MATHEMATICS

GRADE 12

EXERCISES LEARNER MANUAL

Euclidean Geometry
 Euclidean Geometry
Outline : Grade10
1. Revise basic results established in earlier
grades regarding lines, angles and Grade12
triangles, especially the similarity and 1. Revise earlier work on the necessary and
congruence of triangles. sufficient conditions for polygons to be similar.
2. Investigate line segments joining the
mid-points of two sides of a triangle. 2. Prove (accepting results established in earlier
3. Define the following special grades):
quadrilaterals: the kite, parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square and
 that a line drawn parallel to one side of a
trapezium. Investigate and make
triangle divides the other two sides
conjectures about the properties of the
proportionally (and the Mid-point Theorem as
sides, angles, diagonals and areas of
a special case of this theorem) ;
these quadrilaterals. Prove these
 that equiangular triangles are similar;
conjectures.
 that triangles with sides in proportion are
Solve problems and prove riders using the similar; and
properties of parallel lines, triangles and  the Pythagorean Theorem by similar triangles
quadrilaterals.
Grade11
1. Revise the Grade 10 work.
Accept results established in earlier grades
as axioms and also that a tangent to a circle
is perpendicular to the radius, drawn to the
point of contact.
Then investigate and prove the theorems of
the geometry of circles:

Parts
 The line drawn from the centre of a
circle perpendicular to a chord bisects
the chord;
 The perpendicular bisector of a chord
passes through the centre of the circle;
 The angle subtended by an arc at the
centre of a circle is double the size of Part 1 : Grade 11 and earlier Grades work
the angle subtended by the same arc at
the circle (on the same side of the chord Part 2 : Grade 12: Similiraity and Proportionality and / or earlier grades
as the centre);
 Angles subtended by a chord of the Part 3 : More on Euclidean Geometry
circle, on the same side of the chord,
are equal; Annexure A: Facts, Theorems, converse and corollaries
 The opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral are supplementary; Annexure B: Acceptable reasons
 Two tangents drawn to a circle from the
same point outside the circle are equal Annexure C: Theorems examinable
in length;
 The angle between the tangent to a
circle and the chord drawn from the
point of contact is equal to the angle in
the alternate segment.
Use the above theorems and their
converses, where they exist, to solve riders.
1
 2
GIVE REASONS FOR YOUR STATEMENTS
Part 1
QUESTION 1

1.1 Complete the statements below by filling in the missing word(s) to make the
statements correct.

1.1.1 The angle between a tangent and a chord is …

1.1.2 The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to …

1.2 In the diagram below O is the centre of the circle. PQRS is cyclic quadrilateral.

.O
S
Q

Redraw the diagram or use the diagram on DIAGRAM SHEET 2 to prove the
theorem which states that ̂ ̂ .

1.3 In the diagram below, AST is a tangent to a circle O at S.

̂ ̂ and QR = RS.

3 Q
2 1
O
1

43 2
5 1
A S T

Calculate, with reasons, the sizes of:

1.3.1 ̂

1.3.2 ̂

1.3.3 ̂

1.3.4 ̂
3
QUESTION 2

2.1 In the diagram below, AB is a chord of a circle with centre O.

D is a point on the circle. OD is perpendicular to AB. OA = 25 cm and CD = 18 cm.

A B
C

Calculate, with reasons, the length of AB.

2.2 In the diagram below, QOB is the diameter of the circle with centre O. PR||QB,
QB RS and ̂ . P, R and S are points on the circle.

R T S

B
2.2.1 Determine, with reasons, three other angles each equal to .

2.2.2 Determine, with reasons:

(a) ̂

(b) ̂

(c) ̂

(d) ̂

4
QUESTION 3

12.1 In the diagram below, ABC is a tangent at B to the circle with centre O.
D and E are points on this circle. ̂ .

E D

O.

x
A B C

3.1.1 Express in terms of x:

(a) ̂

(b) ̂

3.1.2 Prove that AB is NOT a tangent to circle OEB.

3.2 In the diagram, chords AR and CP intersect inside the circle.

AR and CP are respectively produced to B and D such that AC || DB.

D
P
A

C R
B

Prove that PDBR is a cyclic quadrilateral.

5
QUESTION 4

4.1 Complete the statement so that it is valid:

The line drawn from the centre of the circle perpendicular to the chord …

4.2 In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle. The diameter DE is perpendicular to the
chord PQ at C. DE = 20 cm and CE = 2 cm.

