SHREEYASH PRATISHTHAN’S

SHREEYASH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(POLYTECHNIC), CHH. SAMBHAJINAGAR

MICRO-PROJECT REPORT

NAME OF DEPARTMENT:- ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR:- 2023-24
SEMESTER:- FOURTH
COURSE NAME:- IME
COURSE CODE:- 22420
MICRO-PROJECT TITLE:- PREPARE POWER POINT PIEZOELECTRIC ROAD
PREPARED BY:-
1) RATHOD BAJIRAO BANDU EN. NO. 2210920291
2) RATHOD DINESH MANSING EN. NO. 2210920293
3) CHAVAN DHIRAJ SANJAY EN. NO.__________________
4) YADAV VISHWAS JAGDISH EN. NO.__________________
5) THOMBARE RITESH SANTOSH EN. NO.__________________

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:- Prof. B.F. Shaikh

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Rathod Bajirao Bandu Of Fourth Semester of Diploma in Electrical Engineering
of Institute Shreeyash College Of Engineering And Technology has successfully completed Micro-Project
Work in Course of Industrial Measurement for the academic year 2023-24 as prescribed in the I-Scheme
Curriculum.

Date:-_______________________ Enrollment No:- 2210920291

Place:- Chh. Sambhajinagar Exam Seat No.:- 450006

Signature Signature Signature

Guide HOD Principal

Seal of Institute
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our profound gratitude to our guide Prof. B.F.Shaikh who
guided us endlessly in framing and completion of Micro-Project. He / She guided
us on all the main points in that Micro-Project. We are indebted to his / her constant
encouragement, cooperation and help. It was his / her enthusiastic support that
helped us in overcoming of various obstacles in the Micro-Project.
We are also thankful to our Principal, HOD, Faculty Members
and classmates for extending their support and motivation in the completion of this
Micro-Project.
1) RATHOD BAJIRAO BANDU EN. NO. 2210920291
2) RATHOD DINESH MANSING EN. NO. 2210920293
3) CHAVAN DHIRAJ SANJAY EN. NO.__________________
4) YADAV VISHWAS JAGDISH EN. NO.__________________
5) THOMBARE RITESH SANTOSH EN. NO.__________________
 Annexure-1
Micro-Project Proposal

❖ Title of Micro-Project: Prepare Power Point Piezoelectric Road

❖ Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:.

• Renewable energy
• Sustainable infrastructure
• Reduced carbon footprint
• Cost-efficiency
• Job creation
• Economic development
• Greenhouse gas reduction
• Air pollution mitigation
• Energy independence
• Increased property values

❖ Course Outcomes Addressed

1. RATHOD BAJIRAO BANDU EN. NO. 2210920291
2. RATHOD DINESH MANSING EN. NO. 2210920293
3. CHAVAN DHIRAJ SANJAY EN. NO._____________
4. YADAV VISHWAS JAGDISH EN. NO._____________
5. THOMBARE RITESH SANTOSH EN. NO._____________

❖ Proposed Methodology: Description: This slide provides a concise overview of the

methodology to be followed in the micro-project, detailing the steps involved in designing
and implementing the piezoelectric road prototype.

