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CBSE 10th Some Applications

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CBSE 10th Some Application of Trigonometry
Solved Paper
____________________________________________________________________

Q.1 A tower stands vertically on the ground. From a point on the ground, 20 m away
from the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 600. What
is the height of the tower?
Ans.
Given
Distance between point of observation and foot of tower  20m = BC
Angle of elevation of top of tower  60  0
Height of tower H = ? = AB

Now from fig ABC

ABC is a right angle
1 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
=
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 (𝐴𝐵)
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 (𝐵𝐶)
𝐴𝐵
𝑖. 𝑒. , tan 60 =
20

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= 𝐴𝐵 = 20 𝑡𝑎𝑛 60

= 𝐻 = 20√3

= 20√3

 Height of tower 𝐻 = 20√3𝑚

Q.2 A ladder is placed along a wall of a house such that its upper end is touching the top
of the wall. The foot of the ladder is 2 m away from the wall and the ladder is
making an angle of 600 with the level of the ground. Determine the height of the
wall.
Ans.

Distance between foot and ladder and wall  2m = BC

Angle made by ladder with ground
  60
Height of wall H = ? = AB
Now fig ABC forms a right angled triangle
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

 height of wall 𝐻 = 2√3𝑚.

𝐴𝐵
= tan 60 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
= √3 = = 𝐴𝐵 = 2√3𝑚.
2
Q.3 A kite is flying at a height of 75 meters from the ground level, attached to a string
inclined at 600 to the horizontal. Find the length of the string to the nearest meter.

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Ans.

Given
Height o kite from ground  75m = AB
Inclination of string with ground
  60
Length of string l = ? = AC
If we represent the above data is form of figure as shown then its form a right angled
triangle ABC here
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑠𝑖𝑛 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝐵
sin60 =
𝐴𝐶
√3 75
= =
2 𝑙
75 × 2 3 × 50
𝑙= =
√3 √3
= 𝑙 = 50√3𝑚.

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙 = 50√3𝑚.

Q.4. A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is surmounted by a vertical flag-
staff. At a point on the plane 70 metres away from the tower, an observer notices
that the angles of elevation of the top and the bottom of the flag-staff are
respectively 600 and 45°. Find the height of the flag-staff and that of the tower.

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Ans.

Given
Vertical tower is surmounted by flag staff distance between tower and observer
 70m = BC. Angle of elevation of top of tower   45
Angle of elevation of top of flag staff   60
Height of flagstaff  h = AD
Height of tower  H = AB
If we represent the above data in the figure then it forms right angled triangles ABC
and CBD
When  is angle in right angle triangle we know that
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐴𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛  =
𝐵𝐶
𝐻
= tan45 =
70
= H = 70 × 1
= 70m.
𝐷𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛  =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐷 + 𝐴𝐵 ℎ+𝐻
= tan60 = =
70 70

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= h + 70 = 70√3𝑚

= h = 70(√3 − 1)
= 70(1 × 32 − 1) = 70 × 0.732
= 51.24m. h = 51.24m
= Height of tower = 70m height of flagstaff = 51.24m

Q.5. A person observed the angle of elevation of the top of a tower as 30°. He walked
50 m towards the foot of the tower along level ground and found the angle of
elevation of the top of the tower as  . Find the height of the tower.
Ans.

Angle of elevation of top of tour, from first point of elevation  A  30
Let the walked 50m from first point  A to B then AB m  50m
Angle of elevation from second point B Gb   60
Now let is represent the given data in form of then it forms triangle ACD with triangle
BCD in it  C90 
Let height of tower, be
Hm = CD
BC = xm.
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
If in a right angle triangle  is the angle then 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒

𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒

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𝐶𝐷
tan =
𝐴𝐶
1
= tan30 =
𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶
1 𝐻
= =
√3 50 + 𝑥

= 50 + x = H√3 … … … … … … (1)
𝐶𝐷
tan =
𝐵𝐶
𝐻
= tan60 =
𝑥
𝐻
= √3 =
𝑥
𝐻
=x=
√3
𝐻
=x= … … … … … (2)
√3
(2) in (1)
𝐻
= 50 + = 𝐻√3
√3
𝐻
= 𝐻√3 − = 50
√3
3−1
= 𝐻( ) = 50
√3
50√3
=𝐻 = 25√3𝑚
√3
 Height of tower H = 25√3𝑚
Q.6. A parachutist is descending vertically and makes angles of elevation of 45° and
60° at two observing points 100 m apart from each other on the left side of
himself. Find the maximum height from which he falls and the distance of the
point where he falls on the ground from the just observation point.

