2 GRAMMAR BANK

2A past simple: regular and irregular verbs

regular irregular G2.2 • We use didn't+infinitive for negatives and
Did...+subject+infinitive for questions.
[] We stayed at a hotel last summer. I went to Turkey twice last year.
• Use ASI and QuASI to remember word order in
El He didn't stay with friends. She didn't go to France. questions. See 1A p.126.
[1] Did you stay for the weekend? Did you go to Madrid?
spelling rules for regular verbs
[ZJ[K] Yes, I did. No, we didn't.
Wh[l] Where did you stay ? Why did you go? infinitive past spelling

work worked
• We use the past simple to talk about finished actions that happened add -ed
stay stayed
once or more than once in the past.
• The form of the past simple is the same for all persons. like liked add d if verb finishes in e

• To make the past simple ill of regular verbs add -ed. study studied y - ied after a consonant
See the spelling rules in the chart. if verb finishes in consonant-
• Many common verbs are irregular in ill past simple, stop stopped vowel-consonant, double the
e.g. go - went, see - saw. See Irregular verbs p.164. final consonant

2B past continuous: was I were + verb + -ing

At 8.45 last Saturday I was walking in the park. G2.11 past simple or past continuous?
The birds were singing. It wasn't raining. We were walking in the gardens when G2.12
A Was it raining when you got up? B No, it wasn't. he took a photo of us.
A What were you doing at 11 o'clock last night? B I was watching TV. My sister arrived when I was having lunch.

I/ He/ She/ It was working. You/ We / They were working. • We often use the past continuous and the past
simple together in the same sentence. We use
I/ He/ She/ It wasn't working. You/ We/ They weren't working. the past continuous to talk about a longer action
Was he working? Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't. that was happening in the background when the
IIJIZ][l] shorter past simple action happened.
Were they working? Yes, they were. I No, they weren't.

• We use the past continuous to describe an action in progress at a

specific moment in the past.
• We often use the past continuous to describe the situation at the
beginning of a story, e.g. In 1972 I was living in London.

2C time sequencers connectors: because, so, but, although

because and so
On their first date they went to a restaurant. G2.17
After that they started meeting every day.
She was driving fast because she was in a hurry. G2.1a
On Thursday I had an argument with my boss. She was in a hurry, so she was driving fast.
The next day I decided to look for a new job.
We sat down to eat. Two minutes later my phone rang. • We use because to express a reason.
When I came out of the club, he was waiting for me. • We use so to express a result.
The accident happened when I was crossing the road.
but and although
• We use time sequencers to say when or in what order things
happen. She tried to stop the car, but she hit the man.
• We use when as a time sequencer and also to join two Although she tried to stop the car, she hit the man.
actions. I was watching TV when the phone rang. (two verbs She was very tired, but she couldn't sleep.
joined by when) She couldn't sleep, although she was very tired.
p then, after that • We use but and although to show a contrast.
The most common way of linking consecutive actions • Although can go at the beginning or in the middle of
is with then or after that, but NOT after, e.g. I got up and the sentence.
got dressed. Then I After that I made a cup of coffee.
NOT A#er,tmade a cup ef ceffcc.
 2A GRAMMAR past simple: regular and irregular verbs
Complete the conversations with the past simple form of the verbs in brackets.

1 A Is this your first time in the UK, Anna?

B No, I 1had (have) a holiday in Scotland last year.
A Really? I love Scotland! Where 2 you
(stay)?
B We 3
(stay) in Edinburgh. We 4 (book)
a hotel online, but unfortunately when we 5 (arrive)
we 6
(not like) it. So we 7
(leave) that
hotel and 8
(rent) an apartment. It was great! What
about you? When 9
(be) you in Scotland?
A Oh, a long time ago. I 10 (start) a university course
there. I 11
(not finish) the course, but I
12
(love) Scotland!

2 A Hi, Oliver. Welcome home! How 13 (be) your flight?

B Hi, Mum. It 14 (not be) bad. I 15 (not sleep)
much, but I 16
(watch) some good films.
A And 17
you (like) New Zealand?
B Yes! It 18
(be) fantastic. I 19 (have) a great
time. It’s a really beautiful country and I 20 (meet)
some amazing people. I 21
(not want) to come home!
A 
22
you (take) many photos?
B Yes, I 23
(take) a lot. I can show you when we
get home.

3 A Ruth! You’re back! 24 you (have)

a good holiday?
B No. It 25 (be) awful.
A Why? What happened?
B We 26 (stay) in a horrible apartment, and Tom
27
(think) the city was dangerous at night, so
we 28
(not go) out much in the evening.
A What 29
you (do) during the day?
30
you (go) sightseeing?
B Yes, we 31 (visit) all the famous places. But we
32
(argue) a lot. Tom 33 (buy) very
expensive souvenirs for all his family! I 34
(not buy)
anything.

ACTIVATION

Test your memory. Cover the conversations and look at the pictures.
Try to remember what happened to Anna, Oliver, and Ruth and Tom.
175
175
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