3.

Representation of data
Jan 2023(1)
1. The histogram shows the times taken, t minutes, by each of 100 people to
swim 500 metres.

Frequency
density

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time taken (t minutes)

(a) Use the histogram to complete the frequency table for the times taken by the
100 people to swim 500 metres.

Time taken (t minutes) 5 – 10 10 – 14 14 – 18 18 – 25 25 – 40

Frequency ( f ) 10 16 24

(1)
(b) Estimate the number of people who took less than 16 minutes to swim 500 metres.
(2)
(c) Find an estimate for the mean time taken to swim 500 metres.
(2)
Given that ∑ ft 2
= 41 033
(d) find an estimate for the standard deviation of the times taken to swim 500 metres.
(2)
Given that Q3 = 23
(e) use linear interpolation to estimate the interquartile range of the times taken to
swim 500 metres.
(3)
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*P72072A0224* 
 Oct 2022(1)
1. The stem lengths of a sample of 120 tulips are recorded in the grouped frequency
2.
table below.

Stem length (cm) Frequency

40  x < 42 12

42  x < 45 18

45  x < 50 23

50  x < 55 35

55  x < 58 24

58  x < 60 8

A histogram is drawn to represent these data.

The area of the bar representing the 40  x < 42 class is 16.5 cm2
(a) Calculate the exact area of the bar representing the 42  x < 45 class.
(2)
The height of the tallest bar in the histogram is 10 cm.
(b) Find the exact height of the second tallest bar.
(3)
Q1 for these data is 45 cm.
(c) Use linear interpolation to find an estimate for
(i) Q2
(ii) the interquartile range.
(4)
One measure of skewness is given by

Q3 − 2Q2 + Q1
Q3 − Q1

(d) By calculating this measure, describe the skewness of these data.

(2)
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*P72154A0228* 
 May 2022(1)
1. The company Seafield requires contractors to record the number of hours they work
3.
each week. A random sample of 38 weeks is taken and the number of hours worked per
week by contractor Kiana is summarised in the stem and leaf diagram below.

Stem Leaf Key : 3 2 means 32

1 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 9 9 9 (11)
2 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 w 9 (10)
3 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 7 9 (10)
4 1 1 2 3 (4)
5 1 9 (2)
6 4 (1)

The quartiles for this distribution are summarised in the table below.

Q1 Q2 Q3

x 26 y

(a) Find the values of w, x and y

(3)
Kiana is looking for outliers in the data. She decides to classify as outliers any
observations greater than

Q3 + 1.0 × (Q3 – Q1 )

(b) Showing your working clearly, identify any outliers that Kiana finds.
(2)
(c) Draw a box plot for these data in the space provided on the grid opposite.
(3)
(d) Use the formula

(Q3 − Q2 ) − (Q2 − Q1 )
skewness =
(Q3 − Q1 )

to find the skewness of these data. Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
(2)
Kiana’s new employer, Landacre, wishes to know the average number of
hours per week she worked during her employment at Seafield to help calculate the cost
of employing her.
(e) Explain why Landacre might prefer to know Kiana’s mean, rather than median,
number of hours worked per week.
(1)

2
*P71200A0224* 
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Hours

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Jan 2022(3) blank
3.
4. The stem and leaf diagram shows the number of deliveries made by Pat each day
for 24 days

Key: 10 8 represents 108 deliveries

10 8 9 (2)

11 0 3 6 6 6 8 8 9 9 9 9 (11)

12 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 8 (8)

13 a b c (3)

where a, b and c are positive integers with a < b < c

An outlier is defined as any value greater than 1.5 × interquartile range above the
upper quartile.
Given that there is only one outlier for these data,
(a) show that c = 9
(3)
The number of deliveries made by Pat each day is represented by d
The data in the stem and leaf diagram are coded using

x = d – 125

and the following summary statistics are obtained

∑ x = –96 ∑ (x – x )
2
and = 1306

(b) Find the mean number of deliveries.

(3)
(c) Find the standard deviation of the number of deliveries.
(2)
One of these 24 days is selected at random. The random variable D represents the
number of deliveries made by Pat on this day.
The random variable X = D –125
(d) Find P(D > 118½X < 0)
(2)
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*P66652A01028* 
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3.
5. The stem and leaf diagram shows the ages of the 35 male passengers on a cruise.

Age Key: 1 | 3 represents an age of 13 years

1 3 (1)
2 7 9 (2)
3 1 2 8 8 (4)
4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 (7)
5 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 8 (10)
6 0 1 1 4 4 4 7 (7)
7 3 6 (2)
8 7 8 (2)

(a) Find the median age of the male passengers.