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Ans.

Let is the parachutist at highest point A. Let C and D be points which are 100m a part
on ground where from then CD = 100m
Angle of elevation from point C  45 
Angle of elevation from point B  60  
Let B be the point just vertically down the parachute
Let us draw figure according to above data then it forms the figure as shown in which
ABC is triangle and ABD included in it with
ABD triangle included
Maximum height of parachute
From ground = AB = Hm
Distance of point where parachute falls to just nearest observation point  xm
If in right angle triangle one of the included angle . Then
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan  =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐻
tan 45 =
100 + 𝑥
100 + x = 𝐻 … … … … . . (1)
𝐴𝐵
tan =
𝐷𝐵
𝐻
tan 60 =
𝑥
H = √3𝑥 … … … … . . (2)

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From (1) and (2)

√3𝑥 = 100 + 𝑥

(√3 − 1)𝑥 = 100

100 √3 + 1
𝑥= ×
√3 − 1 √3 + 1
100(√3 + 1)
=
2
= 𝑥 = 50(√3 + 1)𝑚.

= 𝑥 = 50(1 × 732 + 1)
= 𝑥 = 50(2 × 732)
= 𝑥 = 136.6𝑚 𝑖𝑛 (2)

𝐻 = √3 × 136 × 6 = 1.732 × 136.6 = 236.6𝑚

Maximum height of parachute from ground
𝐻 = 236.6𝑚
Distance between point where parachute falls on ground and just observation is
𝑥 = 136.6𝑚

Q.7. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point A on the ground is 30°.
Moving a distance of 20metres towards the foot of the tower to a point B the
angle of elevation increases to 60°. Find the height of the tower & the distance of
the tower from the point A.
Ans.

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Angle of elevation of top of tower from points A   30

Angle of elevation of top of tower from points B  60
Distance between A and B, AB = 20m
Let height of tower CD = ‘h’ m
Distance between second point B from foot of tower bc ' x' m
If we represent the above data in the figure, then it forms figure as shown with  D 
90
In right angled triangle if one of the included angle is  then

𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan  =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐶𝐷
tan  =
𝐴𝐷
ℎ
tan 30 =
20 + 𝑥
20 + x = h√3 … … … … … … … . . (1)

𝐶𝐷
tan  =
𝐵𝐷
ℎ
tan 60 =
𝑥
ℎ
x= … … … … … … . (2)
√3
ℎ 1
(2)𝑖𝑛 (1) = 20 + = ℎ√3 = ℎ (√3 − ) = 20
√3 √3
√3 − 1 20√3
= h( ) = 20 = ℎ = = 10 × √3 = 17.32𝑚
√3 2

10√3
𝑥= = 10𝑚
√3
Height of tower h = 17 × 32𝑚
Distance of tower from point A = (20 + 10) = 30𝑚
Q.8. From the top of a building 15 m high the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is
found to be 30°. From the bottom of the same building, the angle of elevation of the
top of the tower is found to be 60°. Find the height of the tower and the distance
between the tower and building.

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Ans.

Let AB be the building and CD be the tower height of the building is 15m = h = AB.
Angle of elevation of top of tower from top of building   30
Angle of elevation of top of tower from bottom of building   60
Distance between tower and building BD = x
Let height of tower above building be ' a' m
If we represent the above data is from of figure then it forms figure as shown with
 D 90 also draw AX || BD,  AXC  90
Here ABDX is a rectangle
 BD = DX = ‘x’m AB = XD = h = 15m
In right triangle if one of the included angle is  then
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan  =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐶𝑋
tan  =
𝐴𝑋
𝑎
= tan 30 =
𝑥
= x = a√3 … … … … … … … … … . (1)
𝐶𝐷
tan  =
𝐵𝐷
𝑎 + 15
= tan 60 =
𝑥
= x√3 = 𝑎 + 15 … … … … (2)
(1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)

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𝑥 𝑎√3
= = = 𝑎 + 15 = 𝑎√3(√3)
𝑥√3 𝑎 + 15
𝑎 + 15 = 3𝑎
= 2𝑎 = 15
15
=𝑎= = 7.5𝑚
2
𝑥 = 𝑎√3
= 7.5 × 1.732
= 12.99𝑚
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = ℎ + 𝑎
= 15 + 7.5 = 22.5𝑚
Distance between tower and building = 12.99𝑚

Q.9. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of 8 m tall building from the top of
a multistoried building are 30° and 45° respectively. Find the height of the
multistoried building and the distance between the two buildings.
Ans.