1. Research and Design: Conduct literature review on piezoelectric materials and road
construction techniques. Design the layout and specifications of the piezoelectric road
segment.
2. Material Acquisition: Procure necessary materials including piezoelectric crystals,
pavement materials, sensors, and energy storage components.
3. Prototype Construction: Build the piezoelectric road prototype according to the design
specifications. Embed piezoelectric crystals beneath the road surface and install sensors for
data collection.
4. Testing and Optimization: Conduct performance tests to assess the electricity generation
efficiency and durability of the prototype. Optimize design and configuration based on test
results.
5. Data Analysis: Analyze data collected during testing phase to evaluate the effectiveness of
the piezoelectric road prototype in generating electricity and its potential applications.
6. Documentation and Reporting: Document the entire process including design,
construction, testing, and analysis. Prepare a comprehensive report summarizing the
findings and outcomes of the micro-project.
 Annexure-1
❖ Action Plan
Name of
Sr. Planned Planned Responsible
Details of activity
No. Week Start Finish Team Members
date date
1 1 &2 Discussion & Finalization of 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 All Team Members
Topic
2 3 Preparation of the Abstract 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 All Team Members
3 4 Literature Review 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 All Team Members
4 5 Submission of Microproject 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 All Team Members
Proposal ( Annexure-I)
5 6 Collection of information about 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 All Team Members
Topic
6 7 Collection of relevant content / 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 All Team Members
materials for the execution of
Microproject.
7 8 Discussion and submission of 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 All Team Members
outline of the Microproject.
8 9 Analysis / execution of 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 Bajirao Rathod
Collected data / information and
preparation of Prototypes /
drawings / photos / charts /
graphs / tables / circuits / Models
/ programs etc.
9 10 Completion of Contents of 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 Dinesh Rathod
Project Report
10 11 Completion of Weekly progress 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 Vishwas Yadav
Report
11 12 Completion of Project Report ( 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 Ritesh Thombare
Annexure-II)
12 13 Viva voce / Delivery of 04/04/2024 05/04/2024 Bajirao Rathod
Presentation
❖ Resources Required:

Name of
Sr. Resources /
No. Materials Specification Qty Remarks
Piezoelectric Type: Lead Zirconate [Insert Essential component for energy harvesting
1 Crystals Titanate (PZT) Quantity] from mechanical stress.
[Insert Provides structural support and surface for
2 Pavement Materials Asphalt Concrete Mix Quantity] embedding piezoelectric crystals.
[Insert Required for detecting mechanical stress and
3 Sensors Type: Strain Gauges Quantity] vehicle movement.
Energy Storage Type: Lithium-ion [Insert Stores harvested electricity for later use or
4 System Batteries Quantity] distribution.
Facilitates electrical connections between
Wiring and Type: Copper Wiring, [Insert piezoelectric crystals, sensors, and energy
5 Connectors Connectors Quantity] storage system.
Protects piezoelectric crystals and wiring from
Type: Epoxy Resin [Insert environmental factors such as moisture and
6 Protective Coating Coating Quantity] corrosion.

Names of Team Members with En. Nos.

1. RATHOD BAJIRAO BANDU EN. NO. 2210920291

2. RATHOD DINESH MANSING EN. NO. 2210920293
3. CHAVAN DHIRAJ SANJAY EN. NO._____________
4. YADAV VISHWAS JAGDISH EN. NO._____________
5. THOMBARE RITESH SANTOSH EN. NO.______________
 (To be approved by the concerned teacher)
Annexure-II

Micro-Project Report
Format for Micro-Project Report (Minimum 4 pages)

Title of Micro-Project:-

Rationale:The rationale for piezoelectric roads stems from the urgent need to address energy
consumption, environmental degradation, and infrastructure sustainability in modern societies.
Piezoelectric roads present a groundbreaking solution by capitalizing on the mechanical energy
generated by vehicular movement to produce electricity. This innovative technology offers
several compelling advantages:

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:-

The micro-project on piezoelectric roads aims to revolutionize transportation infrastructure by harnessing the
mechanical energy generated by moving vehicles. Benefits include sustainable energy generation, reduction
of carbon emissions, and improved urban infrastructure resilience. By converting mechanical stress into
electricity, these roads offer a renewable energy source to power nearby infrastructure, such as streetlights and
traffic signals. Additionally, they promote the adoption of electric vehicles by providing charging stations
powered by clean, renewable energy. Overall, piezoelectric roads represent a significant step towards creating
smarter, more sustainable cities with reduced environmental impact and enhanced energy efficiency in
transportation systems.

