5101

Equipment Control Blocks

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Table of Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................... 2

Station and ECB Compounds................................................................... 3

Control Processor (CP) and Fieldbus Module Interface ............................ 5

I/O Failsafe Strategy ............................................................................... 9

Analog and Digital FBM Failsafe Configuration ......................................12

Analog FBM Failsafe Configuration ..................................................................... 12

Digital FBM with Ladder Logic Software (ECB8, PLB) ............................................ 15

Manual Failsafe (MANFS) Configuration for the PID Block .....................17

ECB Operations .....................................................................................18

Review Questions ..................................................................................27

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Introduction
This module explains the function of the Equipment Control Block. The ECB is responsible for retrieving
and sending data and status to and from the FBM's. This topic will discuss how the FBM's convert a field
signal into a digital signal and then make this data available to the ECB. The "failsafe strategy" for
output channels will be discussed, as well as, how to configure the ECB parameters to achieve the
desired failsafe configuration.

Module Objective:
Utilizing all available documentation, the student will configure Equipment Control Blocks (ECB's) for
normal and failsafe operation.

Enabling Objectives:
The enabling objectives that support this module objective are as follows:
• Describe the significance of the Station and ECB compounds for a Control Processor.

• Describe the functions that the Equipment Control Blocks (ECBs) perform with
regard to the Control Processor (CP) and the Fieldbus Modules (FBM).

• Explain the failsafe strategy for FBM output channels.

• Configure FBM Failsafe parameters.

• Configure and test the Manual Failsafe (MANFS) parameter of the PID block.

• Modify ECB's to the Control Database and configure their parameters.

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Station and ECB Compounds

Figure 6-1 STATION, ECB, & Regular Compounds

Every Control Database will contain a Station Compound that contains the Station Block, and an
ECB Compound containing the Primary ECB. FCP280’s have four independent Process I/O
Channels therefore having 4 Primary ECB’s, one for each channel.
For a given control station, there can be only one Station Compound., which is located in the CP
Control Database. Within this compound there is one and only one block, the STATION block.
Another one and only one compound in a CP control database is the ECB Compound. This
compound must always contain a special ECB called the Primary ECB (ECBP). Other ECB's may
optionally be added to the ECB compound.

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These compounds are automatically added to the Control Database when the station is defined
and downloaded from IDE or Initialized . The naming convention for the Station Compound will
be the letterbug followed by the characters "_STA". Within the Station Compound is a block
named STATION and is a type STA block. The naming convention for the ECB Compound is the
station letterbug followed by the characters "_ECB". Within the ECB Compound is the Primary
ECB, which is named PRIMARY_ECB(2-4), and it is of type ECBP.
The following rules apply to Station and ECB Compounds:
• When the user edits a control station, the Station and ECB Compound parameters may not
be modified. They are displayed for viewing only. Within the Station Compound, only one
block, the STATION block, may exist. No other blocks may be inserted into the Station
Compound. In addition, the Station block may not be deleted. The parameters of the Station
Block may be modified.
• Similarly, the ECB Compound parameters may not be modified and the ECB Compound
and Primary ECB may not be deleted. The parameters of the Primary ECB may be
modified. No blocks may be inserted in front of the Primary ECB. Other ECB's, however,
may be added after the Primary ECB within the ECB Compound. These are handled as
normal blocks - they can be added, modified, and deleted.
• The Station and ECB Compounds are only recognizable by their unique names. It is not
possible for the user to create a Station or ECB Compound from scratch.
• Station and ECB Compounds can be imported and exported with the Control Database.

