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Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

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The following text is from the 1913 story “The King’s Many ancient sculptures of people’s heads are
Coin” by Emily Pauline Johnson, a Kanienkahagen missing their noses. This is because the nose is the
(Mohawk) writer also known as Tekahionwake. most _______ part of a sculpture of a person’s head.
Fox-Foot, a young Ojibwe man, is guiding a group of It is delicate and sticks out from the rest of the
fur traders who are traveling by canoe and suspects sculpture, making it especially easy to break.
that they are being followed.
Which choice completes the text with the most
At supper time, Fox-Foot would allow no fire to logical and precise word or phrase?
be built, no landing to be made, no trace of their
A) recognizable
passing to be left. They ate canned meat and
marmalade, drank again of the stream and B) fragile tez sinadigan
pushed on, until just at dusk they reached the C) common
edge of a long, still lake, with shores of granite
D) sophisticated
and dense fir forest.
As used in the text, what does the word “trace” most
nearly mean?
A) Evidence
B) Blemish
C) Amount
D) Sketch

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K.D. Leka and colleagues found that the Sun’s Despite the generalizations about human behavior
corona provides an advance indication of solar they have produced, many studies of behavioral
flares—intense eruptions of electromagnetic psychology have used highly unrepresentative subject
radiation that emanate from active regions in pools: students at the colleges and universities where
the Sun’s photosphere and can interfere with the researchers are employed. To _______ this
telecommunications on Earth. Preceding a flare, the situation, it is necessary to actively recruit subjects
corona temporarily exhibits increased brightness from diverse backgrounds and locations.
above the region where the flare is _______.
Which choice completes the text with the most
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) sanction cheklov,siqish noun
A) antecedent avalgi yaxshilamoq verb
B) ameliorate
B) impending C) rationalize asosli sababb kurmoq
C) innocuous D) postulate faraz qarahni tugri deb bilmoq
D) perpetual

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4
The following text is adapted from Jean Webster’s
To demonstrate that the integrity of underground 1912 novel Daddy-Long-Legs. The narrator is a young
metal pipes can be assessed without unearthing the college student writing letters detailing her weekly
pipes, engineer Aroba Saleem and colleagues experiences.
_______ the tendency of some metals’ internal
[The college is] organizing the Freshman
magnetic fields to alter under stress: the team showed
basket-ball team and there’s just a chance that I
that such alterations can be measured from a
shall make it. I’m little of course, but terribly
distance and can reveal concentrations of stress in
quick and wiry and tough. While the others are
the pipes.
hopping about in the air, I can dodge under their
Which choice completes the text with the most feet and grab the ball.
logical and precise word or phrase?
Which choice best states the main purpose of the
A) hypothesized text?
B) discounted reduce A) To compare basketball with other sports
C) redefined rredetermine B) To provide details of how to play basketball
D) exploited C) To state how players will be chosen for the
basketball team
D) To explain why the narrator thinks she might
make the basketball team

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In the late 1800s, Spanish-language newspapers Chile’s Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on
flourished in cities across Texas. San Antonio alone Earth. Mary Beth Wilhelm and other astrobiologists
produced eleven newspapers in Spanish between search for life, or its remains, in this harsh place
1890 and 1900. But El Paso surpassed all other because the desert closely mirrors the extreme
cities in the state. This city produced twenty-two environment on Mars. The algae and bacteria found
newspapers in Spanish during that period. El Paso is in Atacama’s driest regions may offer clues about
located on the border with Mexico and has always Martian life. By studying how these and other
had a large population of Spanish speakers. Thus, it microorganisms survive such extreme conditions on
is unsurprising that this city became such a rich site Earth, Wilhelm’s team hopes to determine whether
for Spanish-language journalism. similar life might have existed on Mars and to
develop the best tools to look for evidence of it.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the
text? Which choice best describes the function of the
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
A) To compare Spanish-language newspapers
published in Texas today with ones published A) To contrast the conditions in the Atacama
there during the late 1800s Desert with those on Mars
B) To explain that Spanish-language newspapers B) To explain why many life-forms cannot survive
thrived in Texas and especially in El Paso during in the Atacama Desert
the late 1800s C) To indicate why astrobiologists choose to
C) To argue that Spanish-language newspapers conduct research in the Atacama Desert
published in El Paso influenced the ones D) To describe certain limitations to conducting
published in San Antonio during the late 1800s scientific study in the Atacama Desert
D) To explain why Spanish-language newspapers
published in Texas were so popular in Mexico
during the late 1800s

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More than 60% of journeys in Mexico City occur via Changes to vegetation cover and other human
public transit, but simply reproducing a feature of activities influence carbon and nitrogen levels in soil,
the city’s transit system—e.g., its low fares—is though how deep these effects extend is unclear.
unlikely to induce a significant increase in another Hypothesizing that differences in land use lead to
city’s transit ridership. As Erick Guerra et al. have differences in carbon and nitrogen levels that are not
shown, transportation mode choice in urban areas of restricted to the topsoil layer (0–30 cm deep),
Mexico is the product of a complex mix of factors, Chukwuebuka Okolo and colleagues sampled soils
including population density, the spatial distribution across multiple land-use types (e.g., grazing land,
of jobs, and demographic characteristics of cropland, forest) within each of several Ethiopian
individuals. System features do affect ridership, of locations. They found, though, that across land-use
course, but there is an irreducibly contextual types, carbon and nitrogen decreased to comparably
dimension of transportation mode choice. low levels beyond depths of 30 cm.
Which choice best describes the function of the Which choice best describes the overall structure of
underlined portion in the text as a whole? the text?
A) It presents an objection to the argument of A) It describes a phenomenon that scientists do not
Guerra et al. about transportation mode choice fully understand, explains a research team’s
in urban areas of Mexico. hypothesis about that phenomenon, and then
B) It explains why it is challenging to influence describes a finding that led the team to refine the
transit ridership solely by altering characteristics hypothesis.
of a transit system. B) It introduces an unresolved scientific question,
C) It illustrates the claim that a characteristic presents a research team’s hypothesis pertaining
associated with high transit ridership in Mexico to that question, and then describes an
City is not associated with high transit ridership observation made by the team that conflicts with
elsewhere. that hypothesis.
D) It substantiates the assertion that population C) It discusses a process that scientists are
density, the spatial distribution of jobs, and somewhat unclear about, introduces competing
demographic characteristics are important hypotheses about that process, and then explains
factors in transportation mode choice. how a research team concluded that one of those
hypotheses is likely correct.
D) It explains a hypothesis that has been the subject
of scientific debate, discusses how a research
team tested that hypothesis, and then presents
data the team collected that validate the
hypothesis.

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Recently, scientists looked at data collected by The ancient writing system used in the Maya
NASA’s InSight lander to learn more about seismic kingdoms of southern Mexico and Central America
activity on Mars, known as marsquakes. The data had a symbol for the number zero. The earliest
show that the marsquakes all started from the same known example of the symbol dates to more than
location on the planet. This discovery was surprising 2,000 years ago. At that time, almost none of the
to scientists, as they expected that the marsquakes writing systems elsewhere in the world possessed a
would originate from all over the planet because of zero symbol. And the use of zero in Mexico and
the cooling of the planet’s surface. Now, scientists Central America may be even more ancient. Some
believe that there could be areas of active magma historians suggest that Maya mathematicians
flows deep beneath the planet’s surface that trigger inherited it from the Olmec civilization, which
the marsquakes. flourished in the region 2,400–3,600 years ago.
According to the text, what was surprising to According to the text, what do some historians
scientists studying the seismic activity data from suggest about Maya civilization?
NASA’s InSight lander?
A) Maya civilization acquired the use of zero from
A) The surface temperature of Mars has been rising. the Olmec civilization.
B) There were different types of seismic waves B) Maya civilization respected its historians more
causing marsquakes. than it respected its mathematicians.
C) NASA’s InSight lander collected less data than C) Maya civilization was highly secretive about its
scientists had expected. intellectual achievements.
D) All the marsquakes started from the same D) Maya civilization tried to introduce its writing
location on the planet. system to other civilizations.