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved

a) Understanding of Piezoelectricity

Demonstrated comprehension of piezoelectric effect and its application in energy conversion for
road infrastructure.
Applied principles to design and analyze piezoelectric road systems effectively.

b) Environmental Impact Assessment

Evaluated the environmental benefits of piezoelectric roads, including reductions in carbon

emissions and air pollution.
Analyzed case studies to assess the long-term sustainability of sustainable transportation projects.

c) Economic Analysis and Viability

Conducted thorough cost-benefit analyses to determine the economic feasibility of piezoelectric

road implementation.
Explored various revenue models and funding mechanisms for sustainable transportation
infrastructure.

d) Technological Integration and Innovation

Investigated challenges and opportunities in integrating piezoelectric systems into existing road
networks.
• Proposed innovative solutions to enhance the efficiency and durability of piezoelectric road
infrastructure.
4.0 Literature Review:-

As an AI language model, I don't have direct access to external sources or databases, including specific
literature or resources. However, I can suggest the types of sources typically relevant for a literature review
on piezoelectric roads:

❖ Scientific Journals: Academic journals in engineering, materials science, renewable energy, and
transportation often publish research articles on piezoelectric materials, energy harvesting
technologies, and infrastructure innovations.
❖ Conference Proceedings: Proceedings from conferences and symposiums related to civil
engineering, transportation engineering, and sustainable infrastructure may contain research
findings and case studies on piezoelectric road projects.
❖ Government Reports: Reports from government agencies, such as transportation departments or
environmental agencies, might provide information on initiatives, regulations, and funding related
to sustainable transportation infrastructure.
❖ Industry Publications: Magazines, newsletters, and websites focusing on engineering,
infrastructure development, and renewable energy may feature articles, interviews, and case studies
relevant to piezoelectric road technologies.
❖ Books and Monographs: Textbooks, reference books, and monographs on topics like energy
harvesting, smart infrastructure, and sustainable transportation systems may provide background
information and theoretical frameworks for understanding piezoelectric road projects.
❖ Patents: Patent databases can offer insights into innovative technologies and designs related to
piezoelectric roads, potentially revealing new developments and intellectual property in the field.
❖ Academic Theses and Dissertations: Graduate theses and dissertations in relevant fields may
contain original research, methodologies, and findings related to piezoelectric road technologies
and their applications.