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Control Processor (CP) and Fieldbus Module Interface

The communications network between the Control Processor and the process instrumentation
consists of a hardware interface built around the Fieldbus Module (FBM), and a software interface
centered about the Equipment Control Block (ECB).
This section discusses:
• The Interfaces - FBM's and ECB's
• Fieldbus Scanning
• Fieldbus Integration Time
• ECB Types

The Interfaces - FBM's and ECB's

The Fieldbus and the Fieldbus Modules (FBM's) provide the hardware interface between the
process and the Control Processor.
Physically, the Control Processor connects to the process via a Fieldbus and up to 32 DIN Fieldbus
Modules can be supported by one FCP270. FCP280 can connect up to 128 DIN Fieldbus modules
with 32 max per channel.
The Equipment Control Block (ECB) provides the software interface between the FBM and the I/O
blocks.
When compound processing starts, each FBM reads the I/O data (both input and output channels)
from the process instrumentation on a per-FBM basis. The FBM then conditions (digitizes,
normalizes, etc.) the data, where necessary, and stores the data and the status into its memory.
When CP runs, the ECB run and read/transmit data from/to the FBM. As the compound is
processed, the input blocks retrieve the data from the ECB. Using new data, the output blocks
generate new outputs, which are forwarded to the appropriate ECB. The ECB transmits the data to
its FBM, which converts the output value to a signal (4-20 mA, 0-10 V dc, pulses, etc.) compatible
with the process instrumentation. In summary, the ECB reads the input data from the FBM and
sends the output data to the FBM.

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Equipment Control Blocks (ECBs)

Figure 6-2 SOME ECB Types

ECB's differ depending on the FBM and its application.
When you configure an FBM using the System Definition software or the IDE, the appropriate
ECB type is automatically added to the configuration. . FBM's and ECB's are strictly
monogamous. An FBM communicates with one, and only one, ECB. Conversely, an ECB
communicates with one, and only one, FBM.
In addition to the ECBs that interface to FBM's, there is the ECB Primary (ECBP). An ECBP is
associated with each Control Processor and specifies Fieldbus communication parameters (e.g.,
Baud rate, bus switching, and watchdog timer, …etc).

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Figure 6-3 ECB Assignments

Fieldbus Scanning
Control Processor scan of a Fieldbus Module is performed on a per-FBM basis.
The ECB parameter, PERIOD, determines the period at which an FBM is scanned.
The Analog-type FBMs perform their own scanning of Analog inputs independent of CP/Fieldbus
scan intervals.

Fieldbus Integration Time

The FBM converts each analog input to a digital value within a time interval called the update time,
presently set at 25 ms.
Resolutions of 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 bits can be specified. The greater the resolution, the longer is
the conversion time.
The converted value at each update interval is summed and averaged over a specified time period
called the integration period. This continuous integration technique provides a filter time equal to
the integration period.
A new value is available to the CP each update period. The value represents the average of all the
updated values over the last integration period.

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Figure 6-4 FBM Time Factors

For example, for a 12-bit specified resolution, a new analog value is converted to 12 bits every 10
ms. Each 10 ms sample is continuously averaged with previous 10 ms samples over a 100 ms
interval.
The higher 14-bit and 15-bit resolutions are normally required for the fixed span thermocouple and
RTD applications to meet the wider temperature spans (14-bit resolution is the default value for
FBM202 - Thermocouple Input). Lower resolutions (12 or 13 bits) result in unreliable
measurement values.
When you configure control strategies, note that the loop scan period should be a multiple of the
FBM integration time.

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I/O Failsafe Strategy

Failsafe is an FBM hardware logic state, designed to provide I/O security. This section describes
the events that place the FBM in the Failsafe State and the actions of the FBM while in the Failsafe
State.
Non-Ladder Logic FBM's (these include discrete and analog FBMs such as FBM type 204, 205, 219,
237 and 240), use one of two strategies for obtaining these output values:
• Normal strategy, in which the FBM uses the outputs received from the CP, as determined by
the output control blocks.
• Failsafe strategy, in which the FBM uses outputs from its gate array registers. The gate
array registers contain:
♦ The current value for each of the FBM's outputs.
♦ A fallback value for each of the FBM's outputs.
♦ A hold/fallback bit for each output, to specify which of the two values each output
will assume.
Whenever the RED LED on the front panel of the FBM is on, the I/O hardware is in Failsafe.