Let height of multistoried building ' h' m = AB

Height of tall building  8m = CD
Angle of depression of top of tall building   30
Angle of depression of bottom of tall building   45
Distance between two building  'X' m = BD
Let Ax = x
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝑋 + 𝑋𝐵 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑋𝐵 = 𝐶𝐷 [ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴𝑋𝐶𝐷 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒]

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𝐴𝐵 =′ 𝑎′ 𝑚 + 8𝑚
𝐴𝐵 = (𝑎 + 8)𝑚
The above information is represented in the form of figure e as shown If in right
triangle are of included angle is 
Then
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan  =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒
In AXB
𝐴𝑋
tan 30 =
𝐶𝑋
1 𝑎 𝑎
= =
√3 𝐵𝐷 𝐶𝑋

= 𝑥 = 𝑎√3 … … … … . (1)
In ABD
𝐴𝐵 𝑎+8
tan 45 = =
𝐵𝐷 𝑥
𝑎+8
1=
𝑥
= 𝑎 + 8 = 𝑥 … … … … … … . (2)
Q.10 From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle of elevation of the top of a cable
tower is 60° and the angle of depression of its foot is 45°. Determine the height of
the tower.
Ans.

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Given
Height of building  7m = AB
Height of cable tower  ' H ' m = CD
Angle of elevation of top of tower, from top of building   60
Angle of depression of bottom of tower, from top of building   45
The above data is represented in form of figure as shown
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐶𝑋 = ′𝑥′𝑚
= 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐷𝑋 + 𝑋𝐶 = 7𝑚+′ 𝑥 ′ 𝑚
= 𝑥 + 7𝑚.
In ADX
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒(𝑋𝐷)
tan 45 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 (𝐴𝑋)
1
1=
𝐴𝑋
= 𝐴𝑋 = 7𝑚
In AXD
𝑋𝐶
tan 60 =
𝐴𝑋
𝑥
√3 =
𝐻
= 𝑥 = 7√3
= 𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥 + 7

= 7√3 + 7 = 7(√3 + 1)𝑚.

Height of cable tower = 7(√3 + 1)𝑚.

Q.11 The angle of elevation of the top of the building from the foot of the tower is 30°
and the angle of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is 60°. If the
tower is 50 m high, find the height of the building.

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Ans.

Angle of elevation of top of building from foot of tower  30  

Angle of elevation of top of tower, from foot of building  60 = 
Height of tower  50m = AB
Height of building  ' h' m
= CD
The above information is represented in form of figure as shown
In right triangle if one of the included angle is  then
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan  =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒
In ABC
𝐴𝐵
tan  =
𝐵𝐷
50
tan 60° =
√3
50
𝐵𝐷 =
√3

In∆ CBD
𝐶𝐷
tan 𝛼 = 𝐵𝐷
ℎ
tan 30° = 50
√3

50 1
ℎ= ×
√3 √3
50
=
√3

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50
Therefore height of building = 𝑚
3

Question 12
A ladder rests against a wall at an angle 𝜶 to the horizontal. Its foot is pulled away from
the wall through a distance a, so that it slides a distance b down the wall making an
𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝐜𝐨𝐬 
angle  with the horizontal, Show that 𝐛 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 −𝐬𝐢𝐧 

Solution:
Let AB be ladder initially at an inclination  to ground
When its foot is pulled through distance ‘a’ let BB’ = ‘a’ 𝑚 and AA′ =′ 𝑏 ′ 𝑚
New angle of elevation from ‘B’ and B the above information is represented in form
of figure as shown
Let AP⊥ ground B’P
AB = A’B’
A′ P = x
BP = y
In ABP
𝐴𝑃
sin  = 𝐴𝐵
𝑥+𝑏
 sin  = … . (𝑖)
𝐴𝐵

𝐵𝑃
cos  =
𝐴𝐵
𝑦
cos  = … . (𝑖𝑖)
𝐴𝐵

In A′ B′P
𝐴𝑃
sin  =
𝐴𝐵
𝑥
 sin  = … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
𝐴𝐵