C
O
Q

Calculate the length of the following with reasons:

4.2.1 OC

4.2.2 PQ

6
QUESTION 5

5.1 In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle and A, B and D are points on the circle.
Use Euclidean geometry methods to prove the theorem which states that
AÔB = 2AD̂B .
D

A
B
5.2 In the diagram, M is the centre of the circle. A, B, C, K and T lie on the circle.
AT produced and CK produced meet in N. Also NA = NC and B̂ = 38° .
B

38°

C M

A
1 2
3
K
4 1
2 T

N
5.2.1 Calculate, with reasons, the size of the following angles:

(a) KM̂A

(b) T̂2

(c) Ĉ

(d) K̂ 4

5.2.2 Show that NK = NT.

5.2.3 Prove that AMKN is a cyclic quadrilateral.

7
QUESTION 6

6.1 Complete the following statement so that it is valid:

The angle between a chord and a tangent at the point of contact is …

6.2 In the diagram, EA is a tangent to circle ABCD at A.

AC is a tangent to circle CDFG at C.
CE and AG intersect in D.
B

C 1
2
3 3
2 A
x1
5
4
3 2 1
2
1 D
G 2
1
F y
2 1

If  1 = x and Ê 1 = y, prove the following with reasons:

6.2.1 BCG || AE

6.2.2 AE is a tangent to circle FED

6.2.3 AB = AC

8
QUESTION 7

In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle. Diameter LR subtends LK̂R at the
circumference of the circle. N is another point on the circumference and chords LN and KN
are drawn. L̂1 = 58° .

L
1
2 58° K
1
2

N
R

Calculate, giving reasons, the size of:

7.1 LK̂R

7.2 R̂

7.3 N̂

9
QUESTION 8

8.1 In the diagram below, PT is a diameter of the circle with centre O. M and S are
points on the circle on either side of PT.
MP, MT, MS and OS are drawn.

M 2 = 37° M
2 T
1 37°

O 2
1

P
Calculate, with reasons, the size of:

8.1.1 M1


8.1.2 O1

8.2 In the diagram O is the centre of the circle. KM and LM are tangents to the circle
at K and L respectively. T is a point on the circumference of the circle. KT and
TL are joined. Ô1 = 106°.
K

O 1 106° 1 T
2 M

8.2.1 Calculate, with reasons, the size of T̂1 .

8.2.2 Prove that quadrilateral OKML is a kite.

8.2.3 Prove that quadrilateral OKML is a cyclic quadrilateral.

8.2.4 Calculate, with reasons, the size of M̂ .

10
QUESTION 9

In the diagram M is the centre of the circle passing through points L, N and P.
PM is produced to K. KLMN is a cyclic quadrilateral in the larger circle having KL = MN.
LP is joined. KM̂L  20 .

1 2
L
2

20°
1
M
2 4
3

1
1
2 2
N P

9.1 Write down, with a reason, the size of NK̂M .

9.2 Give a reason why KN | | LM.

9.3 Prove that KL = LM.

9.4 Calculate, with reasons, the size of:

9.4.1 KN̂M

9.4.2 LP̂N

11
QUESTION 10

10.1 Use the sketch in the SPECIAL ANSWER BOOK to prove the theorem which states
that BÂT  Ĉ .

C B

O

P
A T

10.2 In the diagram PQ is a tangent to the circle QST at Q such that QT is a chord of
the circle and TS produced meets the tangent at P. R is a point on QT such that
PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral in another circle. PR, QS and RS are joined.
P
1 2

1 S
2 3
1
Q 2 1 2 3
T
R

10.2.1 Give a reason for each statement. Write down only the reason next to the
question number in the SPECIAL ANSWER BOOK.

Statement Reason

Q̂1  T̂ 10.2.1 (a)

Q̂2  P̂2 10.2.1 (b)

10.2.2 Prove that PQR is an isosceles triangle.

10.2.3 Prove that PR is a tangent to the circle RST at point R.

12
QUESTION 11

In the diagram, the vertices A, B and C of ∆ABC are concyclic. EB and EC are tangents
to the circle at B and C respectively. T is a point on AB such that TE | | AC. BC cuts
TE in F.