13
“The Bet” is an 1889 short story by Anton Chekhov.
In the story, a banker is described as being very upset
about something: _______
Which quotation from “The Bet” most effectively
illustrates the claim?
A) “Then the banker cautiously broke the seals off
the door and put the key in the keyhole.” angry
B) “It struck three o’clock, the banker listened;
everyone was asleep in the house and nothing
could be heard outside but the rustling of the
chilled trees.”
beparvo
C) “The banker, spoilt and frivolous, with millions
beyond his reckoning, was delighted at the bet.”
D) “When [the banker] got home he lay on his bed,
but his tears and emotion kept him for hours
from sleeping.”

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Partial List of Candidate Species for De-extinction “The Yellow Wallpaper” is an 1892 short story by
Common name Scientific name Became extinct Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, the narrator
Heteralocha expresses mixed feelings about her surroundings:
Huia acutirostris 1907 _______
Caribbean Monachus Which quotation from “The Yellow Wallpaper” most
monk seal tropicalis 1952 effectively illustrates the claim?
Passenger Ectopistes
pigeon migratorius 1914 A) “This wallpaper has a kind of sub-pattern in a
Saber-toothed 11,000 years different shade, a particularly irritating one, for
cat Smilodon before present you can only see it in certain lights, and not
Woolly Mammuthus 6,400 years clearly then.”
mammoth primigenius before present B) “By moonlight—the moon shines in all night
when there is a moon—I wouldn’t know it was
The passage of time is among the many obstacles the same paper.”
faced by scientists who are pursuing de-extinction
C) “I’m really getting quite fond of the big room, all
efforts—that is, efforts to use breeding or a mixture
but that horrid [wall]paper.”
of cloning and genetic engineering to bring back
extinct species. Specifically, researchers are D) “The color is repellant, almost revolting; a
concerned that the longer a species has been extinct, smouldering, unclean yellow, strangely faded by
the less likely it is that a suitable habitat still exists for the slow-turning sunlight.”
that species. Among candidate species for
de-extinction, this problem would be especially
concerning for the _______
Which choice most effectively uses data from the
table to complete the statement?
A) passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius), which
became extinct only a few years after the huia
(Heteralocha acutirostris).
B) saber-toothed cat (Smilodon), which became
extinct 11,000 years ago.
C) woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius),
which became extinct several thousand years
before the saber-toothed cat (Smilodon).
D) Caribbean monk seal (Monachus tropicalis),
which became extinct in 1952.

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Which choice most effectively uses data from the

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graph to complete the statement?
Ratio of Manganese to Calcium in Samples
from Alboran Sea and Mauritanian Coast A) a substantial increase in oxygenation in the
Alboran Sea corresponded with the local decline
100 in L. pertusa, but the opposite relationship
j\
90 between oxygenation and L. pertusa was found
80 I \ • near the Mauritanian coast.
70
•
I
.
'/ \
\ ... B) L. pertusa declined in the Alboran Sea during
60 J ~-,or
so \ .......
"'
a period of substantial local decline in
\ /
40 , oxygenation, but L. pertusa declined near the

-·
30 Mauritanian coast during a period of little local
20
10
r,. _.[ ). -1 J- -r '), -1 } - )' "'--r ], -[ ). _,, change in oxygenation.
0 C) oxygenation in the Alboran Sea was higher
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 before the decline in L. pertusa than after
Approximate years before present the decline, whereas oxygenation near the
(in thousands) Mauritanian coast was relatively low both
before and after the decline in L. pertusa.
----iir-- Alboran Sea
D) oxygenation in the Alboran Sea tended to be
- -0 - Mauritanian coast substantially higher than oxygenation near the
Mauritanian coast during the period studied.
The population of the coral Lophelia pertusa
declined significantly around 9,000 years ago in the
Alboran Sea and around 11,000 years ago near the
Mauritanian coast. Using the ratio of manganese to
calcium, which inversely correlates with ocean
oxygenation levels, marine scientist Rodrigo da Costa
Portilho-Ramos and colleagues evaluated whether
oxygenation played a role in the declines of
L. pertusa. The researchers concluded that
oxygenation may have been important in the
Alboran Sea but not near the Mauritanian coast,
since _______

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The Younger Dryas was a period of extreme cooling In 2016 biological anthropologist Heather F. Smith
from 11,700 to 12,900 years ago in the Northern and her team investigated the evolution of the
Hemisphere. Some scientists argue that a comet appendix, an intestinal organ that is present in some
fragment hitting Earth brought about the cooling. mammals, including humans, but is generally
Others disagree, partly because there is no known thought to have no function. Studying 533 mammal
crater from such an impact that dates to the species, the team found that the appendix has
beginning of the period. In 2015, a team led by emerged independently across multiple lineages
Kurt Kjær detected a 19-mile-wide crater beneath a in separate instances and, significantly, hasn’t
glacier in Greenland. The scientists who believe an disappeared after emerging in specific lineages.
impact caused the Younger Dryas claim that this Moreover, the team determined that species with
discovery supports their view. However, Kjær’s team the organ tend to have higher concentrations of
hasn’t yet been able to determine the age of the lymphoid tissue, which supports immune responses,
crater. Therefore, the team suggests that _______ in the cecum, the organ the appendix is attached to.
Therefore, the team hypothesized that the appendix
Which choice most logically completes the text?
likely _______
A) it can’t be concluded that the impact that made
Which choice most logically completes the text?
the crater was connected to the beginning of the
Younger Dryas. A) was once present in many nonmammal species
B) it can’t be determined whether a comet fragment but has since disappeared from those lineages.
could make a crater as large as 19 miles wide. B) has been preserved in certain mammal species
C) scientists have ignored the possibility that because it benefits their immune systems.
something other than a comet fragment could C) will emerge in a greater number of mammal
have made the crater. species because it may serve a necessary function
D) the scientists who believe an impact caused in the immune system.
the Younger Dryas have made incorrect D) produced higher concentrations of lymphoid
assumptions about when the period began. tissue in mammals in the past than it does
currently.

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Some ethicists hold that the moral goodness of an Lê Lươ ng Minh became the thirteenth
individual’s actions depends solely on whether the secretary-general of the Association of Southeast
actions themselves are good, irrespective of the Asian Nations (ASEAN) in January 2013, making
context in which they are carried out. Philosopher _______ the first time the organization would
L. Sebastian Purcell has shown that surviving works appoint a Vietnamese leader.
of Aztec (Nahua) philosophy express a very different
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
view. Purcell reveals that these works posit an ethical
to the conventions of Standard English?
system in which an individual’s actions are judged in
light of how well they accord with the individual’s A) these pluaral same
role in society and how well they contribute to the B) those
community. To the extent that these works are
representative of Aztec thought, Purcell’s analysis C) this
suggests that _______ D) some
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) the Aztecs would have disputed the idea that 21
the morality of an individual’s actions can be In 1929, Edwin Herbert Land invented a polarizing
assessed by appealing to standards of behavior filter that was featured in a number of products, from
that are independent of the individual’s social sunglasses to 3D movies. A decade later, Land
circumstances. _______ his technology to invent the world’s first
B) the Aztecs would not have accepted the notion instant camera, the Polaroid Land camera.
that the morality of an individual’s actions can
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
be fairly evaluated by people who do not live in
to the conventions of Standard English?
the same society as that individual.
C) actions by members of Aztec society who A) used
contributed a great deal to their community B) to have used
could be judged as morally good even if those C) to use
actions were inconsistent with behaviors the
Aztecs regarded as good in all contexts. D) using
D) similar actions performed by people in different
social roles in Aztec society would have been
regarded as morally equivalent unless those
actions led to different outcomes for the
community.

