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Wearable IoT PDF

The document discusses wearable and implantable antennas for the Internet of Things. It covers topics such as wireless body area networks, applications of these networks in areas like healthcare, and design challenges and considerations for implantable antennas.

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Mahalakshmi S
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© © All Rights Reserved
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10 views

Wearable IoT PDF

The document discusses wearable and implantable antennas for the Internet of Things. It covers topics such as wireless body area networks, applications of these networks in areas like healthcare, and design challenges and considerations for implantable antennas.

Uploaded by

Mahalakshmi S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 41

Wearable and Implantable

Antennas for IOT

Dr. T.Shanmuganantham
Associate Professor
Department of Electronics Engg.
Pondicherry University
Pondicherry-605 014
1
Contents
 Introduction
 What is BAN…???
 History and Development
 Architecture of BAN
 Taxonomy and Requirements
 Positioning of WBAN
 Patient Monitoring through BAN
 Characteristics of BAN
 Applications
 Research Challenges
 Design of Implantable Antennas
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 Antenna Design Aspects
 Conclusion

2
Introduction
• Recent advances in wireless technologies
enabling the health care sector to deliver a
range of health care services in efficiently.

• Health care services to patients, not only in


hospitals and medical centers, but also in their
homes and work places, thus offering cost
savings and improving the quality of life of
patients.
3
Cont…
• Advancement in mobile and satellite
communication technologies along with
broadband communication techniques, e-
health services can be delivered anywhere at any
time.

• Especially, when wireless devices are integrated


with sensors, it is possible to acquire and monitor
human signals at any environment at any time.
4
Cont…
• Telemedicine and e-health services could offer
several significant advantages, including speedup
of diagnosis, therapeutic care for emergencies,
offering specialist services to remote and rural
locations, and supporting patients’ mobility and
lifestyles.

• E-health services can take advantages of Wireless


Body Area Network (WBAN), which can act as an
enabling technology.
5
Cont…
• A WBAN monitors physiological signals from tiny
sensors with wireless transmission capability
placed either inside or around a person’s body,
which are used to collect important health data
of a person during a particular activity.

• An essential part of WBANs is the transducer that


converts electrical signals into electromagnetic
waves and vice-versa.
6
Cont…
• This has been done by antennas for medium-long
range communications or inductive coils for very
short range communication.

• Usually the communication in WBAN is either


short range or medium range.

• A WBAN system needs to support scalable data


rates up to 10 Mbps; only the Ultra Wide Band
(UWB) Antenna based wireless schemes can
meet this requirement(Max.1Gb/s).
7
Wireless Body Area Network Scheme

8
Fig. 1 WBAN
Fig.2 Modern Hospital Monitoring Network
9
Fig.3 Block Diagram of WBAN

10
• Antennas are the key components of any
wireless system, it is essential that they have
ultra-wideband performance particularly with
respect to impedance bandwidth and omni
radiational characteristics.

11
Table1 Characteristic Data of
Wireless Technology used for
WBAN

12
Cont….

Table No. 2
13
Fig.4 IEEE Wireless Standards
14
What is BAN…???
 Definition by IEEE: “A communication standard optimized
for low power devices for their operation on, in or around the
human body (but not limited to humans) to serve a variety of
applications including medical, consumer electronics or
personal entertainment and other.”

 Broad range of possible devices


 Connect everything you carry on you and with you
 Offer “Connected User” experience

1/20/2021 15
History and Development of BAN
BAN technology is still an emerging technology.
1 Gbit/s
Wireless USB
100 Mbit/s

10 Mbit/s IEEE 802.11 a/b/g

1 Mbit/s Bluetooth

100 kbit/s
ZigBee
10 kbit/s

1 kbit/s

2 mW 5 mW 10 mW 20 mW 50 mW100 mW200 mW500 mW1000 mW


1/20/2021 16
Architecture of WBAN

Figure 5: WBAN Architecture


1/20/2021 17
Hardware requirements for WBAN
• BAN network (in general terms) is also
known as Wireless BAN or Body Sensor
Network (BSN)

• An application technology aimed at


improving user comfort.
• Devices used:
– Sensor node
– Actuator node
– Personal device
• Sensor Node:
– Gathers data on physical stimuli, processes
the data if necessary and reports this
information wirelessly. Consists of several
components:
• Sensor hardware
• A power unit
• A processor, memory and
• A transmitter or transceiver.
Eg : i Rhythm
• Actuator Node:
– Acts according to data received from sensors /
through interaction with the user.
– Components similar to sensors:
• Actuator hardware (e.g. hardware for medicine
administration, including a reservoir to hold the
medicine)
• A power unit, a processor, memory and
• A receiver or transceiver
• Personal Device:
– Gathers all the information acquired by the
sensors and actuators
– Informs User (i.e. the patient, a nurse, a doc etc.)
via an external gateway, an actuator or a
display/LEDS on the device.
– Components:
• A power unit, a (large) processor, memory and a
transceiver.
– Also called a Body Control Unit (BCU) , body
gateway or a sink.

