History of Medical Technology Profession

Preliminary Examination – MSLP111

Medical Technology/Laboratory Science Galen
Heinemann ● Greek Physician and Philosopher
- The application of principles of ● Assessment of disorder through
natural, physical and biological measurement of body fluids.
sciences to the performance of Contributions
laboratory procedures which aid in ● Described diabetes as “diarrhea of
the diagnosis and treatment of urine”
disease. ● Established the relationship
Anne Fagelson between fluid intake and urine
- the branch of medicine concerned volume
with the performance of 900 AD: Book detailing the
laboratory determinations and characteristics of urine was written
analyses used in the diagnosis and Early Beginnings
treatment of disease and the Hindu Physician (600 B.C.)
maintenance of health ● Polyuria in Diabetes was noted
Philippine Medical Technology Act of ● Sweet taste of diabetic urine
1969 (R.A 5527) Vivian Herrick (1500 B.C.)
- An auxiliary branch of laboratory ● Identified Taenia and Ascaris
medicine which deals with the Georg Moritz Ebers (1550 B.C.)
examination by various chemical, ● Ebers papyrus
microscopic, bacteriologic, and ● Identified 3 stages of Hookworm
other medical procedures, infection and the disease cause to
techniques which will aid the human
physician in the diagnosis, study of ● Oldest and most important
disease and in the promotion of medical papyri of Ancient Egypt
health in general. Ruth Williams (1096 – 1438) During
Hippocrates MEDIEVAL PERIOD
● 300 BC to 180 AD ● Urinalysis is a fad
● Father of Medicine ● Urine attract ants and has
● Hippocratic oath sweetish taste
● Four Humors: Anne Fagelson (14th Century)
○ Blood ● Prominent Italian physician at
○ Phlegm University of Bologna employed
○ Yellow bile “Alessandra Giliani” as laboratory
○ Black bile assistant
Contributions: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
● Advocate testing of urine ● Invented and improved compound
● Listening to the lungs microscope
● Observing appearance
 ● First to describe RBC, protozoa ● Ophthalmoscope (1850) - first
and classify bacteria according to visual technology invented by
shape Hermann von Helmholz
Marcelo Malphigi (1628-1694) ● Laryngoscope (1955) - devised by
● Greatest of early microscopists. Manuel Garcia using two mirrors
● Father of Physiology and to observe the throat and larynx
Embryology ● X-ray (1959) - invented by Wilhelm
● Contribute to Embryology and Roentgen when he discovered by
Anatomy accident that radiation could
Rudolph Virchow (1847) penetrate solid objects of low
● Father of Modern Pathology density; allowed physicians to view
● Founder of Archives of Pathology the inside of the body without
in Berlin surgery; used to diagnose
Herman Fehling (1848) pneumonia, pleurisy, and
● 1st quantitative test for urine sugar tuberculosis since WWII.
11th Century ● Electrocardiograph (1903) -
● Medical practitioners were not developed by William Einthoven to
allowed to conduct examination of measure electrical changes during
the patient’s body beating of the heart.
18th Century ● Kenny method (1910) - served as
● Mechanical techniques and the pioneering work for modern
cadaver were used to understand physical therapy; devised by
the human body. Elizabeth Kenny in the treatment
19th Century of polio (then called infantile
● Physicians began using machines paralysis) using hot packs and
for diagnosis and therapeutics. muscle manipulation; prompted
Device the invention of a new stretcher
● Spirometer - John Hutchinson - (called sylvia stretcher in 1927)
● Sphygmomanometer - Jules intended for transporting patients
Herisson in shock.
● Stethoscope (1816) - first ● Drinker Respirator (1927) -
diagnostic medical breakthrough invented by Philip Drinker to help
invented by Rene Laennec; used to patients with paralytic anterior
acquire information about the poliomyelitis recover normal
lungs and heartbeats respiration with the assistance of
● Microscope (1840) - developed for artificial respirator.
medical purposes due to advances ● Heart-lung machine (1939) - first
in lenses and lower cost; the first visual technology by Hermann von
practical microscope was devised Helmholz.