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An online content creator who uses copyrighted In the music video for the song “We Didn’t Start the
songs without permission risks being demonetized Fire” by Billy Joel, the singer lists 118 political and
(prohibited from including paid advertisements in cultural references. Such iconic references, cited in
content). The best way to avoid demonetization is to rapid and frenetic procession by the musician, who is
choose music from the public domain. Using one of seated impassively at a dinner table, _______ key
these noncopyrighted songs _______ a creator won’t moments and personalities of the twentieth century.
lose advertising revenue.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) represents
A) are ensuring B) has represented
B) have ensured C) was representing
C) ensure D) represent
D) ensures

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23
Long attributed to Jacques-Louis David, the
What makes the theremin a unique musical preeminent Neoclassical painter of his day, the 1801
instrument? You play it without touching it. When painting Marie Joséphine Charlotte du Val d’Ognes
you place your _______ the pitch will shift as your gained fresh attention in the 1990s when art
hands move through the air. historians discovered that the painting—which
depicts a solitary young woman sketching—was
Which choice completes the text with the most
actually the work of little-known French portrait
logical transition?
_______ Marie-Denise Villers (1774–1821).
A) hand’s between the two antenna’s,
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
B) hands between the two antennas, to the conventions of Standard English?
C) hands’ between the two antennas’, A) artist—
D) hands’ between the two antennas, B) artist
C) artist:
D) artist,

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In 1986, conceptual artist Sophie Calle asked Historians agree that the jazz pianist Jelly Roll
twenty-three people, all of whom had been born Morton was exaggerating when he claimed to have
without sight, to describe “their image of beauty” invented jazz music. No one can deny, _______ that
in rich detail. Calle paired excerpts of these Morton’s innovative compositions and remarkable
conversations with photographs—both of improvisational skills helped shape jazz as a genre
interviewees and the items they _______ to powerful during its early years.
effect in her exhibition The Blind.
Which choice completes the text with the most
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms logical transition?
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) therefore,
A) described, from hair to grass to sculptures B) in the second place,
B) described, from hair to grass to sculptures— C) in other words,
C) described—from hair to grass to sculptures, D) though,
D) described: from hair to grass to sculptures

-
29 - - -
-
27 - - - According to Duverger’s law, countries
Celebrated Tewa potter Maria Martinez (1887–1980) with single-ballot majoritarian elections for
made her signature all-black ceramic vessels using a single-member districts tend to polarize into
heating technique called reduction firing. This two-party systems, wherein dueling political parties
technique involves smothering the flame consistently dominate the political system. _______
surrounding the clay vessel. _______ the vessel countries with proportional-representation electoral
takes on a shiny, black hue. systems tend to support multi-partyism, under which
power gets distributed among many political parties.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition? Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) On the contrary,
B) For example, A) Subsequently,
C) Previously, B) Conversely,
D) As a result, C) For instance,
D) In other words,

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30 31
A turtle shell appears external to the animal, While researching a topic, a student has taken the
protecting its body like armor. _______ the shell is following notes:
often incorrectly assumed to be an exoskeleton, a
• In 1859, the novel Adam Bede was published in
rigid outer casing like that of a crustacean or an
England.
insect, when in fact it is an endoskeleton, a part of
the turtle’s internal bone structure, more akin to a • According to the novel’s title page, the author’s
spine or a pair of ribs. name was George Eliot.
Which choice completes the text with the most • George Eliot was widely assumed to be a
logical transition? pseudonym.
A) That being said, • A pseudonym is a fake name used to conceal an
author’s identity.
B) However,
C) For instance, • A woman named Mary Ann Evans later revealed
herself as the novel’s real author.
D) Hence,
The student wants to identify the real author of
Adam Bede. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish
this goal?
external-foriegn
A) The real author of Adam Bede was Mary Ann
turtle shell -toshbaqa qobigi Evans, who published the novel using the
pseudonym George Eliot.
B) George Eliot, which Adam Bede’s title page
indicated was the name of the novel’s author,
was widely assumed to be a pseudonym.
C) The title page of the novel Adam Bede indicated
that the author’s name was George Eliot.
D) A woman who had used a pseudonym to conceal
her identity later revealed herself as the real
author of Adam Bede.

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32 33

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Scientists have developed a “freeze-thaw” battery • The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) keeps a
that can retain 92% of its charge after twelve list of all at-risk species.
weeks.
• Species on the list are classified as either
• The battery contains molten salt (a type of salt endangered or threatened.
that liquifies when heated and solidifies at room
• A species that is in danger of extinction
temperature).
throughout most or all of its range is classified as
• When the salt is in a liquid state, energy flows endangered.
through the battery.
• A species that is likely to soon become endangered
• When the salt is in a solid state, energy stops is classified as threatened.
flowing and is stored in the battery.
• The California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) is
• The stored (frozen) energy can be used by likely to soon become endangered, according to
reheating (thawing) the battery. the FWS.
The student wants to specify how the salt enables The student wants to indicate the California
energy storage. Which choice most effectively uses red-legged frog’s FWS classification category. Which
relevant information from the notes to accomplish choice most effectively uses relevant information
this goal? from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Scientists have developed a freeze-thaw battery A) Species on the FWS list, which includes the
that contains molten salt, which liquifies when California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii), are
heated and solidifies at room temperature. classified as either endangered or threatened.
B) The stored energy in a freeze-thaw battery, B) The California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii)
which contains molten salt, can be used by appears on the FWS list of at-risk species.
reheating the battery. C) According to the FWS, the California red-legged
C) When the molten salt in a freeze-thaw battery frog is in the endangered category, in danger of
solidifies at room temperature, energy stops extinction throughout most or all of its range.
flowing and can be stored in the battery. D) Likely to soon become endangered, the
D) Molten salt allows a freeze-thaw battery to retain California red-legged frog is classified as
92% of its charge after twelve weeks. threatened by the FWS.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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No Test Material On This Page
 Module
2

Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

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The following text is adapted from Elizabeth A team of paleontologists has found a rich fossil
von Arnim’s 1922 novel The Enchanted April. deposit near Gulgong, Australia. The fossils are so
Mrs. Wilkins and her friend Rose are traveling well preserved that the team has been able to
in Italy. _______ detailed information about the life forms
that left them behind, such as color patterns and how
“I’m going to have one of these gorgeous
they interacted with other species.
oranges,” said Mrs. Wilkins, staying where she
was and reaching across to a black bowl piled Which choice completes the text with the most
with them. “Rose, how can you resist them. logical and precise word or phrase?
Look—have this one. Do have this beauty—”
A) occupy acquire
And she held out a big one.
B) hoard tuplab quyilgan jamgarma
As used in the text, what does the phrase “reaching same
across to” most nearly mean? C) reserve keep
D) obtain take
A) Joining with
B) Gaining on
C) Stretching toward
D) Arriving at

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3 5
According to a team of neuroeconomists from the Claims about the original significance of Minoan
University of Zurich, ease of decision making may be bull-leaping rituals—depicted in paintings and
linked to communication between two brain regions, sculptures from the second millennium BCE—are
the prefrontal cortex and the parietal cortex. difficult to successfully _______. We know so little
kuchaygan
Individuals tend to be more decisive if the about the people archaeologists call the Minoans that
information flow between the regions is intensified, assertions about what bull-leaping meant to them
whereas they make choices more slowly when will almost inevitably rely on significant speculation
information flow is _______. and guesswork.
Which choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase? logical and precise word or phrase?
A) reduced A) imagine
B) evaluated B) summarize
C) determined C) defend protect
D) acquired D) adjust adopt-sozlash moslashtirmoq

