1. An OTTO Engine has a clearance volume of 7%. It produces 300 kW of power.

What is the
amount of heat rejected in kW?
A. 170 C. 160
B. 152 D. 145

2. An air standard engine has a compression ratio of 20 and a cut-off ratio of 5. If the intake
air pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 27°C, find the work in kJ/kg.
A. 2796 C. 2165
B. 2437 D. 2751
3. Determine the air-standard efficiency of an engine operating on the Diesel cycle when the
suction pressure is 99.97 kPa and the fuel is injected for 6% of the stroke, the clearance
volume is 8% of the stroke. Assume k =1.4.
A. 60.07% C. 65.01%
B. 67.01% D. 64.02%

4. In an air standard OTTO cycle, the clearance volume is 18% of the displacement volume.
Find the thermal efficiency.
A. 0.52 C. 0.55
B. 0.53 D. 0.60
5. In an air standard Diesel cycle, compression starts at 100 kPa and 300 K. the compression
ratio is 16 to 1. The maximum cycle temperature is 2031 K. Determine the thermal
efficiency.
A. 60.27% C. 62.27%
B. 63.27% D. 64.27%

6. A Diesel engine is operating on a 4-stroke cycle, has a heat rate of 11,315.6 kJ/kW-hr
brake. The compression ratio is 13. The cut-off ratio is 2. Using k=1.32 what is the brake
engine efficiency?
A. 63.5 C. 51.2
B. 73.5 D. 45.3
7. The compression ratio of an ideal OTTO cycle is 6:1. Initial conditions are 101.3 kPa and
20°C. Find the pressure and temperature at the end of adiabatic compression.
A. 1244.5 kPa, 599.96 K C. 1244.5 Kpag, 60°C
B. 1244.5 kPa, 60°C D. 1244.5 kPa, 599.96°C

8. An engine operates on the air-standard OTTO cycle. The cycle work is 1000 kJ/kg. What is
the compression ratio of the engine if the maximum cycle temperature is 3173 K and the
temperature at the end of isentropic compression is 773 K.
A. 6.85 C. 8.85
B. 7.85 D. 9.85
9. The conditions at the beginning of compression in an OTTO engine operating on hot-air
standard with k=1.35 are 101.325 kPa, 0.05 m³ and 32°C. The clearance is 8% and 15 kJ
are added per cycle. Determine the mean effective pressure.
A. 323.97 kPa C. 223.97 kPa
B. 423.97 kPa D. 523.97 kPa

10. The compression ratio of an OTTO cycle is 9. If the initial pressure is 150 kPa, determine
the final pressure.
A. 1 251.10 kPa C. 4 251.10 kPa
B. 2 251.10 kPa D. 3 251.10 kPa
A.
11. There are supplied 400 kJ per cycle to an ideal Diesel engine operating on 500 g air,
P1=100kPa, T1 =50°C. At the end of compression, P2=4000 kPa. Determine the effective
pressure of the engine.
A. 657.57 kPa C. 457.57 kPa
B. 557.57 kPa D. 357.57 kPa

12. What is the final temperature after compression of a Diesel cycle if the initial temperature is
32°C and the clearance is 8%.
A. 863.84 K C. 763.84 K
B. 963.84 K D. 663.84 K
13. An Ideal Dual Combustion cycle operates on 500 gram of air. At the beginning of the
compression, the air is at 100 kPa, 45°C. If rp=1.5, rc= 1.65, and rk=10, determine the cycle
efficiency.
A. 53.88% C. 55.88%
B. 54.88% D. 56.88%

14. The compression ratio of an engine working on the constant volume cycle is 9.3 to 1. At the
beginning of compression, the temperature is 31°c and at the end of combustion the
temperature 1205°C. Taking the compression and expansion to be adiabatic and the value
of k as 1.4. Calculate the theoretical thermal efficiency.