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed

INTRODUCTION:
Energy harvesting is an area of active research. Many methods have been employed for harvesting energy from
the environment. The most familiar ambient energy source is solar power. Other examples include electromagnetic
fields (used in RF powered ID tags, inductively powered smart cards, etc.), thermal gradients, fluid flow, energy
produced by the human body, and the action of gravitational fields. Finally, vibrational energy can be used as an
ambient source. A power generator based on transducing mechanical vibrations can be enclosed to protect it from
a harsh environment, and it functions in a constant temperature field. The most immediate applications for such a
device is to power micro sensors and/or low power very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits. Aggressive power
scaling trends over the last decade have resulted in power consumption in only the 10’s to 100’s of μW for low to
medium throughput Digital Signal Processing (DSP) circuits and other digital VLSI circuits. As these power trends
improve, energy harvesting devices become more viable as portable power sources over ordinary chemical
batteries. Digital VLSI technology requires an “on” voltage of approximately 3V or more. In order to accomplish
such a high voltage, the piezoelectric energy harvesting method is most useful, especially with the d33 piezoelectric
mode.
From historical point of view, the first demonstration of the piezoelectric effect was given in 1880 by the brothers
Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie using crystals of tourmaline, quartz, topaz, cane sugar, and Rochelle salt (sodium
potassium tartrate tetra hydrate) [1]. While this was a scientific curiosity for the next third of a century, with the
work of Langevin it produced one of the principal electromechanical transducer Application of Piezoelectric
Materials in Smart Roads and MEMS, PMPG Power … (Aqsa Abbasi) 858 effects. Quartz, first used as a
transducer, also received wide use in controlling oscillators and in selective wave filters. Quartz was soon replaced
by Rochelle salt for transducers. This is a rather unstable crystal, which, however, was the first ferroelectric having
an intrinsic polarization between its two Curie temperatures. In this paper, we have reviewed technique to generate
electric power by using special crystal named as pyroelectric crystal. A material somewhat similar to a ferroelectric
is electrets. These have become very useful in transmitters and receivers. Finally, thin films of piezoelectric crystals
are useful for producing high frequencies in such devices as the acoustic microscope [2].
However the basic piezoelectricity deals with the ability of some materials - most notably crystals and certain
ceramics, including bone - to generate an electric potential in response to applied pressure. Piezoelectric materials
may include Quartz crystal, PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate).
The Piezoelectric Micro Power Generator (PMPG) is a MEMS based device designed to harvest vibrational energy
from the ambient source. It can generate a high open circuit voltage suitable for voltage rectification and for
powering low power VLSI circuits. We envision that several PMPG devices could generate power on the order of
10 μW within an area of approximately 1 mm aquare. PZT thin films have attracted attention for many applications
such as accelerometers, force sensors, actuators, gyroscopes, micro pumps, tunable optics, ferroelectric RAM, and
display systems. PZT MEMS devices have many advantages such as fine resolution, large force generation, fast
response time, zero magnetic fields, low power consumption, vacuum and clean room compatibility and operation
at cryogenic temperatures. However, it is more difficult to fabricate a PZT MEMS device versus a similar beam-
structured electrostatic device because PZT film is not a normal material for general silicon processing, often
requiring many more mask steps [8]. Piezoelectric d31 type sensors and actuators have a cantilever beam structure
that consists of a membrane film, bottom electrode, piezoelectric film, and top electrode. The d31 type devices
require many mask steps (3~5 masks) for patterning of each layer while have very low induced voltage.

The main object is to investigate the role of PMPG, MEMS power generation in piezoelectric network for smart
roads. The remainder of the paper is arranged as follows. Section-2 provides the origin of piezoelectric effect in
crystal. The detail of the proposed technique has been discussed in section-4. Simulation parameters and results
have been given in section-5. Based upon the simulation results, conclusions have been drawn and some
recommendations for future work have been proposed in section-6.
ORIGIN OF PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT IN CRYSTAL
The origin of the piezoelectric effect was, in general, clear from the very beginning. The displacement of ions from
their equilibrium positions caused by a mechanical stress in crystals that lack a centre of symmetry must result in
the generation of an electric moment, i.e., in electric polarization. Attempts to calculate the piezo constants of a
crystal based on this model were first undertaken by the brothers Curie as

Figure 1. Origin of piezoelectric effect and polarization

We assume that some crystals have spontaneous polarization. Thus, only some crystals like pyroelectric crystals
that have an unique polar axis, along which the spontaneous polarization exists, are considered. These are the
crystals of classes 6mm, 4mm, mm2, 6, 4, 3m, 3, 2, m, and 1. For reasons that are obvious, crystals of class 1 will
not be considered further. The special polar axis—crystallophysical axis X3—coincides with the axes L6, L4, L3,
and L2 of the crystals or lies in the unique plane P (class “m”). Thus, all considered crystals have spontaneous
polarization Ps = P3. We believe that the piezoelectric effect in pyroelectric crystals arises as a result of changes in
their spontaneous polarization under external effects (electric fields, mechanical stresses). Moreover, we believe
this mechanism can be regarded as the governing factor. Let us demonstrate, in general terms, that the piezoelectric
effect in these crystals is really a result of changes in Ps caused by the applied electric field or mechanical stress
[3]. For example, if one starts to deform such a crystal, its constituent particles will be slightly displaced from their
equilibrium positions as shown in following Figure 2.
 Figure 2. Deformation of crystal.