4
The War of 1812 has _______ place in historical
memory in Britain, partly because it is overshadowed
by the much larger concurrent conflict against
Napoleonic France and partly because it essentially
maintained the geopolitical status quo for Britain: the
country neither gained nor lost significant territory
or position as a result of its participation in the war.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) a tenuous zaif

B) an enduring chidamli bardoshli

C) a contentious bahsli

D) a conspicuous famous-kuzga tashlangan

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6 7
The following text is adapted from Jerome K. Several studies have found negligible electoral
Jerome’s 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat (To Say consequences for governments that impose fiscal
Nothing of the Dog). The narrator is traveling by boat austerity measures, yet some European governments
with Harris and another friend. recently suffered electorally due to their austerity
programs. Evelyne Huebscher and colleagues
[Harris] told us anecdotes of how he had gone
attribute this incongruity to governments’
across the [English] Channel when it was so
tendency—not followed in the recent European
rough that the passengers had to be tied into
cases—to implement austerity programs strategically
their [beds], and he and the captain were the
to avoid electoral costs (e.g., setting spending cuts to
only two living souls on board who were not ill.
take effect only after the next election), which has
Sometimes it was he and the second mate who
obscured the inherent political risks of austerity
were not ill; but it was generally he and one other
measures in the election data scholars have
man. If not he and another man, then it was he
examined.
by himself.
Which choice best describes the function of the
Which choice best describes the function of the
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
A) It explains a discrepancy between what has been
A) It indicates the reason for Harris’s eagerness to
observed in study settings and what has been
resume traveling.
observed in real-world settings that the text goes
B) It hints at Harris’s feeling that during an earlier on to assert is attributable to the studies not
boat trip, others didn’t include him in activities. using real-world data.
C) It emphasizes that Harris always boasts about his B) It identifies a conflict between research findings
own constitution when speaking of a previous and recent events that the text goes on to suggest
boat trip. is a consequence of a complicating factor in the
D) It reveals that although Harris claims to prefer data used to generate those findings.
solitary activities when traveling, he actually C) It presents a long-standing divergence in
enjoys having company. research findings that the text goes on to say is
due to different groups of researchers using data
that derive from different electoral
circumstances.
D) It describes a recent exception to a general
pattern in research findings that the text goes on
to explain is a result of researchers
underestimating the significance of
inconsistencies in the data they’ve analyzed.

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8 9
Text 1 The following text is adapted from Ann Petry’s
Graphic novels are increasingly popular in 1946 novel The Street. Lutie lives in an apartment in
bookstores and libraries, but they shouldn’t be Harlem, New York.
classified as literature. By definition, literature tells a
The glow from the sunset was making the street
story or conveys meaning through language only;
radiant. The street is nice in this light, [Lutie]
graphic novels tell stories through illustrations and
thought. It was swarming with children who
use language only sparingly, in captions and
were playing ball and darting back and forth
dialogue. Graphic novels are experienced as series of
across the sidewalk in complicated games of tag.
images and not as language, making them more
Girls were skipping double dutch rope, going
similar to film than to literature.
tirelessly through the exact center of a pair of
Text 2 ropes, jumping first on one foot and then the
Graphic novels present their stories through both other.
language and images. Without captions and dialogue, ©1946 by Ann Petry
readers would be unable to understand what is
Which choice best describes what is happening in
depicted in the illustrations: the story results from
the text?
the interaction of text and image. Moreover, Alison
Bechdel’s Fun Home and many other graphic novels A) Lutie is observing the appearance of the street at
feature text that is as beautifully written as the prose a particular time of day and the events occurring
found in many standard novels. Therefore, graphic on it.
novels qualify as literary texts. B) Lutie is annoyed by the noise of children playing
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 games on her street.
most likely respond to the overall argument C) Lutie is puzzled by the rules of certain children’s
presented in Text 1? games.
A) By asserting that language plays a more D) Lutie is spending time alone in her apartment
important role in graphic novels than the author because she doesn’t want to interact with her
of Text 1 recognizes neighbors.
B) By acknowledging that the author of Text 1 has
identified a flaw that is common to all graphic
novels
C) By suggesting that the story lines of certain
graphic novels are more difficult to understand
than the author of Text 1 claims
D) By agreeing with the author of Text 1 that most
graphic novels aren’t as well crafted as most
literary works are

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10 11
Since its completion in 2014, Bosco Verticale Many literary theorists distinguish between fabula, a
(Vertical Forest)—a pair of residential towers in narrative’s content, and syuzhet, a narrative’s
Milan, Italy, covered by vegetation—has become a arrangement and presentation of events. In the film
striking symbol of environmental sustainability in The Godfather Part II, the fabula is the story of the
architecture. Stefano Boeri intended his design, Corleone family, and the syuzhet is the presentation
which features balconies that are home to hundreds of the story as it alternates between two timelines in
of trees, to serve as a model for promoting urban 1901 and 1958. But literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin
biodiversity. However, the concept has faced maintained that fabula and syuzhet are insufficient to
skepticism: critics note that although the trees used completely describe a narrative—he held that
in Bosco Verticale were specifically cultivated for the systematic categorizations of artistic phenomena
project, it’s too early to tell if they can thrive in this discount the subtle way in which meaning is created
unusual setting. by interactions between the artist, the work, and the
audience.
According to the text, why are some critics skeptical
of the concept behind Bosco Verticale? Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A) Some essential aspects of Bosco Verticale’s A) Literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin argued that
design are difficult to adapt to locations other there are important characteristics of narratives
than Milan. that are not fully encompassed by two concepts
B) The plant life on Bosco Verticale ended up being that other theorists have used to analyze
less varied than Boeri had envisioned it narratives.
would be. B) Literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin claimed that
C) The construction of Bosco Verticale was no less meaning is not inherent in a narrative but is
environmentally damaging than the construction created when an audience encounters a narrative
of more conventional buildings is. so that narratives are interpreted differently by
different people.
D) It is unclear whether Bosco Verticale can support
the plant life included in its design. C) The storytelling methods used in The Godfather
Part II may seem unusually complicated, but
they can be easily understood when two concepts
from literary theory are utilized.
D) Narratives that are told out of chronological
order are more difficult for audiences to
understand than are narratives presented
chronologically.