B
2 1

T 3 F 2
2 E
1 1

2 3
1
A C

11.1 Prove that B̂ = T̂ .

1 3

11.2 Prove that TBEC is a cyclic quadrilateral.

11.3 Prove that ET bisects BT̂C .

11.4 If it is given that TB is a tangent to the circle through B, F and E, prove that
TB = TC.

11.5 Hence, prove that T is the centre of the circle through A, B and C.

13
QUESTION 12

12.1 In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle. A, B and C are points on the
circumference of the circle. Chords AC and BC and radii AO, BO and CO are
drawn. Â = x and B̂ = y .

1 2

O
1 2

x
y

A
B

12.1.1 Determine the size of Ô1 in terms of x.

12.1.2 Hence, prove the theorem that states that the angle subtended by an arc
at the centre is equal to twice the angle subtended by the same arc at
the circumference, that is AÔB = 2AĈB.

14
12.2 In the diagram, PQ is a common chord of the two circles. The centre, M, of the
larger circle lies on the circumference of the smaller circle. PMNQ is a cyclic
quadrilateral in the smaller circle. QN is produced to R, a point on the larger circle.
NM produced meets the chord PR at S. P̂2 = x.

P
2
1

x S
1 2

1 M
R

2
1
1 2 N
Q

12.2.1 Give a reason why N̂ 2 = x.

12.2.2 Write down another angle equal in size to x. Give a reason.

12.2.3 Determine the size of R̂ in terms of x.

12.2.4 Prove that PS = SR.

15
QUESTION 13

13.1 Complete: The line drawn from the centre of the circle perpendicular to the chord …

13.2 In the figure below, AB and CD are chords of the circle with centre O. OE ┴ AB.
CF = FD. OE = 4 cm, OF = 3 cm and CD = 8 cm.

B
D

E . O

13.2.1 Calculate the length of OD.

13.2.2 Hence calculate the length of AB.

16
QUESTION 14

14.1 In the diagram O is the centre of the circle and ABC are points on the circle. Use the
diagram in your SPECIAL ANSWER BOOK to prove that: ̂ ̂ .

.O

B
A
(6)

14.2 In the figure below, ̂ and O is the centre of the circle. A, B, E C and D
are points on the circumference. Calculate, giving reasons, the sizes of:

A B
1

E
O 1

25°
C
1
D

14.2.1 ̂

14.2.2 ̂

14.2.3 ̂

14.2.4 ̂

17
QUESTION 15

A, B, C and D are points on the circumference of the circle in the diagram below. ECF is a
tangent at C, B1 = B2.

F
A

1
2
3
C
1 2 4

15.1 If B1 = x, find, with reasons, TWO other angles equal to x.

15.2 Hence, show that DC bisects ̂ .

18
QUESTION 16

16.1 Complete: Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral …

16.2 In the figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. AB ║ DC in circle with centre O. BC

and AD produced meet at M. D3 = x

1 C
2

O 1

2
1 3
A M
D

16.2.1 Show that MC = MD.

16.2.2 If D3 = x, determine the value of ̂ , in terms of x.

16.2.3 Hence, show that BODM is a cyclic quadrilateral.

19
Part 2
QUESTION 1

In the figure below, PQ is a diameter to circle PWRQ. SP is a tangent to the circle at P.

∧
Let P1 = x

P Q
1
x 2
2 1

W 2
1 1 2
1
T 3
2 R

∧
1.1 Why is P R Q = 90°?
∧ ∧
1.2 Prove that P1 = S .

1.3 Prove that SRWT is a cylic quadrilateral.

1.4 Prove that ∆QWR /// ∆QST.

1.5 If QW = 5 cm, TW = 3 cm, QR = 4 cm and WR = 2 cm, calculate the length of:

1.5.1 TS

1.5.2 SR

20
QUESTION 2

In the figure below, ∆ABC has D and E on BC. BD = 6 cm and DC = 9 cm.

AT : TC = 2 : 1 and AD || TE.

F
C
E
D
B

CE
2.1 Write down the numerical value of
ED
2.2 Show that D is the midpoint of BE.