Accordingly, this results in the displacement of the electric centres of positive and negative charges of an
elementary cell from equilibrium positions, i.e., the spontaneous polarization of the crystal changes. Generally, this
change will have the components along all three axes of ΔPs = (ΔP1, ΔP2, ΔP3) [4]. Let us suppose that a first
approximation, ΔPs = (ΔP1, ΔP2, ΔP3) is proportional to the mechanical stresses causing it, i.e., ΔPi = dikl Tkl
where Tkl represents the mechanical stress and dikl represents the piezoelectric modules. If one accepts their values
in the absence of mechanical stresses or an electric field as a reference point for the polarization state and for the
electric induction, then ΔPi or ΔDi can just be substituted by Pi or Di, and the piezoelectric effect equations keep
their conventional form.

PIEZOELECTRICITY AND POWER GENERATION USING TRANSVERSE MODE THIN FILM PZT
AND MEMS, PMPG

As piezoelectric effect converts mechanical strain into electric current or voltage and generates electric energy from
weight, motion, vibration and temperature changes. Considering piezoelectric effect in thin film lead zirconate
titanate, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), MEMS power generating device is developed [5]. It is designed to resonate at specific
frequencies from an external vibration energy source, thereby creating electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect
using electromechanical damped mass

Figure 3. Schematic of generating vibration convertor

PMPG devices should be designed so that they mechanically resonate at a frequency tuned to the ambientvibration
source in order to generate maximum electrical power
 Figure 4. Two modes of piezoelectric conversion from input mechanical stress

PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS NETWORK FOR SMART ROAD

The present invention relates generally to methods of electrical power generation, and more particularly is a
method and device to generate electricity by using traffic on existing roadways to drive an electrical generator [6].
This paper provides technical review for the production of electric power using PZT, MEMS, PMPG in
piezoelectric roads-Harvest traffic energy to generate electricity

Figure 5. Network for smart roads and generation of electric voltage

Since Energy demand and heavy traffic correlation motivate to dream about a device in the road that would harvest
the energy from the vehicles driving over it. For this, embed piezoelectric material beneath a road can provide the
magic of converting pressure exerted by the moving vehicles into electric current. The method uses an electrical
generation device installed beneath the roadbed. The electrical generation device includes a pressure plate covered
with one or more protection layers which lie beneath the surface of the road.
In this process, piezoelectric material is embedded beneath the road with the electrical generating device. For a
road with embedded piezoelectric generators, part of the energy the vehicle expands on roads deformation is
transformed into electric energy (via direct piezoelectric effect) instead of being wasted as thermal energy (heat).
6.0 Actual Resources Used (Mention the actual resources used).

Sr. Name of
No. Resource/Material Specifications Qty Remarks
Type: Lead Zirconate [Insert Essential for energy harvesting from
1 Piezoelectric Crystals Titanate (PZT) Quantity] mechanical stress.
[Insert Provides structural support and surface for
2 Pavement Materials Asphalt Concrete Mix Quantity] embedding piezoelectric crystals.
[Insert Detects mechanical stress and vehicle
3 Sensors Type: Strain Gauges Quantity] movement for data collection.
Type: Lithium-ion [Insert Stores harvested electricity for later use or
4 Energy Storage System Batteries Quantity] distribution.
Facilitates electrical connections between
Type: Copper Wiring, [Insert piezoelectric crystals, sensors, and energy
5 Wiring and Connectors Connectors Quantity] storage system.
Type: Epoxy Resin [Insert Protects piezoelectric crystals and wiring
6 Protective Coating Coating Quantity] from environmental factors.