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-13 - - - - - - - - -

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-12 - -
Total Science Research Submissions Fish whose DNA has been modified to include
by Topic, 2016-2019 genetic material from other species are known as
350 transgenic. Some transgenic fish have genes from
"'
s:: jellyfish that result in fluorescence (that is, they glow
300
.9
/ .,.. ... n
·s
"'
in the dark). Although these fish were initially
"' 250
..0
;:I 200
I V-:••••( >······· engineered for research purposes in the 1990s, they
were sold as pets in the 2000s and can now be found
....."'0 150 in the wild in creeks in Brazil. A student in a biology
---,
t-..
Q)
100 seminar who is writing a paper on these fish asserts
.... J"---, .,. ~ ~
s
..0
that their escape from Brazilian fish farms into the
50
z
;:I
wild may have significant negative long-term
0 ecological effects.
2016 2017 2018 2019
Year Which quotation from a researcher would best
support the student’s assertion?
---+- cellular and molecular biology
A) “In one site in the wild where transgenic fish
- -0 - physics and space science were observed, females outnumbered males,
···O·· medicine and health while in another the numbers of females and
males were equivalent.”
animal science
B) “Though some presence of transgenic fish in the
A student is researching the trends in the topics wild has been recorded, there are insufficient
submitted to a national science fair for high school studies of the impact of those fish on the
students. The graph shows the number of ecosystems into which they are introduced.”
submissions by topic that were made each year. C) “The ecosystems into which transgenic fish are
Based on the data in the graph, the student claims known to have been introduced may represent a
that there were more medicine and health research subset of the ecosystems into which the fish have
topics submitted in 2019 than in any other year. actually been introduced.”
Which choice most effectively uses data from the D) “Through interbreeding, transgenic fish might
graph to support the underlined claim? introduce the trait of fluorescence into wild fish
populations, making those populations more
A) In 2016, the number of cellular and molecular vulnerable to predators.”
biology topic submissions was the same as the
number of animal science topic submissions.
B) In 2019, there were more physics and space
science topic submissions than there were
medicine and health topic submissions.
C) The lowest number of animal science topic
submissions in a year was approximately 95
in 2016.
D) The highest number of medicine and health
topic submissions during the period shown is
approximately 285 in 2019.

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Which choice best describes data from the graph that

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 14 - - - support Ibáñez and colleagues’ conclusion?
Modeled Radial Growth of
Sugar Maple Trees A) Growth with nitrogen under the current climate
exceeded growth with nitrogen under moderate
change, but the latter exceeded growth without
nitrogen under extreme change.
B) Growth without nitrogen under the current
climate exceeded growth without nitrogen under
moderate change, but the latter exceeded growth
with nitrogen under extreme change.
C) Growth with nitrogen under moderate change
exceeded growth without nitrogen under
moderate change, but the latter exceeded growth
without nitrogen under extreme change.
D) Growth with nitrogen under moderate change
exceeded growth without nitrogen under the
Climate scenario
current climate, but the latter exceeded growth
with nitrogen under extreme change.
with nitrogen
without nitrogen

Inés Ibáñez and colleagues studied a forest site in

which some sugar maple trees receive periodic
fertilization with nitrogen to mimic the broader
trend of increasing anthropogenic nitrogen
deposition in soil. Ibáñez and colleagues modeled the
radial growth of the trees with and without nitrogen
fertilization under three different climate scenarios
(the current climate, moderate change, and extreme
change). Although they found that climate change
would negatively affect growth, they concluded that
anthropogenic nitrogen deposition could more than
offset that effect provided that change is moderate
rather than extreme.

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15
“Poetry” is a 1919 poem by Marianne Moore. The
poem highlights an ambivalence toward poetry as the
speaker acknowledges its merits while also
expressing a sense of displeasure, writing _______
Which quotation from “Poetry” most effectively
illustrates the claim?
A) “nor is it valid / to discriminate against ‘business
documents and / school-books’; all these
phenomena are important.”
B) “One must make a distinction / however: when
dragged into prominence by half poets, the result
is not / poetry”
C) “when [poems] become so derivative as to
become unintelligible, the / same thing may be
said for all of us—that we / do not admire what /
we cannot understand.”
D) “Reading [poetry], however, with a perfect
contempt for it, one discovers that there is in / it
after all, a place for the genuine.”

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16
Simulated Change in Annual Aquifer Input and Irrigation Output if
Precipitation Concentration Increases as Climate Models Predict

% change in surface % change in

Baseline concentration of % change in water water used for groundwater used
annual precipitation entering aquifers irrigation for irrigation
Precipitation is currently
somewhat concentrated 4.9 0.4 0.9
Precipitation is currently
evenly distributed 11.0 9.0 7.9

Some climate models for the western United States predict that while
total annual precipitation may remain unchanged from the present
level, precipitation will become concentrated into fewer but more
intense rain and snow events. University of Texas climate scientist
Geeta Persad and her colleagues simulated how the amount of water
entering aquifers and the amount being used for irrigation purposes
would change if this were to occur. Persad and her colleagues
concluded that concentration of precipitation into fewer events would
result in a higher number of dry days, triggering more irrigation, but
that this change in irrigation output is highly sensitive to the baseline
concentration of precipitation that currently exists in an area.
Which choice best describes data from the table that support Persad
and her colleagues’ conclusion?
A) If baseline precipitation is somewhat concentrated, the amount of
water being used for irrigation will increase 0.4% for surface water
and 0.9% for groundwater, whereas the amount of water entering
aquifers will increase 11.0% if baseline precipitation is evenly
distributed.
B) If baseline precipitation is somewhat concentrated, water use for
irrigation will increase only slightly, whereas it will increase 9.0%
for surface water and 7.9% for groundwater if baseline
precipitation is evenly distributed.
C) If baseline precipitation is somewhat concentrated, the amount of
water entering aquifers will increase 4.9%, while the amount being
used for irrigation will increase 0.4% for surface water and 0.9% for
groundwater.
D) If baseline precipitation is somewhat concentrated, water use for
irrigation will decline by a small amount, whereas it will increase
11.0% for surface water and 9.0% for groundwater if baseline
precipitation is evenly distributed.

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- 17 - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - -
In dialects of English spoken in Scotland, the “r” A harpsichord may look just like a piano, but the
sound is strongly emphasized when it appears at the difference between the two instruments is easy to
end of syllables (as in “car”) or before other hear. When a harpsichord’s keys are pressed, the
consonant sounds (as in “bird”). English dialects of strings inside the _______ are plucked, not struck.
the Upland South, a region stretching from
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Oklahoma to western Virginia, place similar
to the conventions of Standard English?
emphasis on “r” at the ends of syllables and before
other consonant sounds. Historical records show that A) instrument:
the Upland South was colonized largely by people B) instrument
whose ancestors came from Scotland. Thus, linguists
have concluded that _______ C) instrument—
D) instrument,
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) the English dialects spoken in the Upland South
acquired their emphasis on the “r” sound from -
20 - - - - - - -
dialects spoken in Scotland. When they were first introduced to western Europe
B) emphasis on the “r” sound will eventually spread from Byzantium in the eleventh century, table forks
from English dialects spoken in the Upland were met with much resistance. The Bishop of Ostia,
South to dialects spoken elsewhere. St. Peter Damian, condemned the eating utensils
C) the English dialects spoken in Scotland were because he considered _______ dangerous and
influenced by dialects spoken in the Upland unnecessary luxury items.
South. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
D) people from Scotland abandoned their emphasis to the conventions of Standard English?
on the “r” sound after relocating to the Upland A) them
South.
B) this
C) that
-
18 ~ - - - - - - D) it
How did whales, once no bigger than seals, evolve
to become the largest animals on Earth? Brazilian
biologist Mariana Nery believes the answer might be -21 - - - - - - -
found in whales’ DNA. In January 2023, Nery and Julia Alvarez’s 1994 novel In the Time of the
her colleagues _______ a study showing changes Butterflies, a fictionalized account of the lives of the
over time in four whale genes associated with Mirabal _______ can serve as a starting point for
body size. those wanting to explore how the rule of dictator
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Rafael Trujillo has been represented in Dominican
to the conventions of Standard English? American literature.