2.3 If FD = 2 cm, calculate the length of TE.

2.4 Calculate the numerical value of:

Area of ∆ADC
2.4.1
Area of ∆ABD

Area of ∆TEC
2.4.2
Area of ∆ABC

21
QUESTION 3

AB
In the figure below, GB || FC and BE || CD. AC = 6 cm and = 2.
BC

G
H

B
F

3.1 Calculate with reasons:

3.1.1 AH : ED

BE
3.1.2
CD

3.2 If HE = 2 cm, calculate the value of AD × HE.

22
QUESTION 4

In the figure below, AB is a tangent to the circle with centre O. AC = AO and BA || CE. DC
produced, cuts tangent BA at B.

1
A
E 2
2 3 4
1

2
1 F
3
4 B
2
3
O
1
C

2
1

4.1 Show Ĉ2 = D̂1 .

4.2 Prove that ΔACF ||| ΔADC.

4.3 Prove that AD = 4AF.

23
 QUESTION 5
5.1 ED is a diameter of the circle, with centre O. ED is extended to C. CA is a tangent to
the circle at B. AO intersects BE at F. BD || AO. Ê = x .
C

2 D
1
4
B 3
1 2
1
2 O
1 3
2
F

x
A

5.1.1 Write down, with reasons, THREE other angles equal to x.

5.1.2 Determine, with reasons, CB̂E in terms of x.

5.1.3 Prove that F is the midpoint of BE.

5.1.4 Prove that ∆CBD ||| ∆CEB.

5.1.5 Prove that 2EF.CB = CE.BD.

QUESTION 6

In the diagram below M is the centre of the circle. FEC is a tangent to the circle at E. D is the
midpoint of AB.
F

A ||
||
D
B C

6.1 Prove MDCE is a cyclic quadrilateral.

6.2 Prove that MC2 = MB2 + DC2 – DB2.
6.3 Calculate CE if AB = 60 mm, ME = 40 mm and BC = 20 mm. 24
QUESTION 7

CD is a tangent to circle ABDEF at D. Chord AB is produced to C. Chord BE cuts chord

AD in H and chord FD in G. AC || FD and FE = AB. Let D̂ 4 = x and D̂ 1 = y .
A

B 1

3 2
3 H
2 1 G
3
1 1
2
3 2 2
1 E
4
C D

7.1 Determine THREE other angles that are each equal to x.

7.2 Prove that ΔBHD ||| ΔFED.

7.3 Hence, or otherwise, prove that AB.BD = FD.BH.

QUESTION 8

ABCD is a parallelogram with diagonals intersecting at F. FE is drawn parallel to CD.

AC is produced to P such that PC = 2AC and AD is produced to Q such that DQ = 2AD.

B A

F E

C
D

P Q

8.1 Show that E is the midpoint of AD.

8.2 Prove PQ || FE.

8.3 If PQ is 60 cm, calculate the length of FE.

25
QUESTION 9
9.1 If in ∆ LMN and ∆ FGH it is given that L̂ = F̂ and M̂ = Ĝ , prove the theorem that
LM LN
states = .
FG FH
L

M N
F

G H

9.2 In the diagram below, ∆VRK has P on VR and T on VK such that PT || RK.
VT = 4 units, PR = 9 units, TK = 6 units and VP = 2x – 10 units.
Calculate the value of x.
V

2x – 10 4
2x – 10
T
P
66

9
9
K

26
QUESTION 10

O is the centre of the circle CAKB.

AK produced intersects circle AOBT at T.
AĈB = x

C
x B
1 T
4
2 3
1
O 2
K

1 2 3

10.1 Prove that T̂ = 180° − 2 x .

10.2 Prove AC || KB.

10.3 Prove ∆BKT ||| ∆CAT

AC
10.4 If AK : KT = 5 : 2, determine the value of
KB

27
 QUESTION 11

BQ 3 BR 1
In the figure AQ || RT, = and = .
QC 5 RA 2

R
P

B C
T Q

11.1 If BT = k, calculate TQ in terms of k.

11.2 Hence, or otherwise, calculate the numerical value of:

CP
11.2.1
PR

11.2.2 Area ΔRCT

Area ΔABC
QUESTION 12

In the figure below DE || FG || BC.

AD = 36 cm, DF = 24 cm, AE = 48 cm and DE = GC = 40 cm. A

36
48
D
24 40
F
E

G
Determine, with reasons, the lengths of:

12.1 EG 40

12.2 BC C

28
QUESTION 13
In the accompanying figure, AB is the diameter of circle ADCB. Chords AC and BD
intersect at E. EP is perpendicular to AB.