Day 0 - Cold Start

A "cold start" involves the following steps:
• Power up
• Placing the FBM on-line
• FBM exits the Failsafe State
• The failsafe configuration download

Power Up
When the FBM is first powered up, the FBM firmware writes zeroes to the gate array registers
and places the FBM in its Failsafe State. Since all of the hold/fallback bits equal 0 (Fallback) and
each fallback value equals 0, each output is at its de-energized value of 0 - waiting for the FBM to
go on-line.

Placing the FBM on-line

When the application software takes control it:
• reads all the gate array registers
• computes the current value of each I/O point
• writes the current value into the Current Value register.

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FBM Exits the Failsafe State

When the FBM receives the write message, it exits the Failsafe State and turns off the RED LED.

The Failsafe Configuration

The CP, as part of I/O hardware initialization, writes the ECB failsafe configuration from the ECB to
the gate array registers. At this point, the application software maintains control until some event
disrupts that control and forces the FBM to Failsafe.

Events Leading to Failsafe

Some of the events that cause the FBM to go from control to the Failsafe State include:
• FBM reboot
• Fieldbus Communications failure
• EEPROM update
• FBM taken off-line from the SMDH
• Power fail
The FBM response to each of these events is described below.

FBM reboot
The FBM goes to the Failsafe State and the FBM outputs assume the Failsafe configuration until
the FBM is back on-line and the application software resumes control.

Comm Fail
Fieldbus Communications Failure or CP Failure. Two ECB parameters determine the if and when
of a communications failure between the CP and the FBM configured by that ECB.

FSENAB
Failsafe Enable is a Boolean that, when True, enables the FSDLAY timer. If communications fail
with FSENAB False, there is no failsafe activity: the FBM continues to drive the
outputs using the current values, which is equivalent to holding the outputs.
Note: Failsafe Enable (FSENAB) does not affect the Failsafe configuration. Setting FSENAB
False DOES prevent the FBM from going to the Failsafe State because of a CP-to-FBM
communications failure, but it CANNOT prevent the FBM from going to Failsafe for
any other reason.

FSDLAY
Failsafe Delay (FSDLAY), is a timer that, when enabled by FSENAB, specifies (in units
of .01 seconds) the length of time the FBM waits for a communication from the CP
before entering a Comm Fail (or software) Failsafe state. This state asserts the output
values specified by the failsafe configuration.
Example: The default value of 1000 causes the FBM to wait 10 seconds between CP
communications before going to the Failsafe state, if FSENAB is set True.

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EEPROM Update
The FBM goes to the Failsafe State and the FBM outputs assume the Failsafe configuration
defined by the gate array registers prior to the EEPROM update. The FBM maintains this
definition until the EEPROM update is completed and the application software resumes control.

FBM taken off-line from the System Manager

If the CP-to-FBM communications are still good, the CP sends a message to the FBM, shutting
down the FBM. The FBM goes to the Failsafe State and the outputs assume the failsafe
configuration values.
Note: The FBM LED's for digital FBM's will be de-energized regardless of the failsafe state of the
channel.

Power fail
When the main power fails, FBM outputs are de-energized since it is the main power that drives
them. The FBM goes to battery-backup, where the battery maintains the failsafe configuration in
the gate array registers.
If main power returns while the FBM is still battery-backed, the FBM assumes the failsafe
configuration. If main power returns after the backup battery discharges, the failsafe
configuration is gone, and the FBM reverts to a Day 0 Cold Start.

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Analog and Digital FBM Failsafe Configuration

This section contains procedures for configuring the failsafe values of analog and digital FBM's.
Analog FBM Failsafe Configuration
An ECB 2 will be used for an example.
1. Failsafe Enable (FSENAB) = 1
2. Failsafe Main Mask (FSMM02)
The failsafe mask is entered as a hexadecimal number which represents a bit pattern that
determines whether the individual output channels will be in the hold or the fall back mode.