A) published Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

to the conventions of Standard English?
B) publishing
C) having published A) sisters, and
D) to publish B) sisters and
C) sisters,
D) sisters

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
On March 23, 2021, a gust of wind wreaked havoc on In her 1983 book The Managed Heart:
global trade. Ever Given, an international shipping Commercialization of Human Feeling, sociologist
container vessel, became lodged in Egypt’s Suez Arlie Russell Hochschild first explored at length her
Canal, a major shipping route between Europe and conception of a “sociology of emotions”—the idea
Asia. The vessel took six days to _______ it’s as that the various cultural and ideological frameworks
heavy as two thousand blue whales when fully a person has internalized (class, gender, political
loaded. affiliation, etc.) _______ each emotional reaction
that person has within a situation.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) dislodge in part due to its sheer size,
B) dislodge, in part due to its sheer size: A) underlies
C) dislodge, in part due to its sheer size, B) is underlying
D) dislodge, in part, due to its sheer size C) underlie
D) has been underlying

-
23 - - -
-
25 - - -
Fans of the film Moana (2016) may not know that
the deep and humorous voice behind the American abstract artist Richard _______ his
_______ belongs to comedian, actor, and musician installations to make passersby keenly aware of how
Jemaine Clement. The versatile performer has one’s movements are affected by the physical features
appeared in everything from television commercials of one’s environment, assembles large-scale steel
to action movies, but voice acting, specifically, has plates into sculptures that dominate the outdoor
become a notable part of his career. spaces they occupy.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? to the conventions of Standard English?
A) character Tamatoa the crab A) Serra is intending
B) character Tamatoa the crab, B) Serra, intends
C) character: Tamatoa the crab, C) Serra, intending
D) character, Tamatoa the crab D) Serra intends

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26 28
In 1949, Frank Zamboni developed an ice rink To guarantee the validity of experimental results,
resurfacing machine. As Zamboni’s machine moved scientists rely on precise, unchanging standards of
along the rink’s surface, it first scraped off the top measurement. _______ metrologists (scientists
layer of ice. _______ it sprayed water into the deep who study measurement) developed the SI, or
grooves left behind by customers’ skates. Lastly, it International System of Units. The SI’s units of
smoothed over the newly formed ice. measurement are based on unchanging values in
nature, such as the mass of an electron or the speed
Which choice completes the text with the most
of light.
logical transition?
Which choice completes the text with the most
A) For example,
logical transition?
B) Next,
A) In contrast,
C) Similarly,
B) Regardless,
D) In contrast,
C) In addition,
D) For this reason,
-
27 - - - -

In 2014, Nestor Gomez won his first-ever storytelling

29
competition, relating a tale about his life as a
Guatemalan immigrant living in Chicago. _______ In retrospect, one of the lessons of the 2003 Human
in 2017, Gomez created the show 80 Minutes Around Genome Project is that a gene is affected by many
the World as a platform for others to share stories factors, not the least of which is its interactions with
about their immigration experiences. the protein products of other genes. _______ rather
than just focusing on the human genome, efforts to
Which choice completes the text with the most
better understand gene mutations related to disease
logical transition?
have begun to consider the human proteome, the
A) Instead, complete set of proteins expressed by human genes.
B) For example, Which choice completes the text with the most
C) Later, logical transition?
D) In other words, A) In other words,
B) That said,
C) For example,
D) Accordingly,

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30 31
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Iranian scholar Abu Rayhan al-Biruni studied • In astronomy, the mass of stars can be described
Earth’s physical features. in units called solar masses.
• He theorized that a large landmass existed west of • One solar mass is roughly equal to the mass of
Europe and east of Asia. the Sun.
• Al-Biruni published his landmass theory in • The mass of the star Proxima Centauri is
1037 CE. 0.122 solar masses.
The student wants to specify when al-Biruni • The mass of the star Sirius A is 2.063 solar masses.
published his landmass theory. Which choice most
The student wants to emphasize the mass of Sirius A.
effectively uses relevant information from the notes
Which choice most effectively uses relevant
to accomplish this goal?
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) In 1037 CE, al-Biruni published his theory that a
A) The mass of stars, like Proxima Centauri, can be
large landmass existed west of Europe and east
described in units called solar masses.
of Asia.
B) In astronomy, the mass of stars can be described
B) Al-Biruni, who studied Earth’s physical features,
in units called solar masses, and one solar mass is
published a theory about a large landmass.
roughly equal to the mass of the Sun.
C) Al-Biruni was an Iranian scholar who studied
C) The Sun is more massive than Proxima Centauri,
Earth’s physical features.
which has a mass of 0.122 solar masses.
D) An Iranian scholar who studied Earth’s physical
D) With a mass of 2.063 solar masses, Sirius A is
features, al-Biruni theorized that a large
more massive than the Sun.
landmass existed west of Europe and east
of Asia.

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32 33

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• A lever is a simple machine consisting of a rigid • Earthquakes start at a point called a “focus” and
beam and a fulcrum. spread out from there as seismic waves.
• The fulcrum is the point about which the beam • The two types of seismic waves that travel beneath
pivots. Earth’s surface are primary waves (P waves) and
secondary waves (S waves).
• The input force (effort) is the force applied to the
lever. • P waves travel more quickly beneath Earth’s
surface than do S waves.
• The output force (load) is the force that the lever
exerts on another object. • P waves compress and expand the ground, causing
it to move backward and forward.
• In first-class levers, the fulcrum is located between
the effort and the load. • S waves cause the ground to move from side
to side.
• In second-class levers, the load is located between
the effort and the fulcrum. The student wants to emphasize a similarity between
P waves and S waves. Which choice most effectively
The student wants to contrast first-class levers and
uses relevant information from the notes to
second-class levers. Which choice most effectively
accomplish this goal?
uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal? A) P waves and S waves both travel beneath Earth’s
surface, causing the ground to move.
A) In levers, the effort is the force applied to the
lever; the load, in contrast, is the force that the B) P waves travel away from an earthquake’s
lever exerts on another object. starting point at a higher rate of speed than do
S waves.
B) In first-class and second-class levers, the fulcrum
and the load are in different locations. C) Spreading out from the focus of an earthquake,
P waves move the ground backward and
C) First-class levers are simple machines consisting
forward.
of a rigid beam and a fulcrum, but then again,
the same is true of second-class levers. D) Although P waves and S waves start at the same
point, they behave very differently.
D) In first-class levers, the fulcrum is located
between the effort and the load, but in
second-class levers, the load is located between
the effort and the fulcrum.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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 Module
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Math
27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31
REFERENCE

G
£
x
CJw b~ ~ 0 '~
45°
b a x--../3 s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h E} £

V= Rwh V= nr 2h
@
V = i,.r3
3
4
V=½nr 2h
£
1
V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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 Module
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For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

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-1 -- -3 --
y y
...
"\
9
I
-
\ I
- 8 --8
- 7
\ I I
--7
- 6 \ V I

'\
'/ --6 \

- 5 I
i- v, --5
,. I
- 3 \ --4
I
\ --3 \

'\
- 2
-1 ' \
I
--2
--1
I

rg
X
2 -1 U 1 2 3 4 s\ 6 7 8 9 I \
\.
'
1u lf
X
2 1 19 11
+-1 ,.

The graph of a system of a linear equation and a The graph of the linear function f is shown, where
nonlinear equation is shown. What is the solution y = f (x). What is the y-intercept of the graph of f ?
(x, y) to this system?
A) (0, 0) A) (0, 0)
B) (0, 4)
 16 
C) (4, 5) B) 0, − 
 11 
D) (5, 0)
C) (0, −8)

D) (0, 8)

-
2 - - - - - - - - ~

On the first day of a semester, a film club has

90 members. Each day after the first day of the
semester, 10 new members join the film club. If
no members leave the film club, how many total
members will the film club have 4 days after the
first day of the semester?
A) 400
B) 130
C) 94
D) 90

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 Module
1

-4 - - - - - - - - - -6 -

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
s + 7r = 27 y
--s • I

'
r=3
What is the solution (r, s) to the given system of \ I
\
--4
equations? I
--3
A) (6, 3)
--2 \ I
B) (3, 6)
--1
\I
/\
C) (3, 27)
X
D) (27, 3) 1 u 1 2 3/ 4 ' 6 7 8 9
-L1
_lz .J \•
The graph of a system of linear equations is shown.
The solution to the system is (x, y). What is the value
of x ?
-5 ---------
The table shows selected values from function f.

x f(x)
−1 16
0 17
1 18
2 19 7
23, 27, 27, 32, 35, 36, 52
Which of the following is the best description of
function f ? What is the range of the 7 scores shown?

