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Section 7.1: Angles, Arc Length, and Circular Motion: Learning Objectives

This document discusses angles, arc length, and circular motion. It covers converting between decimal and degree/minute/second angle measures, finding arc length and area of sectors for circles, converting between degrees and radians, and calculating linear speed for objects in circular motion.

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tahtae0918
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43 views

Section 7.1: Angles, Arc Length, and Circular Motion: Learning Objectives

This document discusses angles, arc length, and circular motion. It covers converting between decimal and degree/minute/second angle measures, finding arc length and area of sectors for circles, converting between degrees and radians, and calculating linear speed for objects in circular motion.

Uploaded by

tahtae0918
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section 7.

1: Angles, Arc Length, and Circular Motion


Learning Objectives:
1. Angles and degree measures
2. Convert between decimal and degree, minute, second measures for angles
3. Find the length of an arc of a circle
4. Convert from degrees to radians and from radians to degrees
5. Find the area of a sector of a circle
6. Find the linear speed of an object traveling in circular motion

Trigonometric functions (also called circular functions) are functions of an angle. They are used to relate the
angles of a triangle to the lengths of the sides of a triangle. They are important in the modeling of periodic
phenomena, among many other applications.

1
Chapter 7 Trigonometric Functions
Convert between Decimal and Degree, Minute, Second
Measures for Angles

When measuring angles in degrees, fractions of a degree are often represented in minutes and seconds. Note
that the words minute and second used in this context have no immediate connection to how those words are
used as amounts of time. Degrees, minutes, and seconds are used for things like latitude and longitude on
topographic maps and so it is important to know how to convert from D°MʹSʹʹ to decimal form and the reverse.

In a full circle, there are 360°. Each degree is split up into 60 parts, each part called minutes. One minute,
1
denoted by 1ʹ is of a degree, so 60 minutes equals one degree (written 60ʹ = 1°). One second, denoted by
60
1
1ʹʹ is of a minute (written 60ʹʹ= 1ʹ)
60

Example. Convert between Decimals and DMS


Round the answer to four decimal places.
(a) Convert 45°10ʹ15ʹʹ into decimal form. (b) Convert 34°15ʹ27ʹʹ into decimal form.

Round the answer to the nearest second.


(c) Convert 12.87° into D°MʹSʹʹ. (d) Convert 1.53° into D°MʹSʹʹ.

3
Chapter 7 Trigonometric Functions

Radians represent another way of measuring an angle. This is the preferred measurement used in Calculus.
The radian measure, θ of an angle is the measure of the ratio of length of the arc it spans on the circle to the
length of the radius, or
arc length
= = .
radius

Since radius and arc length are measured in the same units, θ or radians do not have units of length. Solving
the above equation for s, we obtain the following theorem:

Example: Find the Arc Length of a Circle


Find the length of the arc of a circle of radius 4 meters subtended by a central angle of 0.5 radian.

Example: Position on a Lake


You walk 5 miles around a circular lake. Give an angle in radians which represents your final position relative to
your starting point if the radius of the lake is 2 miles.
Convert from Degrees to Radians and from Radians to Degrees

Example: Convert from Degrees to Radians and Vice Versa


Convert from each angle in degrees to radians. Express answer in exact form and rounded to two decimal
places.
(a) 80° (b) 140° (c) -30° (d) 100°

Example: Convert from Degrees to Radians and Vice Versa


Convert from each angle in radians to degrees. Express answer in exact form and rounded to two decimal
places.
−3  8
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
5 3 3

Example: Position on a Lake


Going back to Example 4, if you walk 5 miles around a circular lake that has a radius of 2 miles, what is your
final position in degrees relative to your starting point?

5
Chapter 7 Trigonometric Functions
Example: Converting from Degrees to Radians
Complete the table below, using exact measures.

 (degrees) 0 30 45 60 90 180 270 360


 (radians)
 (approx.
radians)

Find the Area of a Sector of a Circle

Example: Find the Area of a Sector of a Circle


Find the area of the sector of a circle of radius 5 feet formed by an angle of 40°. Round the answer to two
decimal places.
Find the Linear Speed of an Object Traveling in Circular Motion

Example: A child is spinning a rock at the end of a 2-foot rope at the rate of 180 rpm. Find the linear speed of
the rock when it is released.

Example: Find the Linear Speed of an Object


Earth rotates on an axis through its poles. The distance from the
axis to a location on Earth 40° north latitude is about 3033.5 miles.
Therefore, a location on Earth at 40° north latitude is spinning on a
circle of radius 3033.5 miles. Compute the linear speed on the
surface of Earth at 40° north latitude.

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