CSEC Mathematics

January 2023 – Paper 2

Solutions
 SECTION I

Answer ALL questions.

All working must be clearly shown.

1. (a) (i) By rounding each number in the expression below to one significant figure,

estimate the value of [2]

√345
36.789:.86;

< 849:
√345 √344
36.789:.86;

< 8:
√345 34
36.789:.86;

< : or 0.4
√345 8
36.789:.86;

(ii) Find the EXACT value of

3 5 A B38 C @D
@ : 3

Give your answer as a mixed number in its simplest form. [3]

3 5 A B38 C @D < A B38 C 38D

@ : 3 87 : F
5

3 5 A B38 C @D < A 38
@ : 3 87 6
5

87 3 38 3
3 5 A B38 C @D < G
@ : 3
5 6
2 1

3 5 A B38 C @D < 8
@ : 3 6

3 5 A B38 C @D < 4 8
@ : 3 3
(b) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of available seats in a hall was

reduced from 125 to 93. Calculate the percentage decrease in the number of

available seats. [2]

Percentage decrease < G

38:M6@ 344
38: 3

Percentage decrease < 25.6%

(c) Mica invests a certain amount of money in a bank that pays compound interest

at a rate of 2.5% per annum. At the end of 2 years, the value of her investment

is $7 564.50.

Calculate the amount Mica invests.

W
Compound interest: T < U B1 C 344D , where, T < total amount after X years
V

R U < principal or original value; [

Z < rate of interest per annum; X < number of years the money is invested

W
T < U B1 C 344D
V

8.: 8
7564.50 < U B1 C 344D

7564.50 < U(1.025)8

U < (3.48:)\
7:;F.:4

U < $7200

∴ The amount Mica invests is $7200.

Total 9 marks
2. (a) Simplify:

(i) (^ @ )8 [1]

(^ @ )8 < ^ @G8

(^ @ )8 < ^ ;

(ii) _ 5 A _ M: [1]

_ 5 A _ M: < _ 5M(M:)

_ 5 A _ M: < _ 59:

_ 5 A _ M: < _ 3@

(b) (i) Factorize:

(a) ^_ a _ 8 [1]

^_ a _ 8 < _(^ a _)

(b) ^ 8 a _ 8 [1]

^ 8 a _ 8 < (^ C _)(^ a _) [difference of two squares]

(ii) Hence, simplify the expression

. [1]
cdMd \
c \ Md \

<
cdMd \
c \ Md \

< (c9d)(cMd)
d(cMd)

< c9d
d
 (c) The diagram below shows 2 rectangles, k and l, with their dimensions

expressed in terms of ^.

f (h C j) cm
(h a g) cm e

(gh C i) cm
(h a g) cm

Given that the difference between the areas of the two rectangles is 64 mn8 ,

show that ^ 8 a 2^ a 35 < 0. [4]

Area of rectangle k < (^ a 3)(3^ C 4)

Area of rectangle k < 3^ 8 C 4^ a 9^ a 12

Area of rectangle k < 3^ 8 a 5^ a 12

Area of rectangle l < (^ C 2)(^ a 3)

Area of rectangle l < ^ 8 a 3^ C 2^ a 6

Area of rectangle l < ^ 8 a ^ a 6

Now,

Difference < Area of rectangle k a Area of rectangle l

64 < 3^ 8 a 5^ a 12 a (^ 8 a ^ a 6)

64 < 3^ 8 a 5^ a 12 a ^ 8 C ^ C 6

64 < 2^ 8 a 4^ a 6

0 < 2^ 8 a 4^ a 6 a 64
 0 < 2^ 8 a 4^ a 70

0 < ^ 8 a 2^ a 35

∴ ^ 8 a 2^ a 35 < 0
Q.E.D.

