Module 2 IE
Module 2 IE
Lectuie- 9
Syllabus content: Full wave controlled rectifer using SCR's(semi controlled, fully controlled) with
Rload only, Block diagram of closed loop speed control of DC motors, Basic principle of single phase
and three phase bridge inverters , block diagrams including rectifier and inverter for speed control of
AC motors (frequency control only).
KK L
a.c. supply
ww
Edc
A
T4
Load
Current
Conducts Conducts
Fig. 6.20 Wauefoms for fully controlled bridge ueith resistive lood
irst positive half-cycle, SCRs T, and T, are forward biased and if
Ee
they are triggered simultancously. then current flows throughthe path L
R-TN. Hence, in the positive half cvele. thyristors T, and T, are conducting
Durnng the negative half-cycle of the a.c. input, SCRs T, and T, are forward
biased and if they are triggered simultaneously, current flows through the path
N-I R-T,I. Thyristors T, T, and T, T, are triggered at the same firing
angle ain cach positive and negative half-cycles of thesupply voltage, respectively.
When the supply voltage falls to zero, the current also gocs to zero. Hence
thyristors 7, 7, in positive half-cycle andT, T, inncgative half-cycle tur-off
by natural commutation, The related voltage and current waveforms for this
circuit areshown in Fig. 6.20.
When the supply voltage falls to zero, the current als0 goes to zero. Hence
thyristors 7, 7,in positive half-cycle and T,, T, in negative half-cycle turn-off
When the supply voltage falls to zero, the current also goes to zero. Hence
thyristors T, T, in positive half-cycle and T,, T, in negative half-cycle turn-off
25-|- 2023
Half Controlled Bridge Rectifier with Resistive Load: Lectie.i
iT iT2
LI,
a.c. input Single-phase
a.c. supply
N
N
ip ip1
B B
ot
21 3r
Firing
pulses
Load
curent
0t
Conducts
-Conducts
, D4
Fig. 6.25 Waveforms for syrn metrical configuration with resistive load
Now, consider the symmetricalconfiguration ofhal f-controlled bridge-circuit.
During the positive half-cycle of the a.c. supply, thyristor T, and diode D, are
forward-biased and are in the forward-blocking mode. When the SCR T, is
triggered, at a firing-angle a, the current flow through the path LT-R
D,-N. As shown in Fig. 6.25,the load-current will flow until it is commutated
by reversal of supply voltage at ot = 1.
During the negative half-cycle of the a.c. supply, thyristor T, and diode D, are
forward-biased. When SCR T, is triggered at an angle (7+ ), the current would
flow through the path N- T,A-RB-D,-L.This current is continuous
till angle 2r, when SCR T, is tumed-off.
The voltage and current-relations are derived as follows:
27-23 -Leoture)
Block diagram of clo sed looP speed control
of DC MotoY
Power
Supply
Converter DC
Load
Motor
Speed
Controlle r
JFeedbock k
DC Motor are daives
e xtensively usedio many
where speed
Speed contsol is desied .
applca tions where Constant spe ed rs
Io m any
Yequir ed , open-oop Operation of do notoss may not
be satrs factoy.
open loop system , if load torque chang es Ahe
speed will chan9e to0.
signal Ve.
Cootrol VEtae Stgnal tnceases the
The
Converter out put voltage (the control signal
dec e ases the firing angle if the convertey
Contvol/ ed Yectfier) Ôs (ncre ases
phase
f he converter (s chopper.
the duly ratio
(orease 1he motor armatuye voltage
develop S or e to9ue to Yestóye he SPeed
of the motor. thus
-The systen
Passes though a Eraosieol
developed to
torgue matches
Perod uotil the
the applitd load torgue.
other advantage of
Theye ase
Cuch as
closed
gieater accuracy,
loop operation
im prov ed
dynamic esponse and stability of
OPeratror
loop system the dyiNe
- In a closed
chorocteristrcs con also be made to opereie
constaot
ot Constant torque hose po wer
Over a certro Speed tange,
provided
- Cixcuit potectioni can olso be
feedb 0ck systms
closed -loop
(i)Average d.c.
load-voltage:
Eue Esin or d(o1)
q/2
sin 2
= Em + (6.18)
2 47
HLoad A
Edc + Co
2
Ej/2R
Load
current
o
Es1 +E4c
Voltage across
S
racross
S
D
Ede P
LOAD
S2
Da
E* Efe
P
HLOAD
S
(a) Mode-I
Mode-II (TI2 <t< T)
(i) Mode-II(T/2 <t<T): At t= TI2, switches S, and S, are turned-on and
S,and S, are tumed-of. The load voltage is -Ese and load current flows from o
to P. The equivalent circuit for mode-II is shown in Fig. 9.7 (b). Atr= T, S, and
S, are tumed-off and S, and S, are turned-on again.
As the load is resistive, it does not store any energy. Therefore, feedback
diodes are not effective here.
Eg-Ee
-Ee LOAD
(b) Mode-II
Loud
voltage
o TT2
Load Ee
current EdR
-EdR
Supply
current
EJR
T/2
E/R
Mode-iMode-II +
S, S | Ss, S_ |
Fig. 9.6 Voltage and current waveforns
|-2-23
Lectuse i
THREE-PHASE INVERTERS:
Ss.
Ea
H C
D.
Be
3-phasc
load
(a) Power-circuit
R-R R-R
Ww
Re=R Rç-R
Bo
(b) Star-connected losd (c) Delta-connected load
180° 180°
T1 T4
T6 T3
T5| T2 TS
2r
EAN 2Edc_
Ede 3 47
3 2n
VI
Intervals
EBN
2Ede
- 2Ede
3
ECN 2Ede_
2Ede 3
3
-2Eds
3
EsB
Ede
-Ede
Epc
Ede
-Ede
EcA
Block closed (oop
of Tnductro o motoY
Iodurtion
mudor
FIter
PwM
HH Joveter
slip spend
vegula tor
Stant Speed feed back
Scos ed by a
The
ual speed tacho
Comp ared wvith the efereoce
9eneyator s
Signa/
7he ditleence
betweeo the speed
eror srgnal. 1s app lied ot h
Siyna/ input
his speed contvo ler
of t he speed processed by a speed
speed s
Whrch is abop ortio a plus iotegro/
controller
and then the sip speed Tegulator
(ptI) contro)ler, speed contvo lleraod slp Spepd
7he output of cuseot efesence
egu/alor output acts as a