(1)

(b) Show that the interquartile range (IQR) of these ages is 16

(2)

An outlier is defined as a value that is more than

1.5 × IQR above the upper quartile

or
1.5 × IQR below the lower quartile

(c) Show that there are 3 outliers amongst these ages.

(3)

(d) On the grid in Figure 1 on page 9, draw a box plot for the ages of the male passengers
on the cruise.
(4)

Figure 1 on page 9 also shows a box plot for the ages of the female passengers on
the cruise.

(e) Comment on any difference in the distributions of ages of male and female passengers
on the cruise.
State the values of any statistics you have used to support your comment.
(1)

Anja, along with her 2 daughters and a granddaughter, now join the cruise.
Anja’s granddaughter is younger than both of Anja’s daughters.
Anja had her 23rd birthday on the day her eldest daughter was born.
When their 4 ages are included with the other female passengers on the cruise, the box plot
does not change.

(f) State, giving reasons, what you can say about

(i) the granddaughter’s age
(ii) Anja’s age.
(3)

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Age (males)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Age (females)

Figure 1
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9
 *P71284A0924* Turn over
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May 2021(2) blank
2.
6. The stem and leaf diagram below shows the ages (in years) of the residents in
a care home.

Age Key: 4 | 3 is an age of 43

4 3 (1)
5 4 (1)
6 2 3 5 6 8 8 8 9 9 (9)
7 1 1 3 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 9 (11)
8 0 0 2 7 8 8 9 (7)
9 3 7 (2)

(a) Find the median age of the residents.

(1)
(b) Find the interquartile range (IQR) of the ages of the residents.
(2)
An outlier is defined as a value that is either

more than 1.5 ´ (IQR) below the lower quartile or

more than 1.5 ´ (IQR) above the upper quartile.

(c) Determine any outliers in these data. Show clearly any calculations that you use.
(3)
(d) On the grid on page 5, draw a box plot to summarise these data.
(3)
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*P65795A0420*
 Leave
Oct 2019(2) blank
7.2. The histogram shows the times taken, in seconds, by each of 260 people to complete a
puzzle.

Frequency
density

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time taken (seconds)

(a) Use the histogram to complete the frequency table for the times taken to complete the
puzzle.

Time taken (seconds) 15–30 30–45 45–55 55–60 60–75 75–90

Frequency (f) 20 145 10 5

Time midpoint (t seconds) 22.5 37.5 50 57.5 67.5 82.5

(3)
Given that ∑ ft = 11 087.5 and ∑ ft 2
= 505 718.75

(b) find an estimate for

(i) the mean time taken to complete the puzzle,

(1)

(ii) the standard deviation of the times taken to complete the puzzle.
(2)

(c) Use linear interpolation to estimate the median time taken to complete the puzzle.
(2)

(d) Describe the skewness of these data. Give a reason for your answer.
(1)

Three of the 260 people are chosen at random.

(e) Estimate the probability that all 3 of their times are less than 36 seconds.
(4)

6
*P58493A0628*
 Leave
May 2019(2) blank
2.
8. Chi wanted to summarise the scores of the 39 competitors in a village quiz. He started to
produce the following stem and leaf diagram

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Score Key: 2 | 5 is a score of 25
1 1 5 8 9
2 0 2 5 8 9
3 3 5 5 7 8 9 …

He did not complete the stem and leaf diagram but instead produced the following
box plot.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Score

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Chi defined an outlier as a value that is

greater than Q3 + 1.5 u (Q3íQ1)

or less than Q1íu (Q3íQ1)

(a) Find

(i) the interquartile range

(ii) the range.

(2)

(b) Describe, giving a reason, the skewness of the distribution of scores.

(2)

Albert and Beth asked for their scores to be checked. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

Albert’s score was changed from 25 to 37

Beth’s score was changed from 54 to 60

(c) On the grid on page 5, draw an updated box plot.

Show clearly any calculations that you used.
(7)

Some of the competitors complained that the questions were biased towards the younger
generation. The product moment correlation coefficient between the age of the competitors
and their score in the quiz is – 0.187

(d) State, giving a reason, whether or not the complaint is supported by this statistic.
(2)

4
*P56169A0424*
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Score
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5
*P56169A0524* Turn over
 May 2023(1)


9.
1. The histogram shows the distances, in km, that 274 people travel to work.








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Frequency
density

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0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Distance travelled in km

Given that 60 of these people travel between 10 km and 20 km to work, estimate

(a) the number of people who travel between 22 km and 45 km to work,
(3)
(b) the median distance travelled to work by these 274 people,
(2)
(c) the mean distance travelled to work by these 274 people.
(3)
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