Total 9 marks
3. The following diagram shows 3 quadrilaterals, U, y and z on a square grid. y and

z are the images of U after it underwent 2 different transformations.

u
r

j
r′

h
awt av au ai aj t j i

s
aj

ai

r′′
au

av
(a) On the grid on page 9, draw the image of quadrilateral U after a

10
(i) translation by the vector B D. Label this image U′. [1]
a4

Quadrilateral U Image U′

(a7, 7) → (3, 3)

(a8, 6) → (2, 2)

(a7, 4) → (3, 0)

(a6, 6) → (4, 2)

See graph above for the image U′.

(ii) reflection in the line _ < 0. Label this image U′′. [2]

Quadrilateral U Image U′′

(a7, 7) → (a7, a7)

(a8, 6) → (a8, a6)

(a7, 4) → (a7, a4)

(a6, 6) → (a6, a6)

See graph above for the image U′′.

 (b) Describe fully a single transformation that maps Quadrilateral U onto

(i) Quadrilateral y [3]

v
(a10, 7)

u
r

h
awt av au ai aj t j i

s
aj

ai

au

av

A single transformation that maps Quadrilateral U onto Quadrilateral y is an enlargement

of scale factor 3 whose centre of enlargement is (a10, 7).

 (ii) Quadrilateral z [3]

u
r

q
(a4, 2)
G j

h
awt av au ai aj t j i

s
aj

ai

au

av

A single transformation that maps Quadrilateral U onto Quadrilateral z is an

anticlockwise rotation of 90° about the centre (a4, 2).

Total: 9 marks
4. Lines • and k are drawn on the square grid below.

p
e

(a) Write down the coordinates of the

(i) ^-intercept of Line • [1]

The coordinates of the ^-intercept of Line • is (6, 0).

(ii) _-intercept of Line k [1]

The coordinates of the _-intercept of Line k is (0, a2).

(b) The equation of Line • is ^ C 2_ a 6 < 0. Find the value of • given that the

point (9, •) lies on Line •. [2]

^ C 2_ a 6 < 0

Substituting point (9, •) gives:

9 C 2• a 6 < 0

2• < 6 a 9

2• < a3

• < a8
@

(c) Find the equation of Line k, in the form _ < n^ C m. [2]

From graph, the point (1, 0) lies on Line k.

The _-intercept is a2.

Substituting point (1, 0) and m < a2 into _ < n^ C m gives:

0 < n(1) a 2

0<na2

n<2

∴ Equation of Line k is: _ < 2^ a 2 which is in the form _ < n^ C m,

where n < 2 and m < a2.

(d) Show by calculation, that Line • and Line k are perpendicular. [2]

From graph, the point (6, 0) lies on Line •.

The _-intercept is 3.

Substituting point (6, 0) and m < 3 into _ < n^ C m gives:

0 < n(6) C 3

0 < 6n C 3

6n < a3

n < a;
@

n < a8
3

Gradient of Line • < a 8

3

Gradient of Line k < 2

Now,

Product of gradients < Ba 8D (2)

3

Product of gradients < a1

Since the product of the gradients of the two lines is equal to a1, then Line •

and Line k are perpendicular.

Q.E.D.
(e) Line • and Line k represent the graph of a pair of simultaneous equations.

Using the graph on page 11, write down the solution to the pair of

simultaneous equations. [1]

From the graph, the solution to the pair of simultaneous equations is (2, 2).

This is the point at which both lines intersect each other.

Total 9 marks
 5. The cumulative frequency curve below shows information about the times taken

by 200 students to solve a Mathematics Olympiad problem.

Cumulative
frequency

Time (minutes)

(a) Using the cumulative frequency curve shown above, find an estimate for the

(i) number of students who took more than 50 minutes to solve the

problem [1]

From graph, when ^ < 50, _ < 196.

Now, 200 a 196 < 4.

∴ The number of students who took more than 50 minutes to solve the

problem is 4 students.
 (ii) median time taken to solve the problem [1]

The median occurs at the < < < 100.5th value.

W93 84493 843
8 8 8

From graph, the median is 33 minutes.

(iii) probability that a student chosen at random took at most 28 minutes to

solve the problem. [2]

From the graph, when ^ < 28, _ < 64.

