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Parts of Computer and Their Functions

The document discusses the main internal and external components of a computer system. Internally it describes the tower/system unit, motherboard, CPU, RAM, graphics card, sound card, hard disk drive, solid state drive, power supply unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Externally it discusses common peripherals like printers, scanners, computer speakers, microphones, graphics tablets, headphones, and headsets.

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1K views

Parts of Computer and Their Functions

The document discusses the main internal and external components of a computer system. Internally it describes the tower/system unit, motherboard, CPU, RAM, graphics card, sound card, hard disk drive, solid state drive, power supply unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Externally it discusses common peripherals like printers, scanners, computer speakers, microphones, graphics tablets, headphones, and headsets.

Uploaded by

adrianquinineza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTS OF COMPUTER AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

1. Tower/System Unit-This is the part that holds all of the parts of a computer to
make up the computer system.

2. Motherboard-The motherboard is the main board that is screwed directly inside the
computer case. All other cards and everything else plugs directly into the
motherboard. The CPU, RAM, drives, power supply, and more are connected to it.

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)-The CPU or central processing unit is basically like the
brain of computer systems. It processes all the information on a computational level.

4. Random Access Memory (RAM)- RAM or random access memory is a data storage
device that can provide fast read and write access. RAM is volatile memory, meaning
it loses all the stored data when power is lost. The RAM keeps data ready for the
CPU to process. The RAM speed is a big contributor to the overall speed of a
computer system.

5. Graphics Card (GPU)- A graphics card is an output device that processes the data
from the motherboard and sends the appropriate information to the computer’s
screen for display. You can connect monitors to it using HDMI, DisplayPort, DVI, or
VGA connectors. It can also be referred to as a video or display card. A video card
takes the burden of all the video processing from the main CPU. This gives a
computer a big boost in performance.

6. Sound Card-Most of the time, the sound chip built into the motherboard is used for
audio output. But, if you are a sound enthusiast or prefer high-quality audio output
while playing a game, you might be inclined to use a sound card. Sound cards plug
into a computer in multiple ways. It can be through USB, PCI slot, or PCI Express x
1 slot.
7. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)- A hard drive is still found in most computers to this day. It’s
usually a mechanical drive that stores all the data. Apart from storing data, it can
also be used as a boot drive to run the operating system from it. You can install
operating systems of many different kinds depending on your needs. An operating
system is a software program that’s installed, making a computer useable like
Microsoft Windows, for example. The biggest vulnerability of a mechanical drive is
its physically fragile nature. One bump the wrong way can destroy a whole drive.

8. Solid State Drive (SDD)- An SSD is also a type of hard drive, but it doesn’t have any
moving parts. It consists of a bank of flash memory that can hold a reasonable
amount of data. The SSD is a high-performance drive. It’s fast and cannot be as
easily damaged by dropping it or taking a few bumps.

9. Power Supply Unit - A power supply unit mounts inside the computer case. This
converts the AC mains supply from the power cord from a wall socket and supplies
the correct DC voltages to all the components inside the computer.

10.Monitor or Visual Display Unit (VDU)- is an output device used to visualize the
graphics data sent from the computer’s GPU. There are various types of monitors on
the market. A LED (Light Emitting Diode) backlit LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitor
is the most commonly used with modern computers.
11.Keyboard-A keyboard is an input device that is one of the ways to communicate with
a computer. Typing a key from the keyboard sends a small portion of data to tell the
computer which key was pressed.

12. Mouse-A mouse is an input device that allows the user to move a pointer displayed on
the monitor and experience a more intuitive interaction with computer systems.

13. Mouse Pad- A mousepad is a surface for placing and moving a computer mouse. A
mousepad enhances the usability of the mouse compared to using a mouse directly on a
table by providing a surface to allow it to measure movement accurately and without jitter.

COMMON EXTERNAL PERIPHERALS


1. Printer-A printer can take an image sent by a computer and deliver it onto a sheet
of paper. It does this by using the data from the computer, and by either using toner
or ink, it deposits one of these in a controlled and accurate manner to form the
image.

2. Scanner- A scanner can take anything on paper and scan it to produce a replicated
digital image. This is also handy for saving physical photos you want to preserve.
Once the photo is stored digitally, it won’t decay as a physical photo does over time.
3. Computer Speakers-Computer speakers can connect up to the sound card at the
rear of the computer.

4. Microphone-The function of a microphone in a computer is to pick up sound, just


like a microphone used by a singer on stage, and convert the audio sound waves
into electrical signals.

5. Graphics Tablet-Also called a drawing tablet or a pen tablet, a graphics tablet is a


natural input device that converts information from a handheld stylus. The user uses
the stylus like a pen, pencil, or paintbrush, pressing its tip on the tablet surface. The
device can also be used in replacement of a computer mouse.

6. Headphone-Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in


contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits sound into the open air for anyone nearby
to hear.

7. Headset-A headset is a hardware device that connects to a telephone or computer,


allowing the user to talk and listen while keeping their hands free. Headsets are
commonly used in technical support and customer service centers, and allows the
employee to talk to a customer while typing information into a computer. They are
also commonly used by computer gamers, allowing them to hear and talk with
others, while using the keyboard and mouse to play the game.

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