Figure 6-5 Failsafe Analog

3. Channel Fallback values (in 0-64000 counts):
Failsafe Channel 5 Data (FS5D02) - Failsafe fallback value for output channel five for an
ECB style 2
Failsafe Channel 6 Data (FS6D02) - Failsafe fallback value for output channel six for an ECB style
2
Failsafe Channel 7 Data (FS7D02) - Failsafe fallback value for output channel seven for an ECB
style 2
Failsafe Channel 8 Data (FS8D02) - Failsafe fallback value for output channel eight for an ECB
style 2

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General scaling equation:

Figure 6-6 Pre-Defined Settings

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Analog FBM Example

For Scix = 3 (4 - 20 ma), 0 - 100 % scale; Fallback value of 25% is desired on Channel 8, all others
to hold.
1. Failsafe Enable (FSENAB) = 1
2. Fallback Main Mask (FSMM02) = 0000 0000 0111 0000 = 0X0070
3. Scix offset = l2800 counts (4 ma)
Counts = 25 - 0
* 51,200 + 12800 = 25600
100

Fallback parameter values

Failsafe Channel 5 Data FS5D02 0 Channel 5
Failsafe Channel 6 Data FS6D02 0 Channel 6
Failsafe Channel 7 Data FS7D02 0 Channel 7
Failsafe Channel 8 Data FS8D02 25600 Channel 8

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Digital FBM Failsafe Configuration

An ECB 5 will be used for an example.
1. Failsafe Enable (FSENAB) = 1
2. Fallback/Hold mask: Failsafe Main Mask (FSMM05)

Bits 15 - 8 7

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Digital output channels are referenced as:

Bits 7 - 0
0 = Channel to go to Fallback value
1 = Channel to hold output
3. Channel Fallback values: Fail safe Data Main (FSDM05)

7
Bits 15 - 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Digital Output Channels

Digital FBM Example

Fallback pattern of 1010 is desired for channels 9-12 channels, channels 13-16 are to go to hold.
Failsafe Enable (FSENAB) = 1
Failsafe Main Mask (FSMMO5) = 0000 0000 0000 1111 = 0X000F
Failsafe Main data (FSDM05) = 0000 0000 1010 0000 = 0X00A0
Digital FBM with Ladder Logic Software (ECB8, PLB)
Failsafe configuration for the Ladder Logic ECB style 8 is the same as for the Digital FBM,
using a type ECB5:
FSMM08 Fallback/Hold mask
FSDM08 Data Values

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Note:
In a Ladder Logic application, the following rung must be added in order for the logic to go to
failsafe upon loss of Fieldbus communications:
COMMF FAILSF

( )

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Manual Failsafe (MANFS) Configuration for the PID Block

Failsafe support is implemented in the AOUT, PID, RATIO, and BIAS blocks.
When the CP detects that an FBM has asserted Failsafe, a Failsafe Boolean output is set True in
any AOUT block connected to that FBM. The Failsafe status can be propagated to upstream
blocks through the FS status bit of the downstream block's INITO parameter to the upstream
block's INITI parameter.

FBM O
1
O
Conditioned Conditioned 2
Output Output O
FBK BCALCI INITI INITO BCALCO 3
Failsafe Output
Read Back Counts Read Back Counts O
Value Value 4
MEAS OUT MEAS ECB
PID AOUT 5
O
FBM & ECB FBM Status O
Status 6
O
7
PID AOUT 8
O
PARAMETERS PARAMETERS

MANFS MANFS 4 - 20 mA

PRIBLK PRIBLK

Figure 6-7 Manual Failsafe Option

If the Manual Failsafe option (MANFS) is configured True, the block will shift to Manual upon a
recovery from a failsafe event.
If the PRIBLK function is configured properly, the blocks will initialize to their BCALCI values
regardless of the Auto/Manual State of the block. This will cause the PID output to be set to the
value read back from the FBM and passed to the PID block through the AOUT.BCALCO to the
PID.BCALCI connection.
For the PID block, if MANFS is configured True and the FS status bit is set True, the FS bit will
remain set until one of the following events occur:
• The block is in Manual, and the output is changed from a process display.
• The block is shifted into Auto.