P
A B
1 2 1
1
2 2

2 3
1 4
E

13.1 Prove that ∆BPE ||| ∆BDA.

BP PE
13.2 Hence show that = .
BD AD

BD 2 .PE 2
13.3 Prove that AB 2 = BD 2 + .
BP 2
QUESTION 14

In ΔPQW, S is a point on PW and R is a point on QW such that SR || PQ.

T is a point on QW such that ST || PR.
RT = 6 cm
WS : SP = 3 : 2 P

Q R 6 cm T W

Calculate:

14.1 WT

14.2 WQ

29
QUESTION 15

15.1 Complete the following statement:

The angle between the tangent and the chord …

15.2 In the diagram below, two circles have a common tangent TAB. PT is a tangent to
the smaller circle. PAQ, QRT and NAR are straight lines.

Let Q̂ = x.
T

1 2

1 R

P 1

3 2 2
3
A1
4
5 6

N
x

Q
B

15.2.1 Name, with reasons, THREE other angles equal to x.

15.2.2 Prove that APTR is a cyclic quadrilateral.

30
QUESTION 16

Two circles touch each other at point A. The smaller circle passes through O, the centre of the
larger circle. Point E is on the circumference of the smaller circle. A, D, B and C are points on
the circumference of the larger circle.
OE || CA.

C
2
1 A
1
2
3
F

1
2
O 2 3
3
4
1 E
5
D

16.1 Prove, with reasons, that AE = BE.

16.2 Prove that ΔAED ||| ΔCEB.

16.3 Hence, or otherwise, show that AE 2 = DE.CE .

16.4 If AE.EB = EF.EC , show that E is the midpoint of DF.

31
QUESTION 17

ΔABC is a right-angled triangle with B̂ = 90° . D is a point on AC such that BD ⊥ AC and E is

a point on AB such that DE ⊥ AB. E and D are joined.

AD : DC = 3 : 2.
AD = 15 cm.

B C
2 x
1

3
2 2
E D
1
1

17.1 Prove that ΔBDA ||| ΔCDB.

17.2 Calculate BD (Leave your answer in surd form).

17.3 Calculate AE (Leave your answer in surd form).

32
 QUESTION 18

In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle with diameter RK.
PS ⊥ RK.
RK intersects PS at T.

•O

T
S P

18.1 If PS = 4x, write down the length of ST in terms of x.

18.2 Prove that ΔRST ||| ΔPKT.

18.3 If it is further given that TK = x and RT = 320 mm, calculate the value of x.

QUESTION 19
In the diagram below DA is a tangent to the circle ACBT at A. CT and AD are produced to
meet at P. BT is produced to cut PA at D. AC, CB, AB and AT are joined.
AC || BD
Let Â1 = x

A
3
2 1
x

2
C
1
1 D
3 2
2
4
1
T
2 P
1

19.1 Prove that ΔABC ||| ΔADT.

19.2 Prove that PT is a tangent to the circle ADT at T.

19.3 Prove that ΔAPT ||| ΔTPD.

2
19.4 If AD = AP, show that AP2 = 3PT2 . 33
3
 QUESTION 20

In the diagram below, AM is the diameter of the bigger circle AMP. RPS is a common tangent
to both circles at P. APB and MPN are straight lines.

S
M
1
70°

2 B
P1 3

6 4

A 5

20.1 State the size of P̂1 .

20.2 Hence, show that BN is the diameter of the smaller circle.

20.3 If M̂1 = 70°, calculate the size of each of the following angles:

20.3.1 Â

20.3.2 P̂6

20.3.3 B̂

34
 QUESTION 21

In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle with diameter RK.
PS ⊥ RK.
RK intersects PS at T.

•O

T
S P

21.1 If PS = 4x, write down the length of ST in terms of x.

21.2 Prove that ΔRST ||| ΔPKT.

21.3 If it is further given that TK = x and RT = 320 mm, calculate the value of x.

QUESTION 22

22.1 Use the diagram below to prove the theorem which states that if VW || YZ
XV XW
then = .
VY WZ

V W

Y Z

35
22.2 In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle. AB is a diameter of the circle.
Chord CF produced meets chord EB produced at D. Chord EC is parallel to
chord BF.
CO and AC are joined.
Let Ô1 = 2 x

1
A 3
2

2
1 2x F
O 1
2

2
3 1
E
B D

22.2.1 Determine, in terms of x, the size of F̂1 .

22.2.2 Prove that DF = BD.

22.2.3 Show that Ĉ1 = Ĉ3 .

If DF = 5 cm and OA = 6 cm, calculate area ΔBFD : area ΔAOC.