A) Decreasing linear
B) Increasing linear
C) Decreasing exponential
D) Increasing exponential

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 Module
1

-10 - - - - - - - - ~

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-8 -------
k Scott selected 20 employees at random from all
400 employees at a company. He found that 16 of
the employees in this sample are enrolled in exactly
three professional development courses this year.
m Based on Scott’s findings, which of the following is
the best estimate of the number of employees at the
company who are enrolled in exactly three
professional development courses this year?
n A) 4
B) 320
C) 380
D) 384

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure, line m is parallel to line n, and line k

intersects both lines. Which of the following
statements is true?
A) The value of x is less than 145.
B) The value of x is greater than 145.
-11 - - - - - - - - ~
C) The value of x is equal to 145. If 4x − 28 = −24, what is the value of x − 7 ?
D) The value of x cannot be determined.
A) −24
B) −22
C) −6
D) −1

-9 --------~
The equation x + y = 1,440 represents the number
of minutes of daylight (between sunrise and sunset),
x, and the number of minutes of non-daylight, y, on
a particular day in Oak Park, Illinois. If this day has
670 minutes of daylight, how many minutes of
non-daylight does it have?
A) 670
B) 770
C) 1,373
D) 1,440

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 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-12 - - - - - ~ -14 - - - - - ~
For a snowstorm in a certain town, the minimum A store sells two different-sized containers of
rate of snowfall recorded was 0.6 inches per hour, blueberries. The store’s sales of these blueberries
and the maximum rate of snowfall recorded was totaled 896.86 dollars last month. The equation
1.8 inches per hour. Which inequality is true for all
4.51x + 6.07y = 896.86 represents this situation,
values of s, where s represents a rate of snowfall, in
inches per hour, recorded for this snowstorm? where x is the number of smaller containers sold
and y is the number of larger containers sold.
A) s ≥ 2.4 According to the equation, what is the price, in
B) s ≥ 1.8 dollars, of each smaller container?
C) 0 ≤ s ≤ 0.6
D) 0.6 ≤ s ≤ 1.8

-15 - - - - - ~
A right circular cylinder has a base diameter of
22 centimeters and a height of 6 centimeters. What is
- 13 - - - - - ~ the volume, in cubic centimeters, of the cylinder?
y = 4x
A) 132π
y = x 2 − 12
B) 264π
A solution to the given system of equations is (x, y), C) 726π
where x > 0. What is the value of x ?
D) 2,904π

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 Module
1

- 16 - -
y
12
10 ''
8
\
6 \
\

' ......... -
4
2

u 2- _4_ - 6 - ~8- ~10

X

-2
-4

The graph of the rational function f is shown, where y = f (x)

and x ≥ 0 . Which of the following is the graph of y = f (x) + 5,
where x ≥ 0 ?
A) y B) y
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4 \
2 \ 2 \
\ r-...
\
X X
0 0 2- _4_ - 6 - ~8- ~10
1
4- - 6 - - 8 - ~10
-2
-4
' I......_
-
-2
-4

C)
12
y
\
D)
12
y
.\
\ \
10 \ 10
8
\
8
' .._
-
6 ' '\. 6
r-...

---
4 ..... i,.._ 4
2 - 2
X X
0 2- ~4- - 6 - - 8 - ~10 0 2- _4_ - 6 - ~8- ~10
-2 -2
-4 -4

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 Module
1

-17 - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - -

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
At a particular track meet, the ratio of coaches to 92π
athletes is 1 to 26. If there are x coaches at the track What is the value of tan ?
3
meet, which of the following expressions represents
the number of athletes at the track meet?
A) − 3
x
A)
26 3
B) −
3
B) 26x
3
C)
3
C) x + 26
D) 3
26
D)
x

-20 - - - - - - - - -
- ---------
18
Kaylani used fabric measuring 5 yards in length to
make each suit for a men’s choir. The relationship
between the number of suits that Kaylani made, x,
and the total length of fabric that she purchased y, in
yards, is represented by the equation y − 5x = 6 .
11
What is the best interpretation of 6 in this context?
A) Kaylani made 6 suits.
B) Kaylani purchased a total of 6 yards of fabric.
C) Kaylani used a total of 6 yards of fabric to make
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
the suits.
D) Kaylani purchased 6 yards more fabric than she In the triangle shown, what is the value of cos x° ?
used to make the suits.

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 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-21 - - - - - ~ -23 - - - - - ~
The function g is defined by g(x) = (x + 14)(t − x), A right rectangular prism has a height of 9 inches.
where t is a constant. In the xy-plane, the graph of The length of the prism’s base is x inches, which is
7 inches more than the width of the prism’s base.
y = g(x) passes through the point (24, 0). What is
Which function V gives the volume of the prism,
the value of g(0) ? in cubic inches, in terms of the length of the
prism’s base?
A) V(x) = x(x + 9)(x + 7)
B) V(x) = x(x + 9)(x − 7)
C) V(x) = 9x(x + 7)
D) V(x) = 9x(x − 7)
- 22 - - - - - ~
(x + 4)2 + (y − 19)2 = 121
The graph of the given equation is a circle in the
xy-plane. The point (a, b) lies on the circle. Which of
the following is a possible value for a ?
A) −16 - 24 - - - - - ~
B) −14 Which of the following functions has(have) a
C) 11 minimum value at −3 ?
D) 19 I. f (x) = −6(3)x − 3
II. g(x) = −3(6)x
A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II
D) Neither I nor II

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 Module
1

25 27

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The result of increasing the quantity x by 400% is The function g is defined by g(x) = x(x − 2)(x + 6)2 .
60. What is the value of x ?
The value of g(7 − w) is 0, where w is a constant.
A) 12 What is the sum of all possible values of w ?
B) 15
C) 240
D) 340

26

The function f is defined by f (x) = ax 2 + bx + c,

where a, b, and c are constants. The graph of
y = f (x) in the xy-plane passes through the points
(7, 0) and (−3, 0). If a is an integer greater than 1,
which of the following could be the value of a + b ?
A) −6
B) −3
C) 4
D) 5

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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 Module
2

Math
27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
NOTES
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31
REFERENCE

G
£
x
CJw b~ ~ 0 '~
45°
b a x--../3 s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h E} £

V= Rwh V= nr 2h
@
V = i,.r3
3
4
V=½nr 2h
£
1
V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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 Module
2

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

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 Module
2

-1 - - - - - - - - ~ -3 - - - - - - - - ~

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
What is 20% of 440? The function f is defined by f (x) = 4x − 3. What is
A) 44 the value of f (10) ?
B) 88 A) −30
C) 880 B) 37
D) 1,760 C) 40
D) 43

-
2 --------~

-4 - - - - - - - - ~
Argon is placed inside a container with a constant
volume. The graph shows the estimated pressure y,
in pounds per square inch (psi), of the argon when Which expression is equivalent to 16x 3y 2 + 14xy ?
its temperature is x kelvins.
A) 2xy(8xy + 7)
y
36 B) 2xy(8x 2y + 7)

30 C) 14xy(2x 2y + 1)
D) 14xy(8x 2y + 1)

,,,,,....-
~"
.... i.--....
~',,,.
.
6 ~,,,,,....-
5
() 100200300400500600700800x - ---------------~
Temperature (kelvins) A veterinarian recommends that each day a certain
rabbit should eat 25 calories per pound of the rabbit’s
What is the estimated pressure of the argon, in psi, weight, plus an additional 11 calories. Which
when the temperature is 600 kelvins? equation represents this situation, where c is the
total number of calories the veterinarian
A) 6 recommends the rabbit should eat each day if the
B) 12 rabbit’s weight is x pounds?
C) 300 A) c = 25x
D) 600 B) c = 36x
C) c = 11x + 25
D) c = 25x + 11

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 Module
2

-6 - - - - - - - - - -9 -

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
If 6n = 12, what is the value of n + 4 ? y
12

-
9
" '\.
\
\
6
\
\
- ---------
7
\
3
(d − 30)(d + 30) − 7 = −7 \
What is a solution to the given equation? \
\
u 1 2 3
X

Time (seconds)
A competitive diver dives from a platform into the
water. The graph shown gives the height above the
water y, in meters, of the diver x seconds after diving
from the platform. What is the best interpretation of
-8 - - - - - - - - -
the x-intercept of the graph?