𝐵′𝑃
cos  = ′ ′
𝐴𝐵
𝑦+𝑎
cos  = … . (𝑖𝑣)
𝐴𝐵

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From (i) and (iii)

a cos −cos 
 =
b sin −sin 

Question 13 :
A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends so that the top of the tree touches
the ground making an angle 𝟑𝟎° with it. The distance between the foot of the tree to the
point where the top touches the ground is 8m. Find the height of the tree.
Solution:

Let AC was the original tree. Due to storm, it was broken into two parts. The broken
part A′B is making 30° with the ground.
In ∆ A′ BC,
BC
= tan 30°
A′ C
𝐵𝐶 1
=
8 √3
8
𝐵𝐶 = ( ) 𝑚
√3
𝐴′ 𝐶
= cos 30°
𝐴′ 𝐵
8 √3
=
𝐴′𝐵 2
16
𝐴′ 𝐵 = ( )𝑚
√3

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Height of tree = 𝐴′ 𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶
16 8 24
=( + )𝑚 = 𝑚
√3 √3 √3
= 8√3 𝑚

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑠 8√3 𝑚.

Question 14:
A contractor plans to install two slides for the children to play in a park. For the
children below the age of 5 years, she prefers to have a slide whose top is at a height of
1.5m, and is inclined at an angle of 𝟑𝟎° to the ground, where ad for the elder children
she wants to have a steep side at a height of 3m, and inclined at an angle of 𝟔𝟎° to the
ground. What should be the length of the slide in each case?
Solution:
It can be observed that AC and PR are the slides for younger and elder children
respectively.

In ∆ ABC,
𝐴𝐵
= sin 30°
AC
1.5 1
=
𝐴𝐶 2
𝐴𝐶 = 3𝑚

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In ∆PQR,
𝑃𝑄
= sin 60
PR
3 √3
=
PR 2

6
𝑃𝑅 = = 2√3 𝑚
√3
Therefore, the lengths of these slides are 3m and 2√3 m

Question 15:
The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground, which is 30 m
away from the foot of the tower is 𝟑𝟎°. Find the height of the tower.
Solution:

Let Ab be the tower and the angle of elevation from point C (on ground) is 30°.
In ∆ ABC,
𝐴𝐵
= tan 30°
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵 1
=
30 √3

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30
𝐴𝐵 = = 10√3 𝑚
√3

Therefore, the height of the tower is 10√3𝑚.

Question 16:
A 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some distance from a 30m tall building. The angle of
elevation from his eyes to the top of the building increases from 𝟑𝟎° to 𝟔𝟎° as he walks
towards the building. Find the distance he walked towards the building.
Solution:

Let the boy was standing at point S initially. He walked towards the building and
reached at point T.
It can be observed that
𝑃𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄 − 𝑅𝑄
57
= (30 − 1.5)𝑚 = 28.5𝑚 = 𝑚
2
𝐼𝑛 ∆ PAR,
𝑃𝑅
= tan 60°
𝐴𝑅
57 1
=
2𝐴𝑅 √3
57
𝐴𝑅 = ( √3) 𝑚
2
𝐼𝑛 ∆ 𝑃𝑅𝐵,

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𝑃𝑅
= tan 60°
𝐵𝑅
57
= √3
2𝐵𝑅
57 19√3
𝐵𝑅 = =( )𝑚
2√3 2

𝑆𝑇 = 𝐴𝐵

57√3 19√3
= 𝐴𝑅 − 𝐵𝑅 = ( − )𝑚
2 2

38√3
=( ) 𝑚 = 19√3 𝑚
2

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑘𝑒𝑑 19√3 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔.

Question 17:
The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of the tower is 𝟑𝟎° and the
angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is ° . If the tower
is 50m high, find the height of the building.
Solution:

Let AB be the building and CD be the tower,

In ∆ CDB,
𝐶𝐷
= tan 60°
𝐵𝐷
50
= √3
𝐵𝐷
50
𝐵𝐷 =
√3

In ∆ ABD,

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𝐴𝐵
= tan 30°
𝐵𝐷
50 1 50 2
𝐴𝐵 = × = = 16 3
√3 √3 3

2
Therefore, the height of the building is 16 3 𝑚.

Question 18:
Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite each other an either side of the road,
which is 80m wide. From a point between them on the road, the angles of elevation of
the top of the poles are 𝟔𝟎° 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑𝟎°, respectively. Find the height of poles and the
distance of the point from the poles.
Solution:

Let AB and CD be the poles and O is the point from where the elevation angles are
measured.
𝐴𝐵
= tan 60°
𝐵𝑂
𝐴𝐵
= √3
𝐵𝑂
𝐴𝐵
𝐵𝑂 =
√3
In ∆ ABD
𝐶𝐷
= tan 30°
𝐷𝑂
𝐶𝐷 1
=
80 − 𝐵𝑂 √3

𝐶𝐷 √3 = 80 − 𝐵𝑂
𝐴𝐵
𝐶𝐷√3 = 80 −
√3
𝐴𝐵
𝐶𝐷√3 + = 80
√3

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𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠,

𝐶𝐷 = 𝐴𝐵
1
𝐶𝐷 [√3 + ] = 80
√3
𝐶𝐷 = 20√3 𝑚

𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐷 20√3
𝐵𝑂 = = =( ) 𝑚 = 20𝑚
√3 √3 √3
𝐷𝑂 = 𝐵𝐷 − 𝐵𝑂 = (80 − 20)𝑚 = 60𝑚

Therefore, the height of poles is 20√3 𝑚 and the point is 20 m and 60 m far from
these poles.
Question 19:
From the top of a 7m high building, the angle of elevation of the top of a cable tower is
𝟔𝟎° and the angle of depression of its foot is 𝟒𝟓°. Determine the height of the tower.
Solution:

Let AB be a building and CD be a cable tower.

In ∆ ABD,
𝐴𝐵
= tan 45°
𝐵𝐷
7
=1
𝐵𝐷

𝐵𝐷 = 7𝑚
𝐼𝑛 ∆ ACE,
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷 = 7𝑚
𝐶𝐸
= tan 60°
𝐴𝐸
𝐶𝐸
= √3
7

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𝐶𝐸 = 7√3 𝑚

𝐶𝐷 = 𝐶𝐸 + 𝐸𝐷 = (7√3 + 7 )𝑚

= 7(√3 + 1)𝑚

Therefore, the height of the cable tower is 7(√3 + 1)𝑚

Question 20:
As observed from the top of a 75m high lighthouse from the sea-level, the angles o
depression of two ships are 𝟑𝟎° 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒𝟓°. If one ship is exactly behind the other on the
same side of the lighthouse, find the distance between the two ships.
Solutions:

Let AB be the lighthouse and the two ships be at point C and D respectively.
In ∆ ABC,
AB
= tan 45°
𝐵𝐶
75
=1
𝐵𝐶

𝐵𝐶 = 75 𝑚
In ∆ ABD,
AB
= tan 30°
BD
75 1
=
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷 √3

75√3 = 75 + 𝐶𝐷

75( √3 − 1) = 𝐶𝐷

Therefore, the distance between the two ships is 75 (√3 − 1)𝑚 .

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Question 21:
A 1.2 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the wind in a horizontal line at a height of
88.2 m from the ground. The angle of elevation of the balloon from the eyes of the girl at
any instant is 𝟔𝟎°. After some time, the angle of elevation reduces to 𝟑𝟎°. Find the
distance travelled by the balloon during the interval.

Solution:

Let the initial position A of balloon change to B after some time and CD be the girl.
In ∆ ACE,
𝐴𝐸
= tan 60°
𝐶𝐸
𝐴𝐹 − 𝐸𝐹
= tan 60°
𝐶𝐸
88.2 − 1.2
= √3
𝐶𝐸
87
= √3
𝐶𝐸
87
𝐶𝐸 = = 29√3𝑚
√3
In ∆ BCG,

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BG
= tan 30°
CG
88.2−1.2 1
=
𝐶𝐺 √3

𝐶𝐺 = 87√3 𝑚
Distance travelled by balloon = 𝐸𝐺 = 𝐶𝐺 = 𝐶𝐸

= (87√3 − 29√3)𝑚

= 58√3 𝑚

Question 22:
The angles of depression of two ships from the top of a light house and on the same side
of it re found to be 𝟒𝟓° 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑𝟎° respectively. If the ships are 200m apart, find the
height of the light house.
Solution:

Height of light house 𝐴𝐵 =′ ℎ′ 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

Let S1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 S2 be ships distance between ships S1 S2
Angle of depression of S1 [𝛼 = 30° ]
Angle of depression of S2 [𝛽 = 45° ]
The above data is represented in form of figure as shown
In ∆ ABS2
𝐴𝐵
Tan 𝛽 = 𝐵S
2