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ECB Operations
ECB Configuration
ECB's may now be configured in a manner similar to control blocks using the standard IDE
software. In addition, ECB's can be contained within any compound, not just the ECB Compound.

As discussed previously, ECB's can appear in the Block List of a compound just as any other block.
ECB's can now be manipulated in a manner similar to that used for normal blocks. An ECB is
automatically added when a new FBM is added to the CP in the network tab in the IDE. The ECB
will automatically be listed in the Station ECB Compound. By double clicking on the ECB
compound, you can access and modify ECB parameters, and configure a Failsafe pattern or values
if required. An ECB can reside in the ECB Compound or, it can be moved to any other compound
in the same CP. When the ECB editing is done, it can be deployed to your station.

You can edit an FBM extension parameters in the same manner as the Main FBM module.

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The ECB parameters may be recalled for modification. However, a number of ECB parameters will
be protected from further modification. The parameter names and values being drawn with a dark
gray background color indicate such protection. Whenever an ECB is modified, a Deploy to the CP
must follow.
Certain FBMs are capable of running more than one type of ECB. FBM 241 is an example. In this
FBM, we could load ladder logic ECB or DIN/DOUT ECB. To load different software package in
an FBM, you must do the following:
• Select the Network tab.
• In the Network tab, expand the galaxy and then the active CP.
To edit the ECB parameters, click the Deployment tab and then double click the ECB compound.
Select ECBs tab from the ensuing window and then the desired ECB to edit

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Lab

Introduction
This laboratory exercise consists of two parts. In the first part, the CP will be Undeployed and Rebooted
"Initialized" so that the student may observe the effect on the CP, FBM's, and the process. In part two,
an Analog and a Digital FBM will be configured and tested for failsafe conditions.

CP Initialization

In this lab exercise, you will Undeploy and Reboot (Initialize) the CP. The Initialize procedure,
which includes a CP reboot, deletes all compounds and Equipment Control Blocks (ECB's) CP

Lab Setup
1. Access the BlockSelect display and refresh CP2801 or CP2701.
2. Expand Control Processor.
3. Write down the names of the compounds in this CP___________________________
____________________________ __________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________
4. Expand CPNAME_ECB compound. How many ECBs are present? Write down the names
____________________________ ________________________ __________
____________________________ __________________________________

Accessing System Manager and Viewing Controller Configuration

1. Access System Manager by selecting Start System Manager key located on top menu bar.
2. Expand SYSMN1 and your Controller.
3. Expand the next level and view FBM IOM003 and IOM004 should be listed in the CP domain
and normal status.
4. Close System Manager

Undeploying the CP
1. Call up the IDE control database configurator.
2. In the Deployment window, expand your working Control Processor.
3. Right click Control Processor and select Undeploy from the ensuing menu. The Undeploy
window is called up.

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4. In the UnDeployment window, select All and Expand All.

5. Select Finish to Undeploy the CP.

6. Wait for successful operation.
7. Close the Undeploy window and minimize the IDE

Rebooting the CP from System Manager

1. Call up System Manager display
2. Reboot CP as follow:
• Expand SYSMN1
• Select Control Processor
• Right-Click the CP for the Actions Dialogue.
• Select Reboot both Primary and Shadow(if present) at the same time.
• Wait until CP is rebooted (CP Green LED is on)
• CP2701 has 10 minute delay until can load, CP2801 has 2 minute delay.
3. Expand SYSMN1 and CP2701.
What is the status of IOM003 and IOM004?___________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4. IOM 003 and IOM004 should not be present.
5. Minimize System Manager.

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Note: When you Undeploy the CP, you are deleting the compounds from the Checkpoint file at
the same time. By rebooting the CP after Undeploy, the checkpoint file which is empty, is
reloaded into the Cp.