Probability <
ƒ„…†‡V ˆ‰ Š‡‹ŒV‡Š ˆ„•Žˆ…‡‹
•ˆ••‘ W„…†‡V ˆ‰ ˆ„•Žˆ…‡‹

Probability < 844

;F

Probability < 8:
5

(b) (i) Using the cumulative frequency curve on page 13, complete the table

below. [3]

Time Midpoint Frequency Frequency G Midpoint

(minutes) (h) (’) (’h)
1 a 10 5.5 12 66

11 a 20 15.5 22 341

21 a 30 25.5 42 1071

31 a 40 35.5 84 2982

41 a 50 45.5 36 1638

52 a 60 55.5 4 222

∑ ” < 200 ∑ ”^ < 6320

(ii) Use the information in the completed table above to calculate an estimate

of the average time taken by the students to solve the problem. [2]

^<
∑ ‰c
∑‰

^<
;@84
844

^ < 31.6 minutes

∴ The average time taken by the students to solve the problem is 31.6

minutes.

Total 9 marks
6. In this question, use — < .
88
7

The diagram below shows a scaled drawing of a running track. It consists of a

rectangle and two semicircles with diameters •l and kU.

•l < kU < 49 n and •k < lU < 98 n

~ e

i• –

f •v – r

(a) (i) Show that the TOTAL length of the running track is 350 n. [2]

Perimeter of circle < 2—Z

Perimeter of circle < 2 G G

88 F6
7 8

Perimeter of circle < 154 n

Now,

Total length of running track < 2(98) C 154

Total length of running track < 196 C 154

Total length of running track < 350 n

Q.E.D.
 (ii) Nathan walks at a constant rate of 1.4 n/™. Calculate the time it will take

him to walk 7 laps around the track. [1]

Total distance < 7 G 350 Speed < 1.4 n/™

Total distance < 2450 n

Now,

Speed <
šŒ‹••WŽ‡
•Œ…‡

Time <
šŒ‹••WŽ‡
›œ‡‡Š

Time <
8F:4
3.F

Time < 1750 ™

∴ It will take him 1750 ™ to walk 7 laps around the track.

(b) Tafari runs one lap of the track in 68 seconds.

(i) Determine the number of laps Tafari can complete in one hour, running

at the same speed. [2]

1 hour < 1 G 60 G 60

1 hour < 3600 ™

Number of laps <

@;44
;5

Number of laps < 52.9

∴ Tafari can run 52 completed laps in one hour.

(ii) Nathan completes running one lap of the track every 72 seconds. Tafari

and Nathan start running at the same time from point • on the track.

Each completed a number of laps of the track. Calculate the LEAST

number of laps that each will complete before they are both at point •

again at the same time. [3]

4 72 , 68

17 18 , 17

18 18 , 1

1,1

Now,

4 G 17 G 18 < 1224 ™

Number of laps Nathan completes <

388F
78

Number of laps Nathan completes < 17 laps

Number of laps Tafari completes <

388F
;5

Number of laps Tafari completes < 18 laps

Tafari completes …… 18 ..… laps and Nathan completes …… 17 ..… laps.

Total 9 marks
7. The grid below shows the first 3 figures in a sequence. Each figure is made using a

set of small squares of unit length that are both coloured (shaded) and white

(unshaded).

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

(a) In the space provided below, draw Figure 4 of the sequence. [2]

Figure 4
 (b) The number of coloured squares, ž, the total number of squares, Ÿ and the

perimeter of the figure, U, follow a pattern. Study the patterns in the table

below and answer the questions that follow.

Complete Rows (i), (ii) and (iii) in the table below.

Figure Number of Coloured Perimeter of Total Number of

Number (¡) Squares (¢) Figure (r) Squares (£)
1 5 12 (1 C 2)8 < 9
2 7 16 (2 C 2)8 < 16
3 9 20 (3 C 2)8 < 25
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮

(i) 11 25 52 169 [2]

⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
(ii) 23 49 100 (23 C 2)8 < 625 [2]
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
(iii) X 2X C 3 4X C 8 (X C 2)8 < X8 C 4X C 4 [2]
i

Consider the Xth figure.