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ℎ
tan 45° = 𝐵S
2

𝐵S2 = ℎ … (𝑖)
In∆ ABS1
𝐴𝐵
Tan 𝛼 = 𝐵S
1

ℎ
Tan 30° = 𝐵S
2

From (2) and (1)

 𝐵S1 − 𝐵S2 = ℎ(√3 − 1)

 200 = ℎ(√3 − 1)

200 √3+1 200

 ℎ= × = (√3 + 1) = 100(√3 + 1) 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
√3−1 √3+1 2

ℎ = 100(1.732 + 1) = 2.732 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

Height of light house = 273.2 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

Question 23:
A flag-staff stands on the top of a 5 m high tower. From a point on the ground, the angle
of elevation of the top of the flag-staff is 𝟔𝟎° and from the same point, the angle of
elevation of the top of the tower is 𝟒𝟓°. Find the height of the flag-staff.
Solution:

Height of tower = 𝐴𝐵 = 5𝑚.

Height of flagstaff = 𝐵𝐶 = ℎ 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
Angle of elevation of top of flagstaff 𝛼 = 60°

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Angle of elevation of bottom of flagstaff 𝛽 = 45°

The above data is represented in form of figure as shown
In ∆ ADB
𝐴𝐵
tan 𝛽 = 𝐷𝐴
5
tan 45° = 𝐷𝐴

𝐷𝐴 = 5𝑚.
In∆ ADC
𝐴𝐶
tan 𝛼 = 𝐴𝐷
𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐶 ℎ+5
tan 60° = =
𝐴𝐷 5
ℎ+5
√3 = 5

ℎ + 5 = 5√3

 ℎ = 5(√3 − 1) = 5 × 0.732 = 3.65 meters height of flagstaff = 3.65 meters

Question 24:
From the top of a building AB, 60 m high, the angles of depression of the top and
bottom of a vertical lamp post CD are observed to be 𝟑𝟎° and 𝟔𝟎° respectively. Find
(i) The horizontal distance between AB and CD.
(ii) The height of the lamp post.
(iii) The difference between the heights of the building and the lamp post.

Solution:

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Height of building = 𝐴𝐵 = 60𝑚.

Height of lamp post = 𝐶𝐷 = ℎ 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
Angle of depression of top of lamp post from top of building 𝛼 = 30°
Angle of depression of bottom of lamp post from top of building 𝛽 = 60°
The above information is represented in form of figure as shown
In ∆ BDX
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑋
tan 𝛼 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 𝐷𝑋

60−𝐶𝐷
tan 30° = 𝐷𝑋
1 60−ℎ
=
√3 𝐴𝐶

𝐴𝐶 = (60 − ℎ)√3𝑚 … . . (𝑖)

In∆ BCA
𝐴𝐵
tan 𝛽 = 𝐴𝐶
60
 tan 60° = 𝐴𝐶

60
 𝐴𝐶 = = 20√3 … (𝑖𝑖)
√3

From (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)

(60 − ℎ)√3 = 20√3
60 − ℎ = 20
ℎ = 40𝑚
Height of lamp post = 40𝑚

Distance between lamp post building 𝐴𝐶 = 20√3 𝑚.

Difference between heights of building and lamp post
= 𝐵𝑋 = 60 − ℎ = 60 − 40 = 20𝑚

Question 25:
A man-standing on the deck of a ship, which is 8 m above water level. He observes the
angle of elevation of the top of a hill as 𝟑𝟎° and the angle of depression of the base of the
hill as 𝟔𝟎°. Calculate the distance of the hill from the ship and the height of the hill.

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Solution:

Height of ship above water level = 𝐴𝐵 = 8𝑚.

Angle of elevation of top of clip (hill) 𝛼 = 30°
Angle of depression of bottom of hill 𝛽 = 60°
Height of hill = CD
Distance between ship and hill = AX.
Height of hill above ship = CX = ′a′m
Height of hill = (𝑎 + 8)𝑚
The above information is represented in form of figure as shown
In right triangle if one of included angle is 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

𝐶𝑋
Tan 𝛼 = 𝐴𝑋
𝑎
tan 60° = 𝐴𝑋
𝑎
𝐴𝑋 =
√3
𝑋𝐷
tan 𝛽 = 𝐴𝑋
8
 tan 30° = 𝐴𝑋

 𝐴𝑋 = 8√3
𝐴
= 8√3
√3
𝑎 = 24𝑀

𝐴𝑋 = 8√3𝑚
Height of lamp post = 40𝑚

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Height of cliff hill = (24 + 8)𝑚 = 32𝑚.