A. 59.02% C. 58.02%
B. 54.02% D. 56.02%
15. The compression ratio in a Diesel engine is 13 to 1 and the ratio of expansion is 6.5 to 1. At
the beginning of compression the temperature is 32°C. Assuming adiabatic compression
and expansion calculate the ideal thermal efficiency taking the specific heats at constant
pressure and volume as 1.005 kJ/kg.K and 0.718 kJ/kg.K respectively.
A. 54% C. 56%
B. 58% D. 52%

16. The stroke of a gas engine which works on the constant volume cycle is 450 mm. The
pressure at the beginning of the compression is 1.01 bar and at compression it is 11.1 bar.
Assuming compression follows the law PV1.36=C calculate the clearance between the piston
and cylinder cover at the end of compression in mm of length.
A. 73.26 mm C. 93.26 mm
B. 83.26 mm D. 103.26 mm
17. The ratio of compression in a Diesel engine is 16 to 1 and the temperature of the air at the
beginning of the compression is 49°C. Calculate the temperature at the end of compression
assuming it follows the law PV1.34 =C.
A. 826.53°C C. 453.43°C
B. 553.53°C D. 653.53°C

18. The stroke of the piston in an internal combustion engine is 880 mm and the clearance is
equal to 80 mm. The law of compression is PV1.38=C and the pressure at the end of
compression is 32 bar. Find the increase of the final pressure caused by reducing clearance
by 5 mm.
A. 3.82 bar C. 1.82 bar
B. 2.82 bar D. 4.82 bar
19. In an internal combustion engine working on the constant volume cycle, the pressure,
volume and temperature at the beginning of compression are 101.325 kPa, 113 liters and
48°C respectively, and the ratio of compression is 10. During combustion at constant
volume the gas receives 95 kJ of heat. Taking compression according to the law PV1.37=C,
specific heat at constant volume 0.712 kJ/kg-K and gas constant R = 0.29 kJ/kg-K,
calculate the mass of gas compressed.
A. 0.123 kg C. 0.245 kg
B. 0.346 kg D. 0.456 kg

20. The pressure and temperature of the air at the beginning of compression in a diesel engine
is 111.46 kPa and 35°C respectively, and the clearance volume is equal to 7.5% of the
piston swept volume. Calculate the pressure at the end of compression assuming the law of
compression if PV1.36=C.
A. 352.83 kPa C. 8,082.90 kPa
B. 4,166.31 kPa D. 41.11 kPa
21. The stroke of a petrol engine is 87.5 mm and the clearance is equal to 12.5 mm. A
compression plate is now fitted which has the effect of reducing the clearance to 10 mm.
Assuming the compression period to be the whole stroke, the pressure at the beginning of
compression as 98.29 kPa and the law of compression PV1.35 =C, calculate the pressure at
the end of compression before and after the compression plate is fitted.
A. 1628.10 kPa C. 1528.10 kPa
B. 1728.10 kPa D. 1828.10 kPa

22. The compression ratio of a petrol engine working on the constant volume cycle is 8.5. The
pressure and temperature at the beginning of compression are 101.325 kPa and 40°C and
the maximum pressure of the cycle is 3,141.08 kPa. Taking compression to follow the law
PV1.35=C, calculate the temperature at the end of compression.
A. 388.97°C C. 355.65°C
B. 288.97° C D. 255.65° C
23. The stroke of an internal combustion engine is 75 mm, the diameter of the cylinder is 70
mm and the clearance volume at the end of compression is 36 cm3. Assuming compression
follows the law PV1.37=C Calculate the pressure at the end of compression if the initial
pressure is 98.29 kPa.
A. 1 MPa C. 2 MPa
B. 3 MPa D. 4 MPa

24. A petrol engine working on the constant volume cycle has a compression ratio of 9 to 1. If
the pressure and temperature of the petrol-vapor air mixture at the beginning of
compression are 99.30 kPa and 38°C respectively. Calculate the temperature at the end of
compression assuming it follows the law PV1.34=C.
A. 383.45°C C. 899.30°C
B. 728.45°C D. 883.48°C
25. When the piston is moving up in a two-stroke diesel engine, the scavenge ports are closed
when the piston is 675 mm from the top of its stroke, the pressure and temperature of the
air in the cylinder then being 13.80 kPag and 43°C. The clearance is equal to 65 mm and
the diameter of the cylinder is 650 mm. Calculate the mass of air compressed in the
cylinder taking the atmospheric pressure as 101.325 kPa and R for air as 0.287 kJ/kg-K
A. 0.21 kg C. 0.31 kg
B. 0.41 kg D. 0.51 kg

