SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Quarter 1- Module 1
The Meaning and Method of Doing
Philosophy

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1- Module 1: The Meaning and Method of Doing Philosophy
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education-Division of Misamis

Oriental Superintendent: Jonathan S. Dela Peña, Ph.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

 Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Quarter 1- Module 1
The Meaning and Method of Doing
Philosophy

This instructional material is collaboratively developed and reviewed by

Teacher, School Head, Public School District Supervisor, and Education
Program Supervisors of the Department of Education- Misamis Oriental
Division. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email
their feedback, comments and recommendations to the Department of
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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Page No.

Overview 1
General Instructions 2
3
Lesson 1: The Meaning and Method of Doing Philosophy
What I Need to Know 3
4
What I Know
4
What’s In 4
What’s New 5
What Is It? 6
Lesson 1.1 7
What I Know 7
8
What’s In
Lesson 1.2 9
What I Know 9
What’s In 10
What’s New 11
What Is It? 12
Lesson 1.3 12
What I Know 13
What’s In 13
14
What’s New
What Is It? 15
What’s More 15
What I Have Learned 16
What Can I Do 17
Assessment 18
Answer Key 19
References 20
 OVERVIEW
Hello dear learners! Welcome to this module on Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person. This module will help you understand the meaning and process of doing
philosophy of the human person as an embodied being in the world and the environment as
a means towards a holistic understanding of life. It contains activities that will help you
reflects on a concrete experience in a philosophical way and demonstrates various ways of
doing philosophy and evaluate opinion. The module is self – instructional and allows you to
learn in your own space, at your own pace. So, relax and enjoy learning.

To the teacher:

This lesson assume that the teacher has already introduced to his/ her learners
knowledge about philosophy and its importance as discipline and a means of understanding
life.

The primary goal of this module is to help learners engaged in some simple activities
in order to have necessary skills and understanding and reflects on a concrete experience in
a philosophical way.

To the Learners:

At the end of this module, you will be able to reflect on your daily experiences from a
holistic point of view and acquires critical and analytical thinking skills so that you can apply
this critical and analytical thinking skills to the affairs of your daily life and should be able to
demonstrate a capacity for a critical and analytical reflection from the perspective of a
holistic and profound vision of life.

In order to achieve the objectives of this module, it is necessary to have completed

all the module for you to fully understand the activities and discussions.

Specifically, this module consists of the following lessons:

 Lesson 1.1- The Difference Between Holistic Perspective from a Partial Point of View
 Lesson 1.2 – The Value of Doing Philosophy
 Lesson 1.3 – Doing a Philosophical Reflection

1
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

For the learners: For the teacher:

To be guided in achieving the To facilitate and ensure the
objectives of this module, do the students’ learning from this module,
following: you are encouraged to do the
following (you may edit this part):
1. Read and follow instructions
carefully. 1. Clearly communicate
2. Write all your ANSWERS in learning competencies and
your PHILOSOPHY objectives
ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK. 2. Motivate through
3. Answer the pretest before applications and connections
going through the lessons. to real life.
4. Take note and record points 3. Give applications of the
for clarification. theory
5. Compare your answers 4. Discuss worked-out
against the key to answers examples
found at the end of the 5. Give time for hands-on
module. unguided classroom work
6. Do the activities and and discovery
fully understand each 6. Use formative assessment
lesson. to give feedback
7. Answer the self-check to 7. Introduce extensions or
monitor what you learned in generalizations of concepts
each lesson. 8. Engage in reflection
8. Answer the posttest after questions
you have gone over all the 9. Encourage analysis through
lessons. higher order thinking

2
 Lesson The Meaning and Method

1 of Doing Philosophy
The study of this subject is an initiation to the activity and process of philosophical
reflection as a search for a synoptic vision of life. At the end of the course, you should be
able to reflect on their daily experiences from a holistic point of view, acquire critical and
analytical thinking skills and should be able to apply this critical and analytical thinking skills
to the affairs of daily life and become truthful, environment-friendly and service-oriented.
Actively committed to the development of a more humane society and articulate their own
philosophy of life.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

Objectives: After going through this module, you are expected to understand the
meaning and process of doing philosophy, to:

1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view PPT11/12-Ia-1.1

2. Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life
PPT11/12-Ib-1.2
3. Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective
PPT11/12-Ib-1.3

Before heading on to our lesson, let us first check what you already know.