Difference between hill and ship 8√3𝑚

Question 26:
From the top of a 50m high tower, the angles of depression of the top and bottom of a
pole are observed to be 45 and 60 respectively. Find the height of the pole.
Solution:

𝐴𝐵 = height of tower = 50m

𝐶𝐷 = height of (𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒)
Angle of depression of top of building 𝛼 = 45°
Angle of depression of bottom of building 𝛽 = 60°
The above data is represent in the form of figure as shown
In right triangle one of included angle is 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

𝐴𝑋
tan 𝛼 = 𝐶𝑋
𝐴𝑋
 tan 45° = 𝐶𝑋

𝐴𝑋 = 𝐶𝑋
𝐴𝐵
tan 𝛽 = 𝐵𝐷

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50
 tan 60° = 𝐵𝐷

50
 𝐶𝑋 =
√3
50
𝐴𝑋 = 𝑚 = 𝐵𝐷
3
50 50(√3−1)
𝐶𝐷 + 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝑋 = 50 − =
√3 √3
50
= (3 − √3)
3
50
Height of building(𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒) = (3 − √3)𝑚
3
50
Distance between pole and tower = 𝑚
√3

Question 27:
The angle of elevation of a stationary cloud form a point 2500m above a lake is 𝟏𝟓° and
the angle of depression of its reflection in the lake is 𝟒𝟓°. What is the height of the cloud
above the lake level? ( Use 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏𝟓° = 0.268 )
Solution:

Let cloud be at height PQ as represented from lake level

𝐴𝐵 = height of tower = 50m
𝐶𝐷 = height of (𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒)
From point x, 2500 meters above the lake angle of elevation of top of cloud
𝛼 = 45°
Angle of depression of bottom of building 𝛽 = 45°
Here 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑄 ′ 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝐴𝑌 ⊥ 𝑃𝑄
Let 𝐴𝑄 =′ ℎ′ 𝑚, 𝐴𝑃 =′ 𝑥 ′ 𝑚.

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𝑃𝑄 = (ℎ + 𝑥)𝑚 , 𝑃𝑄 ′ = (ℎ + 𝑥)𝑚
The above data is represent in the form of figure as shown
In right triangle one of included angle is 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

𝐴𝑄
tan 15° =
𝐴𝑌
ℎ
= 0.268
𝐴𝑌
ℎ
𝐴𝑌 = 0.268 … (𝑖)

𝐴𝐵′ 𝐴𝑃 + 𝑃𝑄′
tan 45° = =
𝐴𝑌 𝐴𝑌

 𝐴𝑌 = 𝑥 + (ℎ + 𝑥)
ℎ
From (i) and (ii) 0.268 = ℎ + 2𝑥
 3.131ℎ − ℎ = 2 × 2500
5000
ℎ= = 1830.8312
0.731
Height of cloud above lake = ℎ + 𝑥
= 1830.8312 + 2500
= 4300.8312 𝑚
Question 28:
From the top of a light house, the angles of depression of two ships on the opposite sides
of it are observed to be a and 3. If the height of the light house be h meters and the line
joining the ships passes through the foot of the light house, show that the distance
𝐡(𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜶+ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜷)
metres
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜶 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜷

Solution:

Height of light house =′ ℎ′ 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 = 𝐴𝐵

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S1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 S2 be be two ships on opposite sides of light house = 𝛼

Angle of depression of S1 from top of light house = 𝛼
Angle of depression of S2 from top of light house
Required to prove that
ℎ( tan 𝛼+ tan 𝛽)
Distance between ships = tan 𝛼.tan 𝛽

The above data is represented in form of figure as shown

In ∆ ABS1
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐵
tan 𝛼 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = S
1𝐵

ℎ
S1 𝐵 = … . (𝑖)
tan 𝛼

In∆ ABS2
𝐴𝐵
tan 𝛽 =
𝐵S2

ℎ
 𝐵S2 = … (𝑖𝑖)
tan 𝛽

From (i) and (ii)

ℎ ℎ
 𝐵S1 + 𝐵S2 = +
tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼
1 1 ℎ( tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽)
S1 S2 = ℎ { + }=
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼 . tan 𝛽
ℎ( tan 𝛼+tan 𝛽)
Distance between ships = 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
tan 𝛼. tan 𝛽

