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Reviewer - Geothermal Energy

The document discusses geothermal energy, which uses heat from the Earth's interior as an energy source. It describes how geothermal energy is produced, the different types of geothermal power plants, and examples of geothermal energy production in the Philippines. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy.

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theskyeawakens20
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34 views3 pages

Reviewer - Geothermal Energy

The document discusses geothermal energy, which uses heat from the Earth's interior as an energy source. It describes how geothermal energy is produced, the different types of geothermal power plants, and examples of geothermal energy production in the Philippines. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy.

Uploaded by

theskyeawakens20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geothermal energy is where the heat from the Earth’s interior is a source of energy.

The heat of the Earth warms up


water which is trapped in rock formations beneath its surface.
Geothermal energy comes from the Greek word “geo” (earth) and “therme” (heat).
Geothermal energy is located where the hot steam of the earth comes out.
This thermal energy is contained in the rock and fluids beneath Earth’s crust. It can be found from shallow ground to
several miles below the surface, and even farther down to the extremely hot molten rock called magma.
To produce geothermal-generated electricity, wells, sometimes a mile (1.6 kilometers) deep or more, are drilled into
underground reservoirs to tap steam and very hot water that drive turbines linked to electricity generators.

In the Philippines, geothermal power plants are used to generate electricity in Tiwi (Albay), Kidapawan (North
Cotabato), Calacan (Laguna), Tongonan (Leyte), Bago City (Northern Negros Occidental), Valencia (Negros
Oriental), and Bacon (Sorsogon).

Volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust in which molten rock and fragments came out.
Fumarole is usually found in volcanic regions. It is a hole in the grounds where vapors and gases come out.
Hot spring is a source of water which flows out with a temperature higher than the average temperature of the
neighboring areas.
Geyser is a spring that occasionally shoots out hot water and steam.

Philippines is in the Pacific Ring of Fire where it ranks second in the world’s production of geothermal energy.

However, geothermal energy has advantage and disadvantages to us and the environment.
Geothermal Energy
Advantages Disadvantages
More environmentally friendly ( no fuel needed) The location is too specific
Renewable energy Gases are released during digging.
Sustainable source of energy Too expensive
Increase in advancing technology.
Lower pollution compared to fuels.

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT


Power plants are built in an area where it is particularly hot just below the surface.
It has lower efficiency relative to other thermal power plants, such as coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear power
stations. It is commonly assumed that only 15% of the energy from the produced geothermal fluid can be converted
to electricity.

These are the sources where the geothermal power produce electricity through these following steps:
1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes the water to turn into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity.
4. Cooling tower cools the steam which and it condenses back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process again.

Dry Steam Power Plant


This is the simplest design. They draw the steam directly through a turbine. It then goes to a condenser where the
steam becomes water.

In the Philippines, the Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant in Albay and the Palinpinon Geothermal Field in Negros Island
are some of the dry-steam plants operating in the country.
Flash Steam Power Plant
Hot water from underground is pumped into a cooler temperature flash tank. The sudden change in temperature
creates steam which powers the generator.

A pump pushes hot fluid into a tank(flash tank) at the surface, where it cools. As it cools the fluid quickly turns into
vapor – “flash” vaporizes. The vapor then drives a turbine – and powers a generator.

The Bacon-Manito (Bac-Man) Geothermal Power Plant facilities situated along Sorsogon and Albay use steam
power to generate geothermal energy in the area. The Makiling-Banahaw (Mak-Ban) Geothermal Field in Laguna.

Binary Cycle Power Plant

Heat fluid from underground heat a second fluid (heat transfer fluid), in a giant heat exchanger. Heat transfer fluid has
a much lower boiling point than the heat fluid and it flashes into a vapor at a lower temperature. When the second
fluid flashes it spins a turbine then generate electricity.

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