3
 WHAT I KNOW?

INSTRUCTION: Write your answer in the space provided

below.

What words come to mind when you hear the word Philosophy? Why do we need to
study Philosophy?

Great job! Later we will see if your answers are correct by reading the rest of
this module.

WHAT’S IN?

The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia
(wisdom). The ancient Greeks used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” and they soon
applied it to the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate
causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence,

knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

Philosophy in simple words is a way of thinking about the world, the universe, and
society. It works by asking very basic questions about the nature of human thought, the
nature of the universe, and the connections between them. The ideas in philosophy are often
general and abstract.

Philosophy is the study of humans and the world by thinking and asking questions. It
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is a science and an art. Philosophy tries to answer important questions by coming up with
answers about real things and asking "why?"

4
 WHAT’S NEW?

Do you know of some Greek Philosophers?

Philosophers- are people who engage in philosophy.

Direction: Identify the following person in the picture below. Write your answer on the
space provided below.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

5
 WHAT IS IT?

The most notable ancient Greek philosophers are:

Pythagoras (570 BCE to 495 BCE)- A mathematician and scientist, he was credited with
formulating the Pythagorean theorem.

Heraclitus (535 BCe to 475 BCE)- He proposed that everything that exists is based on a
higher order or plan which he called logos.

Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)- He devoted himself to the study of the causes of
natural phenomena.

Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE to 323 BCE)- He was a known advocate of living a simple
and virtuous life.

Epicurus (341 BCE to 270 BCE)- He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life
of happiness.

Socrates (470 BCE to 399 BCE)- He was considered the foremost philosophers of ancient
times. He was credited with formulating the Socratic method- means of
examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine
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and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.

Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE)- A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teaching
and incorporated some of his own ideas into them. Plato’s most significant
ideas included his Theory of Forms, which proposes that everything that exist is
based on an idea or template than can only be perceived in the mind. Plato is
also known for his dialectic- a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are
discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge. Plato’s lasting contribution
to learning was his founding of the Academy, an institution of higher learning.

Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE)- He attended the Academy, and was the prominent student
of Plato. For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is
based on what we can sense and perceive. His studies in logic led to the
formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning which give rise to
deductive reasoning-the process by which specific statements are analysed to
reach a conclusion or generalization.

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 Lesson The Difference Between
1.1 Holistic Perspective from
a Partial Point of View
We have already discussed the meaning of Philosophy from our previous lesson.
Now, let us proceed to another topic.

 Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in

systems. A holistic perspective requires an individual to have an open mindset
and ability to get the general sense or impression regarding a situation.

 Partial thinking focuses on specific aspects of a situation. The partial view is an

important component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain
areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand it.

WHAT I KNOW?

Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer on
the space provided below.

1. Give a situation where you are adopted a holistic view in looking at a problem or
situation.

2. How can having a holistic view help us become better individuals.

7
 WHAT’S IN

The term "holistic thinking" refers to a big picture mentality in which a person
recognizes the interconnectedness of various elements that form larger systems, patterns
and objects. Thinking holistically is the opposite of analyzing something, which involves
breaking down a larger system into its details.

Holistic medicine is a prominent example of holistic thinking. A medical professional

who believes in holistic care considers the relationship between the mind, body and spirit.
For example, holistic doctors don't just provide patients with medications. Instead, they look
at ways to improve life balance and eradicate health problems from their root source, such
as high stress or bad nutrition.

In philosophy, point of view describes the perception of an event or phenomenon and

how exactly it is viewed. Point of view often is shaped by an individual's beliefs or
experiences. Though partial thinking is useful, philosophy utilizes holistic thinking in making
sense of problems and issues related to the human experience.

People tend to apply an analytical perspective when looking at problems or

situations. A holistic view gives rise to a more appreciative perspective about life, as we are
able to look at life in its totality.

TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF THINKING

Study.com

8
Lesson The Value of Doing
Philosophy in Obtaining a
1.2 Broad Perspective on Life
Why do we philosophize? We all have the potential to philosophize since we have
the tendency to wonder and doubt.

A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his or
her ideas.

Doing philosophy can be applied in day-to-day activities and life perspectives.

Because it involves an evaluative process, doing philosophy allows a person to make better
decisions and act accordingly to situations with the help of various philosophical skills. On
life perspectives, philosophy enables reflective thinking which greatly influences a person’s
view of life, challenges, and relationships

In doing philosophy, a holistic perspective on the subject is always required. Failure to

do so or only using a partial point of view may lead to illogical or incorrect conclusions.

WHAT I KNOW

Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer in space
provided below.

1. How can a person benefit from philosophizing?

2. What are the reasons that compel a person to engage in philosophical thinking?

9
 WHAT’S IN

Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of

wonder. Whenever we are confronted with an experience, we
always wonder how it came about.

French philosopher Rene Descartes traced the need to philosophize to doubt. In life,
we will be faced with several ideas and arguments which present themselves as “truths”. A
critical and questioning perspective is necessary to determine if indeed these ideas or views
are correct or true.

Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the need to philosophize because of

experience. These experiences limit situation, philosophy provides us a means to
understand adverse or challenging conditions, and to rise above them and gain new
knowledge and perspective.

The need to philosophize is

driven by the love for wisdom. To love
wisdom is to have an insatiable
desire for truth.

Philosophy itself is a distinct

area of knowledge with its own goals,
concerns, and ways of doing things.

https://thefearlesshustle.com/

10
 WHAT’S NEW?

Direction: Based on the picture below. Identify the branches of Philosophy. Write your
answer on the space provided.

PHILOSOPHY
 WHAT IS IT?

The following are the branches of philosophy that deals

with a particular aspect of life or phenomena.

Aesthetics is the branch of Philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes things
“beautiful”.

Logic is branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.

Epistemology discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.

Ethics is the branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas.

Political Philosophy studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the
rights and obligations of citizens.

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding reality and
existence.

Philosophy of the Human Person-is an area in philosophy that understand the human
person from a philosophical perspective.

Lesson Doing a Philosophical

1.3 Reflection on a Situation
from Holistic Perspective
 Reflection requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings,
and action and to learn more about one’s life and experiences.
 Human self-reflection is the capacity of humans to exercise introspection and to
attempt to learn more about their fundamental nature and essence.
 Philosophy has an important place in our daily lives. Engaging in philosophical
reflection leads to the development of beneficial skills that individuals can apply
in everyday situations.

1211
WHAT I KNOW

Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question.

Write your answer on the space provided below.

1. Have you ever had an experience where reflecting on your actions benefitted you?

2. Has reflection ever helped you avoid making a bad decision?

13
WHAT’S IN

Reflection is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out and
are done with due regard for their implications and consequences on ourselves, others, and
our surroundings.

When we reflect, we can judge whether our actions or decisions are reasonable or not.
Doing Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of
concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems.

Doing Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making. The ability to
analyze a problem or dilemma, identify the significant aspects, and come up with alternative
solutions is an important skill learned through philosophy.

In the process of doing philosophy, it is critical to have a holistic point of view-the

perception of looking at all aspects of a situation first before making a conclusion.

Wisdom as it refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in

making sound choices and judgment is the intended product of philosophizing.

Finally, knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development.

Examples of activities that emanated

from a deliberate reflection
 Learning from your previous mistakes and not repeating them
again
 Evaluating and knowing the best choice from a set of options
 Gaining a holistic point of view first before making any conclusion

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 WHAT’S NEW?

Direction: Complete the table below. Write your answer on the space provided.

ACTIONS WHAT MUST BE DONE BEFORE THE

ACTION?
1. Buying a new gadget
2. Choosing friends
3. Eating food
4. Deciding where to study in College
5. Joining an organization in school
6. Helping a stranger
7. Going out with friends
8. Posting your opinion or feelings in the
social media
9. Going out with the opposite sex
10. Confronting a person who verbally
hurt you

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 WHAT IS IT?