Line r in the xy-plane has a slope of 4 and passes A) The diver reaches a maximum height above the
through the point (0, 6). Which equation defines water at 1.6 seconds.
line r ? B) The diver hits the water at 1.6 seconds.
C) The diver reaches a maximum height above the
A) y = −6x + 4 water at 0.2 seconds.
B) y = 6x + 4 D) The diver hits the water at 0.2 seconds.
C) y = 4x − 6
D) y = 4x + 6

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 Module
2

-10 - - - - - - - - ~ -11 - - - - - - - - ~

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The scatterplot shows the relationship between
The kinetic energy, in joules, of an object with mass two variables x and y. A line of best fit for the data is
also shown.
9 kilograms traveling at a speed of v meters per
y
,_
second is given by the function K, where 10
9
V
9
K(v) = v 2. Which of the following is the best 8 /
2 /
interpretation of K(34) = 5,202 in this context?
7
6
v•
5
V
A) The object traveling at 34 meters per second has
4
Y.
/.
a kinetic energy of 5,202 joules.
B) The object traveling at 340 meters per second has 3
•v
a kinetic energy of 5,202 joules.
C) The object traveling at 5,202 meters per second
2
1 -v •
has a kinetic energy of 34 joules.
7 X
l, 12345678910
D) The object traveling at 23,409 meters per second
has a kinetic energy of 34 joules. For how many of the 10 data points is the actual
y-value greater than the y-value predicted by the line
of best fit?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 6
D) 7

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 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 12 - - - - - - ~ -15 - - - - - - ~
At a movie theater, there are a total of 350 customers. Five Eretmochelys imbricata, a type of sea turtle, each
Each customer is located in either theater A, have a nest. The table shows an original data set of
theater B, or theater C. If one of these customers is the number of eggs that each turtle laid in its nest.
selected at random, the probability of selecting a
customer who is located in theater A is 0.48, and the Nest Number of eggs
probability of selecting a customer who is located in A 149
theater B is 0.24. How many customers are located in B 144
theater C? C 148
A) 28 D 136
E 139
B) 40
C) 84 A sixth nest with 121 eggs is added to create a new
D) 98 data set. Which of the following correctly compares
the means of the two data sets?
A) The mean of the original data set is greater than
the mean of the new data set.
B) The mean of the original data set is less than the
mean of the new data set.
C) The means of both data sets are equal.
- 13 - - - - - - ~ D) There is not enough information to compare the
means.
What is the slope of the graph of
1
y= (29x + 10) + 5x in the xy-plane?
3

-16 - - - - - - ~
In △RST , the measure of ∠R is 63° . Which of the
following could be the measure, in degrees, of ∠S ?
-14 - - - - - - ~ A) 116
The length of each edge of a box is 29 inches. Each
side of the box is in the shape of a square. The box B) 118
does not have a lid. What is the exterior surface area, C) 126
in square inches, of this box without a lid?
D) 180

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 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 17 - - - - - - ~ -19 - - - - - - ~
Which expression is equivalent to 2x − y > 883
(8x 3 + 8) − (x 3 − 2) ? For which of the following tables are all the values of
x and their corresponding values of y solutions to the
A) 8x 3 + 6 given inequality?
B) 7x 3 + 10
A) x y
C) 8x 3 + 10
440 0
D) 7x 3 + 6 441 −2
442 −4

B) x y
440 0
442 −2
441 −4
-
18 - - - - - - ~
C) x y
If 4 2x = 16, what is the value of 6x ?
442 0
A) 24
440 −2
B) 48
441 −4
C) 72
D) 96 D) x y
442 0
441 −2
440 −4

-20 - - - - - - ~
5y = 10x + 11
−5y = 5x − 21

The solution to the given system of equations is

(x, y). What is the value of 30x ?

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 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 21 - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - -
A rectangle is inscribed in a circle, such that each 42a
Which expression is equivalent to + 42ak ,
vertex of the rectangle lies on the circumference of k
the circle. The diagonal of the rectangle is twice the where k > 0 ?
length of the shortest side of the rectangle. The area
84a
of the rectangle is 1,089 3 square units. What is the A)
k
length, in units, of the diameter of the circle?
84ak 2
B)
k

42a(k + 1)
C)
k

42a(k 2 + 1)
22 D)
- - - - - - - - k
Rectangles ABCD and EFGH are similar. The length
of each side of EFGH is 6 times the length of the
corresponding side of ABCD. The area of ABCD is
54 square units. What is the area, in square units, of
EFGH?
A) 9
B) 36 -
24 - - - - - - -
C) 324 Which quadratic equation has no real solutions?
D) 1,944
A) x 2 + 14x − 49 = 0
B) x 2 − 14x + 49 = 0
C) 5x 2 − 14x − 49 = 0
D) 5x 2 − 14x + 49 = 0

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 Module
2

-25 - - - - - ~ -27 - - - - - ~

................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
P(t) = 260(1.04)
( 4)
6
t For an electric field passing through a flat surface
perpendicular to it, the electric flux of the electric
The function P models the population, in thousands, field through the surface is the product of the electric
of a certain city t years after 2003. According to the field’s strength and the area of the surface. A certain
model, the population is predicted to increase by 4% flat surface consists of two adjacent squares, where
every n months. What is the value of n ? the side length, in meters, of the larger square is
A) 8 3 times the side length, in meters, of the smaller
B) 12 square. An electric field with strength 29.00 volts per
meter passes uniformly through this surface, which is
C) 18
perpendicular to the electric field. If the total electric
D) 72
flux of the electric field through this surface is
4,640 volts · meters , what is the electric flux, in
volts · meters , of the electric field through the larger
square?

- 26 - - - - - ~
A circle in the xy-plane has its center at (−1, 1).
Line t is tangent to this circle at the point (5, −4).
Which of the following points also lies on line t ?
 6
A) 0, 
 5 

B) (4, 7)

C) (10, 2)

D) (11, 1)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 48

No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
 T hSAT.
e
SAT®
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
• You may work on only one module at a time.
• If you finish a module before time is called, check your work on that module only.
You may NOT turn to any other module.

TIMING
Reading and Writing, Module 1: 39 minutes
Reading and Writing, Module 2: 39 minutes
10-minute break
Math, Module 1: 43 minutes
Math, Module 2: 43 minutes
The above are standard times. If you are approved for accommodations involving
additional time, you should give yourself that time when you practice.

MARKING YOUR ANSWERS

• Be sure to answer your questions properly in this book.
• Circle only one answer to each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one answer
circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

USING YOUR TEST BOOK

• You may use the test book for scratch work.
• You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page from this book,
or take the book from the testing room.

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