Number of coloured squares, ž < 2X C 3

Perimeter of Figure, U < 4X C 8

Total Number of Squares, Ÿ < (X C 2)8

Total Number of Squares, Ÿ < X8 C 4X C 4

When X < 11,

ž < 2(11) C 3

ž < 22 C 3

ž < 25
 When X < 11,

Ÿ < (11 C 2)8

Ÿ < (13)8

Ÿ < 169

When ž < 49,

2X C 3 < 49

2X < 49 a 3

2X < 46

X<
F;
8

X < 23

When X < 23,

U < 4(23) C 8

U < 92 C 8

U < 100

(c) How many white squares are in Figure 11? [1]

In Figure 11,

Number of white squares < Total squares – Number of coloured squares

Number of white squares < 169 a 25

Number of white squares < 144

Total 10 marks
 SECTION II

Answer ALL questions.

ALGEBRA, RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

8. The functions ”, ¦ and ℎ are defined as follows:

”(^) < 4^ a 1, ¦(^) < ^ 8 a 5 and ℎ(^) < 3c

(a) Find

(i) ¦(^ a 2), in its simplest form [2]

¦(^) < ^ 8 a 5

¦(^ a 2) < (^ a 2)8 a 5

¦(^ a 2) < ^ 8 a 4^ C 4 a 5

¦(^ a 2) < ^ 8 a 4^ a 1

(ii) ” M3 (11) [2]

”(^) < 4^ a 1

Let _ < ”(^).

_ < 4^ a 1

Interchanging variables ^ and _.

^ < 4_ a 1
 Make _ the subject of the formula.

^ C 1 < 4_

<_
c93
F

Hence, ” M3 (^) < .

c93
F

Now,

” M3 (11) <
3393
F

” M3 (11) <
38
F

” M3 (11) < 3

(b) Determine the value of ℎℎ(1). [2]

ℎ(^) < 3c

ℎ(1) < 33

ℎ(1) < 3

ℎℎ(1) < ℎ[ℎ(1)]

ℎℎ(1) < ℎ(3)

ℎℎ(1) < 3@

ℎℎ(1) < 27
(c) The function ” is defined as follows:

”: ^ → ^ 8 a ^ a 2

Complete the table below and plot the graph for the function ”(^) < ^ 8 a ^ a 2

on the grid that follows. [6]

(Use a scale of j ©– to represent 1 unit on both axes.)

^ a2 a1 0 1 2 3

4 0 a2 a2 0 4
”(^)

”(^) < ^ 8 a ^ a 2

When ^ < a2,

”(a2) < (a2)8 a (a2) a 2

”(a2) < 4 C 2 a 2

”(a2) < 4

When ^ < 0,

”(0) < (0)8 a (0) a 2

”(0) < 0 a 0 a 2

”(0) < a2
 p

G 4 G

G G h
a2 a1 1 2 3

a1

a2G G

Total 12 marks
 GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

9. (a) ¯, ± and ° are points on the circumference of a circle. Ÿ´ is a tangent to the

circle at °. °¯ is a diameter of the circle and triangle ¯±° is isosceles.

®°
£ - ¬

Using the appropriate theorems, state THREE reasons that explain why the

measure of Angle ² is 45°. [3]

Since ¯° is a diameter, then ¯±° < 90°.

Reason 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

The angle in a semi-circle is 90°.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Since triangle ¯±° is isosceles,

Reason 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
then °¯± < 8 (180 a 90) < 8 (90) < 45°.
3 3

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Angle ² < 45°.
Reason 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
The angle between a tangent and a chord is equal to the angle
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
in the alternate segment.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The diagram below shows a circle with diameter ¼½. Line ¾½¿ is a tangent to

the circle at ½. The points ½, À, ¼ and Á lie on the circumference of the circle.

¸u° p°
º »° ·
w•°

h°
¹

By showing EACH step in your work, where appropriate, find the value for

EACH of the following angles:

(i) Angle ^ [1]

Angles ½ÁÂÀ and ½¼

à À are at the circumference and standing on the

same chord.