Based on your answers in Table 1, what must before making

actions? Do you consider it helpful if you do this before making actions? Why or why not?

Simple action seems to take a whole new meaning when one engages in reflection.
Like buying a new gadget, think of the questions you asked yourself as you consider buying
the said item.

You may start with simple questions, but since we are in reflective and
philosophizing mood, we try and think of deeper questions and reflect on the situation

WHAT’S MORE

Direction: TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct otherwise

choose FALSE. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder.

2. The need to philosophize is driven by the love for wisdom.
3. This is an area in philosophy that understand the human person from a
philosophical perspective is holistic thinking.
4. Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the need to philosophize
because of doubt.
5. Aesthetics is branch of philosophy which deals with beauty.
6. Ethics is a branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.
7. Logic is a branch of philosophy which discusses the nature of knowledge and
knowing.
8. Philosophy of the Human Person is a branch of philosophy which deals with
moral questions and dilemmas.
9. Metaphysics is branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding
reality and existence.
10.Political Philosophy is branch of philosophy which studies governments and
deals with questions of justice, power and the rights and obligations of citizens.

16
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Direction: Fill in the blanks. Write your answer on the space provided.

Experience Knowledge Greek

Holistic Thinking Partial Thinking Lover of Wisdom

 Philosophy – comes from two word philos (love) and sophias

(wisdom) is the study of general and fundamental questions
about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
 Philosophers – or people who are engage in philosophy.
 A man needs to philosophize because of his sense of wonder, doubt and
_.
 Philosophy does not limit itself to its own field as it makes sense of information
gathered from various fields of (e.g., science, psychology,
economics, politics, etc.,)
 Philosophy of the Human Person is an area in philosophy that understand the human
person from a philosophical perspective which involves holistic thinking and
.
 Philosophical reflection is important in our daily lives as it ensures that our actions
and decisions are well thought by using a deeper, holistic perspective.
 In doing philosophy, critical, logical, and analytical thinking, observation, and
communicative skills were involved.

17
 WHAT I CAN DO

Direction: Write your answer on the space provided below.

1. List down instances in your life that you were able to engage in philosophy.

2. How did philosophy help you address your situation?

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 ASSESSMENT

After our lesson, let us now check what you have

learned.

Direction: encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The word Philos is a Greek word means .

a. Love b. Wisdom c. Philosopher d. Philosophy

2. Sophia is a Greek word for .

a. Love b. Wisdom c. Philosopher d. Philosophy

3. The people who engages in philosophy are called .

a. Love b. wisdom c. Philosophy d. Philosopher

4. He was considered the foremost philosophers of ancient times. He was credited with
formulating the Socratic method .
a. Plato b. Aristotle c. Socrates d. Democritus

5. A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teaching and incorporated some
of his own ideas into them included his Theory of Forms .
a. Plato b. Aristotle c. Socrates d. Democritus

6. It refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems .

a. Doubt b. Academy c. Holistic Thinking d. Partial Thinking

7. It focuses on specific aspects of a situation, as an individual focuses on certain areas

or aspects of a problem in order to understand it.
a. Doubt b. Academy c. Holistic Thinking d. Partial Thinking

8. It is the process by which specific statements are analysed to reach a conclusion or

generalization.
a. Academy b. Deductive reasoning c. Holistic d. Partial

9. It requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and action and
to learn more about one’s life and experiences.
a. Reflection b. Observation c. Knowledge d. Doubts

10. The Greek term for philosophy, philosophia, means .

a. Holistic Thinking d. Partial Thinking c. Love of wisdom d. Knowledge

Congratulations!
You have completed your journey in this module. You did a great job!
It’s now time to go on to the next adventure…Good luck!

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Rubrics for Short Answer
Correct answer Correct answer Correct answer Correct answer
but not in a written in a written in a written in a
sentence sentence but no sentence with 1 sentence with 2
supporting detail supporting detail supporting details
from the text from the text
1 2 3 4

2019
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