– E.g.: PDA
Software for WBAN

• Software have a well-defined interface to


integrate hardware and application
programs.
• Software include three levels: firmware, OS
and application software stacks.
• OS can be Symbian OS, Android OS,
Blackberry OS, Windows mobile etc.
Taxonomy and Requirements
1. Types of Devices
a. Sensor Node
b. Actuator Node
c. Personal Devices

2. Data Rates
3. Energy
4. Quality of Service and Reliability
5. Security and Privacy
6. Usability
1/20/2021 23
Positioning of WBAN
The communication in WBAN is divided into:
1. Intra-body Communication
2. Extra-body Communication

Fig.6 Intra-body and Extra-body Communication in WBAN


1/20/2021 24
Patient Monitoring through BAN
A BAN allows continuous monitoring of the
physiological parameters.

1/20/2021 Fig.7 Patient Monitoring in a WBAN 25


Characteristics of BAN

• Energy efficiency
• Simple nodes
• Heterogeneous nodes
• Cost structure
• Combination of a wireless network and a
wired network
Applications

 Medical Heath Care


 Sports and Fitness Monitoring
 Wireless Audio
 Mobile Device Integration
Personal Video Devices
 Military
 Security
Gaming
Medical Health Care

• Medical application
– Vital patient data
– Wireless sensors
– Link with bedside monitor
– Count on 10 – 20 sensors
• Five similar networks in range
• Minimum setup interaction
• Potentially wide application
• Total traffic / patient < 10 kbps Fig.8 Patient Monitoring in a
WBAN
Coint.
 Current healthcare applications of wireless sensor
networks target heart problems cancer, asthma,
glucose level monitoring, stress monitoring etc.
 Smart biosensors will open up new opportunities for
continuous monitoring of patients.

1/20/2021
Fig.9 Patient Monitoring in a WBAN 29
Fig.10 Patient Monitoring in a WBAN
Entertainment and Sports

Fig.11 WBAN in Entertainment, Fitness and Sport

1/20/2021 31
Assisted Living

Fig.12 WBAN as Assisted Living


1/20/2021 32
Displaying Data

• In Handheld devices or
PCs
• Monitoring
• Heart rate
• Body temperature
• Sleep pattern
• Glucose level
• Foetal development
etc…

Fig.13 Displaying Data


Previous Technology

• Holter Monitor

• Obsolete technology
• Inefficient and Not
User Friendly
• Lots of wires
• Soon to be buried
• Just 24 hr battery
backup
Fig.14 Holter Monitor
New Technology

• Small
• Efficient
• Everything that the latter
technology wasn't
• Up to 2 weeks usage.

Fig.15 New Technology


Fitness Monitoring
• Central device is MP3 player
• Wireless headset included
• Expand functionality
– Speed, distance
– Heart rate, respiration monitor
– Temperature sensor
– Pacing information
– Location information
– Wristwatch display unit
– Etc.
• Total system load < 500 kbps
• Synchronization may go faster

Fig.16 Fitness Monitoring


Wearable Audio
• Central device is headset
• Stereo audio, microphone
• Connected devices
– Cellular phone
– MP3 player, PDA
– CD audio player
– AP at home
– Handsfree car
– Remote control
– Others
• Requires priority mechanism
• Network load < 500 kbps Fig.17 New Technology
Mobile Device Centric

• Mobile terminal is central


point
• Covers broad set of data
– Sensors – vital, other
– Headset
– Peripheral devices
– Handsfree / car
• Provide gateway to outside
– Offload sensor data, other
• Requires priority mechanism
• Network load < 500 kbps
Fig.18 WBAN
Layout

Fig.19 Layout
Source: M. Li and W. Lou, “Data Security And Privacy In Wireless Body Area
Networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, Feb. 2010
Conclusion
A WBAN is expected to be a very useful
technology with potential to offer a wide
range of benefits to patients, medical
personnel and society through continuous
monitoring and early detection of possible
problems.

The current technological evolutions will bring


us closer to a fully operational WBAN that acts
as an enabler for improving the Quality of Life.
1/20/2021 40
Thank You

41

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