by Antonie van Leeuwenhook
 ● Cardiac catheterization and Spanish Era
Angiography (1941) - fist operated ● 1565: Hospital Real in Cebu
by Forsmann in 1929; developed by ● 1578: San Lazaro Hospital
Moniz Reboulm, Rousthoi between ● 1596: Hospital de San Juan de Dios
1930 -1940; discovered as safe ● 1641: Hospital de San Jose
methods in humans by Cournand University of Santo Tomas, 1611
in 1941; made seeing the heart lung - 1871 established the first faculties
vessels, and valves possible of pharmacy and medicine.
through inserting a cannula in an - 1957-58 - UST Pharmacy Dept.
arm vein and into the heart with faculty Dr. Antonio and Dr.
an injection of radiopaque dye for Gustavo Reyes offered Medtech as
x=ray visualization. elective subject to 4th and 5th year
History of Medical Technology in the pharmacy students
United States - Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez
● 1895: University of Pennsylvania’s (President of UST) offered it
William Pepper Laboratory of as a full course in 1961.
Clinical Medicine was opened - June 1957 - DepEd issued
● 1918: John Kolmer - Development temporary permit for 1st to 3rd
of a method that would certify year in UST
medical technologist -Published: - June 1960 - Internship permit
The Demand for and Training of program was issued to UST
Laboratory Technician - June 1961: Medtech Fully
● 1920: Administrative units of recognized in UST
clinical laboratories directed by Laboratorio Municipal de Manila
chief physician 5 divisions: Clinical - Established by Spanish authorities
pathology, Bacteriology, in 1887 for laboratory examinations
Microbiology, Serology and of food, water and clinical samples.
Radiology Spanish Military Hospital
● 1922: American Society for Clinical - Converted to FIRST RESERVE
Pathology was founded. Objective: HOSPITAL in 1898 by Lt. Col.
cooperation between physicians Henry Lipincott (Chief Surgeon of
and clinical pathologists as well as the Division of the Pacific and
maintaining the status of clinical Eighth Army Corps.
pathologists. Bureau of Government Laboratories
● 1950: medical technologist in the - Established by the US government,
United States sought professional through the Philippine
recognition form government commission.
History of Medical Technology in the - Under Philippine Commission Act
Philippines No. 156
- Location: Ermita, Manila.
 - First Director: Paul Freer ● Manila Sanitarium and Hospital
- Destroyed during WWII. (MSH)
Manila Public Health Laboratory ○ Opened first school of
- First clinical laboratory in the Medical Technology under
Philippines was established by Mrs. Willa Hedrick.
26th Medical Infantry of 6th ○ Internship: Loma Linda
Division of the US army University in California
- Location: Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, ● 1954 - Philippine Union College
Manila (PUC) in Baesa, Caloocan city (Now
● February 1944 - laboratory Adventist University of the
(MPHL) offered training program Philippines) absorbed MSH School
to high school graduates of Medical Technology.
● June 1945 - US Army left the ● First graduate: Dr. Jesse Umali
Clinical Laboratory and endorsed ○ Successful OB-gynecologist
it to the National Department of in the US
Health. ○ Studied Doctor of Medicine
- The Department rendered the in FEU
laboratory non-functional for ● 1962 - CEU produced its 1st batch
some time of BSMT graduates. Through the
● October 1, 1945 - Dr. Alfredo Pio de effort of Mrs. Purificacion Sunico-
Roda organized the Medical Suaco and approved by CEU
laboratory now known as Manila President Carmen de Luna.
Public Health Laboratory. ● July 5, 1962 - Bureau of Education
- He was assisted by Dr. Mariano approved the BSMT course in FEU
Icasiano who was then the Manila through the efforts of Dr. Horacio
City Health officer. A. Ylagan and Dr. Serafin Juliano
Training Program ● U.P. Manila - Offers similar course
● Dr. Pio de Roda and Prudencia but the degree being conferred is
Sta. Ana - Conducted training B.S. Public Health.
program for aspiring laboratory ● Postgraduate studies for B.S.
workers. Medical Technology
- Sta. Ana: prepare a six-month ● Master’s Degree: UST Graduate
formal syllabus for the training School, Philippine Women’s
program with certificates for the University, Manila Central
trainees upon completion. University, U.P. Manila offered 1
Medical Technology Education year, non-thesis degree in Masters
● 1954 - Bureau of Private Education in Public Health
approved a four year Bachelor of
Science in Medical Technology.