26. The compression ratio of a compression-ignition engine is 14 to 1. The diameter of the

cylinder is 500 mm and the stroke to bore ratio is 1.2 to 1. At the beginning of the
compression the pressure and temperature of the air in the cylinder is 105 kPa and 51°C,
and compression follows the law PV=C, where n=1.35. Calculate the work done on the air
during compression.
A. -57.69 kJ C. -67.59 kJ
B. -76.59 kJ D. -95.67 kJ
27. Gas initially at a pressure of 101.325 kPa and temperature of 60°C undergoes the following
cycle.
1-2 Adiabatic compression through compression ratio of 4.5:1.
2-3 Heating at constant volume through a pressure ratio of 1.35:1.
3-4 Constant pressure expansion to initial pressure
4-1 Constant pressure cooling to initial volume
Cp=1 kJ/kg-K and Cv=0.678 kJ/kg-K for the gas, determine the thermal efficiency of the
cycle.
A. 41.41% C. 43.43%
B. 39.39% D. 45.45%
28. One kilogram of air at pressure and temperature of 101.325 kPa and 15°C initially,
undergoes the following process in a cycle:
1-2 Isothermal compression to 202.65 kPa
2-3 Polytropic compression from 202.65 kPa to 405.30 kPa
3-1 Isentropic expansion from 405.30 kPa to initial condition
Calculate the heat transfer for process 1 to 2. Use R=0.287 kJ/kg-K and k = 1.4 for air.
A. – 57.29 kJ C. 70.30 kJ
B. -30:21 kJ D. 100.50 kJ

29. The compression ratio of an engine working on the dual combustion cycle is 10.7. The
pressure and temperature of the air at the beginning of compression is 101.325 kPa and
32°C. The maximum pressure and temperature during the cycle is 4.154 MPa and 1593°C.
Assuming adiabatic compression and expansion, calculate the temperature at the end of
compression.
A. 414.14 °C C. 314.14 °C
B. 514.14 °C D. 614.14 °C
30. In an Otto cycle if the compression ratio is 5.5, what is the percent clearance?
A. 22.22 % C. 31.11 %
B. 19.64 % D. 25.34 %

31. The efficiency of an Otto engine is 55% and the stroke volume is 35 liters. If the heat added
at the beginning of the combustion is 12.6 kJ, calculate the mean effective pressure.
A. 194 kPa C. 188 kPa
B. 198 kPa D. 184 kPa

32. Gas is compressed in an internal combustion engine according to the law PV1.36=C. If the
initial and final temperatures of the gas are 30°C and 382°C respectively, calculate the
compression ratio.
A. 5.51 C. 6.51
B. 7.51 D. 8.51
33. If the volumes at the end of compression and at the beginning of expansion in an ideal
Diesel engine are 0.015 m³ and 0.040 m³ respectively. What is the cut-off ratio?
A. 1.67 C. 2.54
B. 2.67 D. 1.54

34. The pressure ratio during the constant volume portion of combustion in a Dual Combustion
engine is 1.5. If the pressure at the end of the constant volume addition of heat is 4, what is
the pressure at the beginning?
A. 3.67 Mpa C. 2.67 Mpa
B. 6 Mpa D. 7 Mpa

35. If the compression ratio and the cut-off ratio of a Diesel engine are 15 and 3 respectively,
what is the expansion ratio?
A. 4 C. 6
B. 5 D. 7
36. At the beginning of compression in an ideal dual combustion cycle, the working fluid is 2 lbs
of air at 14.7 psia and 85°F. The compression ratio is 8.5, the pressure at the end of the
constant volume addition of heat is 450 psia, and there are added 105 BTU during the
constant pressure expansion. Find the pressure ratio and the percentage clearance?
A. 1.53, 13.33% C. 1.53, 12.42%
B. 1.31, 12.42% D. 1.31, 13.33%

37. What is the efficiency of the Diesel Engine if the heat added during the constant pressure
combustion is 19 BTU and the heat rejected is 9 BTU.
A. 42.63% C. 52.63%
B. 55.66% D. 45.66%
38. A Diesel cycle operates with a compression ratio of 14 and with a cut-off occurring at 5% of
the stroke. Find the cut-off ratio, if the initial volume is 1.5 ft³.
A. 1.64 C. 2.64
B. 3.64 D. 4.64

39. The air is compressed to 1/ 5 of its original volume in an Otto cycle. What is the final
temperature of the air if the initial temperature is 25°C.
A. 294.29°C C. 255.66°C
B. 388.58°C D. 355.66°C

40. An Otto cycle operates 1 kg of air from 101.325 kPa and 25°C at the beginning of
compression. If the clearance is 15%, find the temperature at the end of compression.
A. 300°C C. 450.01°C
B. 400°C D. 350.01°C
41. The compression ratio and the cut-off ratio of an ideal diesel cycle are 13 and 3
respectively. What is the cycle efficiency for a cold-air standard value of k.