Question 29:
The angles of elevation of the top of a rock from the top and foot of a 100 m high tower
are respectively 𝟑𝟎° 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒𝟓°. Find the height of the rock.
Solution:

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Height of tour 𝐴𝐵 = 100m

Height of rock 𝐶𝐷 =′ h′ 𝑚
Angle of elevation of top of root from top of tower 𝛼 = 30°
Angle of elevation of top of root from bottom of tower 𝛽 = 45°
The above data is represent in the form of figure as shown
Draw 𝐴𝑋 ⊥ 𝐶𝐷
𝑋𝐷 = 𝐴𝐵 = 100𝑚
𝑋𝐴 = 𝐷𝐵.
𝐶𝑋
tan 𝛼 = 𝐴𝑋
𝐶𝑋
 tan 30° = 𝐷𝐵

𝐷𝐵 = 𝐶 × √3 … . (𝑖)
In ∆ CBD,
𝐶𝐷 100+𝐶𝑋
tan 𝛽 = 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐷𝐵
100+𝐶𝑋
 tan 45° = 𝐷𝐵

 𝐷𝐵 = 100 + 𝐶𝑋

From (i) and (ii)

100 + 𝐶𝑋 = 𝐶 × √3 = 𝐶 × (√3 − 1) = 100

 𝐶𝑋 = 50(√3 + 1)

𝐶𝑋 = 50(√3 + 1)

Height of hill 100 + 50(√3 + 1) = 150(3 + √3)𝑚𝑡𝑠.

Question30:
The length of the shadow of a tower standing on level plane is found to be 3x metres
longer when the sun‘s altitude is 𝟑𝟎° than when it was 𝟒𝟓°. Prove that the height of
tower is 𝒙(√𝟑 + 𝟏) metres.

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Solution:

Let
Length of shadow be ′𝑎′ 𝑚[𝐵𝐶] when sun’s altitude be 45°
Length of shadow will be (2𝑥 + 𝑎)𝑚 = 80 when sun’s altitude is 𝛽 = 30°
Let height of tower be ‘h’ = AB
The above data is represent in the form of figure as shown
In right triangle one of the included angle is 𝜃 then
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

In ∆ ABC,
𝐴𝐵
tan 𝛼 = 𝐵𝐶
ℎ
 tan 45° = 𝑎

ℎ=𝑎 … . (𝑖)
In ∆ ADB,
𝐴𝐵
tan 𝛽 = (2𝑥+𝑎)𝐵𝐶

ℎ
 tan 30° = 2𝑥+𝑎
2𝑥 + 𝑎 = ℎ√3 … (𝑖𝑖)

 ℎ(√3 − 1) = 2𝑥

2𝑥 √3+1
 ℎ= ×
√3 √3+1

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 ℎ(√3 − 1) = 2𝑥

2 √3+1
 ℎ= ×
√3−1 √3+1

2𝑥(√3+1)
 2

 𝑥(√3 + 1)

Height of tower is 𝑥(√3 + 1) 𝑚

Question 31
A man on the deck of a ship is 10m above the water level. He observes that the angle of
elevation of the top of a cliff is 45 and the angle of depression of the base is 300.
Calculate the distance of the cliff from the ship and the height of the cliff.
Solution:

Let
Height of ship from water level = 10 𝑐𝑚 = 𝐴𝐵
Angle of elevation of top of cliff 𝛼 = 45°
Angle of depression of bottom of cliff 𝛽 = 30°
Let height of tower be ‘h’ = CD
Distance of ship from toot of tower cliff
Height of cliff above ship be ‘a’ 𝑚
Then height of cliff = 𝐷𝑋 + 𝑋𝑌
= (10 + 0)𝑚

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The above data is represent in the form of figure as shown

In right triangle one of the included angle is 𝜃 then
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

𝐶𝑋
tan 45° = 𝐴𝑋
𝑎
=1
𝐴𝑋

𝐴𝑋 =′ 𝑎′ 𝑚
𝑋𝐷
 tan 30° = 𝐴𝑋

1 10
 = 𝐴𝑋
√3

 𝐴𝑋 = 10√3

 𝑎 = 10√3𝑚.

Height of cliff is 10 + 10√3 = 10 + (√3 + 1)𝑚

Distance between ship and cliff = 10√3𝑚

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