7.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects

• Prototype Development: Design and development of a small-scale prototype of a piezoelectric road
segment, demonstrating the feasibility of the concept.
• Data Collection and Analysis: Collection of data on traffic patterns, vehicle weight, and energy
generation from the piezoelectric road segment.
• Energy Generation Analysis: Analysis of the amount of electricity generated by the piezoelectric
road segment under various traffic conditions.
• Efficiency Evaluation: Evaluation of the efficiency of energy conversion from mechanical stress
(caused by passing vehicles) to electrical energy.
• Environmental Impact Assessment: Assessment of the environmental impact of implementing
piezoelectric roads, including factors such as reduced carbon emissions and noise pollution.
• Cost-Benefit Analysis: Analysis of the economic viability of implementing piezoelectric roads,
considering factors such as installation costs, maintenance expenses, and energy generation potential.
• Feasibility Study: Examination of the technical, economic, and logistical feasibility of scaling up the
technology for broader implementation.
• Public Awareness and Engagement: Outreach activities to raise awareness about the potential
benefits of piezoelectric roads and engage stakeholders, including local communities and government
agencies.
• Research Findings: Documentation of research findings, including any innovations or insights gained
during the course of the micro-project.
• Recommendations for Further Development: Recommendations for further research and
development to optimize the design, efficiency, and implementation of piezoelectric roads.
8.0 Skill Developed/Learning outcome of this Micro-Project

• Technical Skills: Participants may develop skills related to engineering, materials science, and
electronics through the design, construction, and testing of piezoelectric road prototypes.
• Data Analysis: They may gain proficiency in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data related to
traffic patterns, energy generation, and environmental impact.
• Problem-Solving: Participants can enhance their ability to identify and address technical challenges
associated with implementing piezoelectric roads, such as optimizing energy conversion efficiency and
durability.
• Project Management: In planning and executing the micro-project, individuals may learn project
management skills, including task organization, resource allocation, and time management.
• Communication Skills: Collaborating with team members and stakeholders involves effective
communication, including conveying technical concepts to non-technical audiences and presenting
findings convincingly.
• Critical Thinking: Engaging in the evaluation of the feasibility, efficiency, and sustainability of
piezoelectric roads can foster critical thinking skills, enabling individuals to assess complex problems
and propose innovative solutions.
• Interdisciplinary Understanding: Piezoelectric roads involve elements from various disciplines,
such as engineering, physics, environmental science, and economics. Participants can gain an
interdisciplinary understanding of these topics and their interconnectedness.
• Innovation and Creativity: Exploring novel applications of piezoelectric technology and addressing
real-world challenges encourages creativity and innovation among participants.
• Environmental Awareness: Through studying the environmental impact of piezoelectric roads,
individuals may develop a deeper understanding of sustainable infrastructure and its role in addressing
environmental issues.
• Professional Development: Participation in the micro-project can contribute to the professional
development of individuals by providing hands-on experience, networking opportunities, and potential
pathways for future research or employment in related fields.

9.0 Applications of this Micro-Project:- (In about 30 to 50 words)

The micro-project on piezoelectric roads offers applications in sustainable infrastructure, energy
harvesting, and transportation. It aims to generate electricity from vehicle movement, potentially
powering streetlights, traffic signals, and electric vehicle charging stations, while also reducing carbon
emissions and promoting renewable energy integration into urban environments.
 Annexure-IV
MICRO-PROJECT EVOLUTION SHEET

Name of Student:-____________________________________________En. No._____________________

Name of Program:-___________________________________________ Semester:-__________________
Course Name:- ______________________________________________ Course Code:-_______________
Title of The Micro-Project:- ______________________________________________________________
Course Outcomes Achieved:-
a)_______________________________________________________________________
b)_______________________________________________________________________
c)_______________________________________________________________________
d)_______________________________________________________________________
e)_______________________________________________________________________
Sr. Poor Average Good Excellent Sub
Characteristic to be Total
No. assessed (Marks1-3) (Marks4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks9-10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Convert Below total marks out of 6Marks)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature
Review/information
collection
3 Completion of the Target
as Per project proposal
4 Analysis of Data and
representation
5
Quality of Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva(Convert Below total marks out of 4Marks)
7 Presentation
8
Viva

(A) (B)
Process and Product Individual Presentation/ Total Marks
Assessment (6 marks) Viva (4 marks) 10

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Name of Course Teacher:-_______________________________________

Dated Signature:-__________________