36
QUESTION 23

In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle KTUV. PKR is a tangent to the circle at K.
OÛV = 48° and KT̂U = 120°.

1
2 K
3
O 4 5

48°
2 120°
1 T
U
R

Calculate, with reasons, the sizes of the following angles:

23.1 V̂

23.2 KÔU

23.3 Û 2

23.4 K̂ 1

23.5 K̂ 2

37
QUESTION 24

In the figure AGDE is a semicircle. AC is the tangent to the semicircle at A and EG produced
intersects AC at B. AD intersects BE in F.
AG = GD. Ê 1 = x .

1 D
2 3
B 2
1
G
3
4 2
F1

x
3
2 1
2
1 E
A
A

24.1 Write down, with reasons, FOUR other angles each equal to x.

24.2 Prove that BE.DE = AE.FE

24.3 Prove that B̂1 = D̂1

38
 QUESTION 25

In the diagram, OP is the diameter of the smaller circle. O is the centre of the larger circle.
Also, PTW is a chord of the larger circle and T lies on the smaller circle. OT is joined.

1 T
2

O
W

If OT = 10 cm and PW = 48 cm, calculate the length of the radius of the smaller circle.

QUESTION 26

In the diagram, PSW and WT are tangents to circle RST at S and T respectively.
PT is drawn and intersects the circle at R. RS and ST are joined. RT = TS.
Let Ŝ1 = x and T̂2 = y .

x
1 1 S
R 2
2 3

y
1
2 W
T
26.1 Name, with reasons, THREE angles each equal to y.

26.2 Prove that ΔPRS ||| ΔPST.

26.3 Prove that PS × RT = RS × PT.

39
QUESTION 27

27.1 In ∆ABC below, D is a point on AB and E is a point on AC such that DE || BC.

AD AE
Prove, using Euclidean geometry methods, the theorem that states = .
DB EC
A

D E

B C

27.2 In the diagram below, ACH is a triangle with point B on AC and point G on AH
such that BG || CH. F is a point on AH and D is a point on HC such that
FD || AC. GB intersects FD at E.
It is also given that HD : DC = 5 : 3 and AB = 2BC.
H

E
F D

A B C

If AH = 48 cm, calculate the following with reasons:

27.2.1 HF

27.2.2 FG

27.2.3 EF : ED

40
Part 3

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ANNEXURE A

SOURCE: MIND ACTION SERIES MATHEMATICS GRADE 12

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SOURCE: MIND ACTION SERIES MATHEMATICS GRADE 12

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SOURCE: MIND ACTION SERIES MATHEMATICS GRADE 12

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SOURCE: MIND ACTION SERIES MATHEMATICS GRADE 12

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SOURCE: MIND ACTION SERIES MATHEMATICS GRADE 12

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SOURCE: MIND ACTION SERIES MATHEMATICS GRADE 12

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SOURCE: MIND ACTION SERIES MATHEMATICS GRADE 12

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ANNEXURE B
Acceptable Reason: Euclidean Geometry

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ANNEXURE C
Proofs of theorems that are examinable:
1. A line drawn from the Centre of a circle perpendicular to the chord bisects the
chord

In the diagram above, Circle centre O with chord AB. OM  AB

Prove that AM = MB
Proof:

Proof:
InOMA and OMB:
OA  OB (Radii)
OM  OM (Common)
 
M 1  M 2  90 (Given)
OMA  OMB (RHS)
 AM  MB (Congr s)

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2. Angle at the Centre of a circle is twice the angle at the circumference of the circle

Proof:

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3. Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary

 
Prove that P R  180

Proof:

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 4. The angle between a tangent to a circle and a chord drawn from the point of
contact is equal to an angle in the alternate segment

Proof:

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5. A line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two sides
proportionally

Proof:

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6. The corresponding sides of two equiangular triangles are in the same proportion
and therefore the triangles are similar

Proof:

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Sources of information (SOI):
1. DBE Mathematics Past Exam Papers
2. Mathematics CAPS document
3 . Grade 12 Mathematics Mind Action Series by J. Basson, M.D Phillips and C. Botha
4. Grade 12 Mathematics Examination Guideline