Initialization Effect on BlockSelect Display

2. Access BlockSelect and refresh Controller.
3. Expand Controller.
4. How may control compounds are there?__________________________________
5. Are the compounds you configured in this course present?____________________
6. Expand CPNAME_ECB compound.
7. What ECBs are present ?_____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
There should be one ECB present which is the PRIMARY_ECB, all others are deleted.
8. Why was not the station compound deleted? Explain________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

FBM Failsafe Configuration and deploying

In this part of the laboratory exercise you will, configure the ECBs for failsafe values for an analog
and a digital FBM and Deploy them to the CP. You will also configure the control strategy to force
the PID block into Manual on detection of a failsafe condition.
Initializing the CP does not alter the configured database in the IDE. (i.e. all compounds including
STATION and ECB compounds are not effected).
If an FBM is deleted from the IDE Configuration database, then its ECB will be automatically
deleted from the IDE database.

Accessing ECBs in IDE

1. Call up the IDE and select the Deployment tab.
1. Expand Controller. The ECB compound.
2. Select the button labeled ECBs from this window’s top menu bar. The ECBs should be listed
(i.e. IOM003 and IOM004)

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Analog FBM Failsafe Specification

Device Channel Failsafe Value
5 Hold
6 Hold
Outlet Valve 7 Hold
Inlet Valve 8 25%
1. Select ECB IOM003 and then the button labeled FBM to access the parameters.
2. Configure the ECB using the procedure outlined in the Lesson Guide and the table above.

3. Save and exit ECB editor

4. In DAY1 compound, configure the PID block, LC, so that it is forced into Manual when a
Failsafe event occurs.
5. In DAY1 compound configure the following:
• The AIN block interacts with IOM003 point 4. Also, configure the AIN block to filter its input
1St order filter with filter time 0.1. Set Signal Conditioning Index to 3
• The AOUT block V1 interacts with IOM003 point 8. Set Signal Conditioning Output Index
(SCO) to 3
• The AOUT V2 interacts with IOM003 point 7. Set Signal Conditioning Output Index (SCO)
to 3
• Save and exit Strategy editor
6. Unassign all compounds from Controller except DAY1, Station and ECB compounds.
Controller now contains DAY1, the Station and the ECB compound only
7. Right click Controller and then select Deploy
8. Deploy Controller.
9. Minimize IDE.
10. Now that the control compound and the ‘ECB' for FBM IOM003 and FBM IOM004 have
been downloaded to the CP, you must download the ECB to the target FBM from the System
Manager as follow:
Call up the System Manager.
Expand SYSMN1 and Controller

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• Expand the next Controller

• IOM003, IOM004 present? _____________________________________________________

• What is the status ______________________________________________________________

• Select CP2801_ECB1 and then the Actions button and Go On Line.

• Expand CP2801_ECB1 and Download IOM003 and IOM004

11. Minimize System Manager

FBM Configuration Test

For this part of the lab, channel 8 of IOM003 should be fed to channel 4 so we have a closed loop.
1. Access the BlockSelect display. Check that the ECBs and DAY1 compound are present.
2. Turn DAY1 compound ON.
3. Open the outlet valve V2 to 75% by accessing V2 block detail display. Shift V2 to Manual to
change the output to 75% and leave it in this mode
4. Establish level in the tank at 6" with the PID block, LC, and the inlet valve block, V1, in Auto.
Note the inlet valve position.
5. Call up DAY1_GROUP display.
6. Ask your instructor, who just happens to be good at making things fail, to cause the FBM's to
lose communications with the CP. Disconnect Cable from CP2801 to Baseplate.

What is the indication of a communications failure on the faceplates of the LC and V1
blocks? Why?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7. Did the Inlet valve go to the failsafe positions after 3 seconds? (Note: in order to read this, you
need to measure the mA on channel 8 or read the AIN block measurement value when
communication is restored). If result not correct, check your configuration.
8. Restore communication between the CP and the FBM's.

What are the indications that the FBM is in the Failsafe state from the LC and V1 faceplate?
Why?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
9. Shift LC back into Auto and reestablish the starting conditions.

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This concludes the laboratory exercise.

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Review Questions
None!

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