Hence, Angle ^ < 56°.

(ii) Angle _ [2]

All angles in a triangle add up to 180°.

Ä < 180° a 56° a 19°

Ä < 105°
 Since _ and Ä are supplementary angles, then

_ < 180° a Ä

_ < 180° a 105°

_ < 75°

(c) The diagram below shows 4 points, U, y, z and È on level ground, where pillars

will be placed to mark the outline for a foundation.

q Ÿ
jw°
ÆÇÇ
j•°
vg – s

(i) There is a vertical post, zŸ, at z. From y, the angle of elevation of the

top of the post, Ÿ, is 21°. Find the height of the post. [2]

tan É <
ˆœœ
•ŠÊ

tan 21° < 3:@

•Ë

Ÿz < 153 G tan 21°

Ÿz < 58.7 n
(ii) Given that the length yÈ is 135 n, calculate the perimeter of the

foundation UyzÈ. [4]

Using cosine formula,

(UÈ)8 < (Uy)8 C (yÈ)8 a 2(Uy)(yÈ) cos UyÌÈ

(UÈ)8 < (83)8 C (135)8 a 2(83)(135) cos 29°

(UÈ)8 < 5514

UÈ < √5514

UÈ < 74.3 n

Now,

Perimeter of UyzÈ < 83 C 153 C 110 C 74.3

Perimeter of UyzÈ < 420.3 n

Total 12 marks
 VECTORS AND MATRICES

10. (a) Three matrices y, z and È are as follows:

2 7
2 a1 1 6
y<B D, z < B D, È < Í 4 a1Î
4 3 a5 4
a8 9

(i) Explain why the matrix product yÈ is NOT possible. [1]

Order of y is 2 G 2.

Order of È is 3 G 2.

The matrix product yÈ is not possible because the number of columns

in matrix y is not equal to the number of rows in matrix È.

(ii) State the order of the matrix product Èz. [1]

Order of È is 3 G 2.

Order of z is 2 G 2.

∴ The order of the matrix product Èz is 3 G 2.

(iii) Calculate the matrix product yz. [2]

Required to calculate the matrix product yz.

 2 a1 1 6
yz < B DB D
4 3 a5 4

(2 G 1) C (a1 G a5) (2 G 6) C (a1 G 4)

yz < Ï Ð
(4 G 1) C (3 G a5) (4 G 6) C (3 G 4)

2C5 12 C (a4)
yz < Ï Ð
4 C (a15) 24 C 12

7 8
yz < B D
a11 36

4 a1
(b) Given that T < B D , determine the value of ^ when |T| < 5. [2]
a7 ^

4 a1
T<B D
a7 ^

|T| < ÄÒ a Óm

|T| < (4)(^) a (a1)(a7)

|T| < 4^ a 7

When |T| < 5,

4^ a 7 < 5

4^ < 5 C 7

4^ < 12

^<
38
F

^<3
(c) In the diagram below, ×Uy is a triangle. TzØ and T×y are straight lines.

Ø is the midpoint of Uy.

z is the midpoint of TØ.

×z ∶ zU < 1 ∶ 3.

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < 4» and ×y

×U ÚÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < 8Ü.

Õ q
Ö

Find, in terms of » and/or Ü, in its simplest form

(i) ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗
Uy [1]

By the triangle inequality,

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗
Uy < U×ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ C ×y
ÚÚÚÚÚÚ⃗

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < a×U

Uy ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ C ×y
ÚÚÚÚÚÚ⃗

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < a4» C 8Ü

Uy

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < 8Ü a 4»
Uy
 (ii) ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗
Uz [2]

Uz < F ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗
ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ U×
@

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗
Uz < F (a4»)
@

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < a3»

Uz

(iii) ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗
zØ [3]

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < zU
zØ ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ C UØ
ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < zU
zØ ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗
ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ C 3 Uy
8

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < 3» C 3 (8Ü a 4»)

zØ 8

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < 3» C 4Ü a 2»
zØ

ÚÚÚÚÚ⃗ < » C 4Ü
zØ

Total 12 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.