A. 53.20% C. 43.20%
B. 55.21% D. 45.21%

42. The efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle is 40%. What is the hot-air value of k, if the
compression ratio is 6.2?
A. 1.28 C. 1.38
B. 1.25 D. 1.35

43. What is the clearance of an ideal Otto engine if the efficiency is 40% and k =1.3?
A. 20.24% C. 10.24%
B. 22.27% D. 12.27%
44. An Otto cycle operates a 0.5 lb/s of air from 15 psia and 150°F, at the beginning of
compression. The compression ratio is 4.3; hot air standard k = 1.3. Determine the volume
at the end of compression.
A. 2.75 ft³/s C. 1.75 ft³/s
B. 3.75 ft³/s D. 4.75 ft³/s

45. An ideal dual combustion cycle operates on 0.60 kg of air. Find the cycle efficiency if the
compression ratio is 12, pressure ratio is 1.6, cut-off ratio 1.5 and k = 1.3.
A. 40.71% C. 45.71%
B. 60.71% D. 50.71%
46. What is the pressure ratio in an ideal dual combustion cycle if the pressures at the
beginning and end of the constant volume portion of combustion are 2500 kPa and 4000
kPa respectively.

A. 1.4 C. 1.5
B. 1.6 D. 1.7

47. In an ideal dual combustion cycle if the cut-off ratio is 1.5 and the volume at the beginning
of the constant pressure portion of combustion is 0.055 m³, what is the volume at the end of
combustion.
A. 0.0625 m3 C. 0.0825 m3
B. 0.0725 m³ D. 0.055 m³
48. At the beginning of compression in an ideal dual combustion cycle, the working fluid is at
90°F. If the pressure ratio and compression ratio are 1.6 and 13 respectively, what is the
temperature at the beginning of the constant pressure portion of combustion.
A. 1886.64°F C. 1995.05°F
B. 1495.05°F D. 1586.64°F

49. An ideal dual combustion cycle operates on 0.65 kg of air. At the beginning of compression,
the air is at 100 kPa, 45°C. Determine the volume at the end of compression if net work is
300 kJ and the mean effective pressure is 700 kPa.
A. 0.16 m3 C. 0.26 m³
B. 0.12 m3 D. 0.22 m³
50. In an ideal dual combustion cycle, what is the pressure at the beginning of constant
pressure combustion if the pressure ratio is 1.4 and the pressure at the beginning of the
constant volume portion of combustion is 2500 psi.
A. 3000 psi C. 3500 psi
B. 3200 psi D. 3600 psi

51. In an air-standard Otto cycle, air enters at 104.7 kPa and 27°C. The compression ratio is
7:1. If the net work of the cycle is 120 kJ/kg. Calculate the hear supplied in kJ/kg?
A. 221.88 kJ/kg C. 122.88 kJ/kg
B. 188.22 kJ/kg D. 288.12 kJ/kg
52. A diesel engine takes in air at 105 kPa and 26°C subjected to a compression ratio of 19.
What is the operating clearance in percent?
A. 5.56% C. 4.56 %
B. 6.66% D. 7.56%

53. The volumes of states 1,2 and 3 of a cycle operating on a hot air standard are 300 cm 3, 30
cm³ and 70 cm3 respectively. Find the power output if the heat input is 120 kW.
A. 57.63 kW C. 46.86 kW
B. 54.56 kW D. 47.56 kW
54. An ideal diesel engine operates on a 1 kg of cold air with a suction pressure of 110 kPa and
an initial temperature of 40°C. The compression pressure is 3000 kPa and the cut-off is at
8% of the stroke from head-end to dead-end center of the piston. Calculate the ideal cycle
thermal efficiency.
A. 58.56% C. 59.55%
B. 55.85 % D. 65.56 %
55. The air-standard dual cycle starts at 105 kPa and 26°C. The compression ratio is 11:1 and
the total heat intake is 300kJ/kg. If the heat intake at constant volume is 3/5 of the total,
determine the mean effective pressure in kPa.
A. 247.56 kPa C. 347.34 kPa
B. 517.67 kPa D. 457.34 kPa