In v e rs e

F u n c tio n s
 Inverse
Functions

XX YY f −1
≠
1
�
f−1

Inverse Function

• If f represents a function, the inverse function of f is denoted by f−1 .

• If f(x) = y , then f−1 (y) = x
 Inverse
Functions Determining The Inverse Function
F u n c tio n f is d e n o te d b y f:x  2 x - 3 . F in d f−1 (x )
M e th o d 1 M e th o d 2

G iven f(x) = 2x - 3 G iven f(x) = 2x - 3

R ep lace x w ith y:
L et 2x - 3 = y T h en �(y) = 2y - 3
2x = y - 3 �−� (2y - 3) = y
�+�
x= �−� (x) = y w h ere x= 2y - 3
�
x + 3 = 2y
�+�
R ep lace y w ith x: y=
�
�+�
�−� (x) = �−� (x) =
�+�
� �
 Inverse
Functions Determining The Inverse Function
F u n c tio n g is d e n o te d b y g :x  5 x - 8 . F in d g−1 (x )
M e th o d 1 M e th o d 2

G iven g (x) = 5x - 8 G iven g (x) = 5x - 8

R ep lace x w ith y:
L et 5x - 8 = y T h en �(y) = 5y - 8
5x = y + 8 �−� (5y - 8) = y
�+�
x= �−� (x ) = y w h ere x= 5y - 8
�
x + 8 = 5y
�+�
R ep lace y w ith x: y=
�
�+�
�−� (x) = �−� (x) =
�+�
� �
 Inverse
Functions Determining The Inverse Function
F in d th e in v e rs e fu n c tio n o f e a c h o f th e fo llo w in g fu n c tio n s .
a) f:x  4 + 8x

��+�
b) f:x 
� −�

c) g:x  15 + 6x

�
d) h:x  3 - x
�

�+�
e) v:x 
�� −�
 Inverse
Functions Find The Inverse Function
G iv e n th e fu n c tio n f(x ), fin d th e v a lu e o f �−� (2 ) .
a) f:x  x + 2 First find f−1 (x)
and then
b) f:x  5 + 2x substitute the
value 2 into x
c) f:x  4 + 6x

�
d) f:x  - x
�

�
e) f:x 
� −�
 Inverse
Functions Questions Based On SPM Format
�� −�
A F u n c tio n g is d e n o te d b y g :x  . D e te rm in e
�
a ) �−� (x )
b ) �−� (2 )
c ) T h e v a lu e o f k if �−� (k ) = k
3� −1
a) g(x) = Method 1 is used 5� + 1 5� + 1
5
3� −1 b) �−1 (x) = c) �−1 (k) = =k
3 3
 �−1 ( )=x 5(2) + 1 5� + 1
5
3� −1 �−1 (2) = 3
=k
y= 3
3� −1 5
�−1 (2) =
11 5k + 1 = 3k
y= 3
5 2k = -1
5y = 3x – 1 1
5� + 1 k =-
2
x=
3
5� + 1
Replace y with x: �−1 (x) =
3
 Inverse
Functions Questions Based On SPM Format
��
A F u n c tio n g is d e n o te d b y g :x  � − . D e te rm in e
�
a ) �−� (x )
b ) �−� (2 )
c ) T h e v a lu e o f k if �−� (k ) = 2 k
 Inverse
Functions Questions Based On SPM Format
�
G iv e n th a t f:x  , � ≠ � a n d g :x  4 x - 3 . F in d
� −�
a) �−� (x ) a n d
b ) T h e v a lu e o f x s u c h th a t �−� is n o t d e fin e d .
c ) T h e v a lu e o f �−� g (3 ).
3
a) f(x) = 3 c) �−1 �(x) = �−1 �(�)
� −2 b) �−1 (x) = + 2
3 �
 �−1 ( )=x 3+2� �−1 �(3) = �−1 4(3) − 3
� −2 �−1 (x) =
� = �−1 (9)
3
y=
3 = +2
� −2 �−1 is undefined when (9)
3 7
x–2= denominator = 0. =
� 3
3 Thus, x = 0
x= +2
�
3
Replace y with x: �−1 (x) = +2
�
 Inverse
Functions Questions Based On SPM Format
��
G iv e n th a t f:x , , � ≠ � a n d g :x  2 x + 3 . F in d
� −�
a ) �−� (x ) a n d s ta te th e v a lu e o f x s u c h th a t �−� is n o t d e fin e d .
b ) T h e v a lu e o f �−� g (1 ).
 Inverse
Condition for the existence of An Inverse Function
Functions
• There are two types if relation that are considered as a function that is
(1)one-to-one
(2) many-to-one
• The reverse mapping for one−to−one(1) relation is still one to one but the
reverse mapping for many−to−one(2) relation is not a function because it is
one-to-many relation.
• Eg: Determine whether the following functions has inverse functions.
g
a) f b)
 
A C A
C
B D B

Ans: Ans:
 A b s o lu te
F u n c tio n s
 Absolute
Introduction To Absolute Function
Functions
• Absolute functions mean the value of image is always p o s itiv e because of
the m o d u lu s sign.
• Eg:
Given g:x  2 – x and y = | g(x) | . Find the value of y if x = 3

Solutions:
g(x) = 2 – x
g(3) = 2 – 3 = -1 In a modulus,
y = | g(3) | | +ve | = +ve
Modulus
= | -1 | | -ve | = +ve
y=1
 Absolute
Graph of Absolute Function
Functions
G iv e n f(x ) = x , a n d y = | f(x ) |. S k e tc h th e g ra p h y fo r d o m a in -2 ≤ x ≤ 2

y = | f(x) | Because of modulus

y=|x|
Minimum value of y = 0 y = |x|

Range of y
To get y = 0: 0 = |x|
x=0
For x = -2: y = |-2| = 2
For x = 2 : y = | 2| = 2
Sketch the graph using this 3 points
(0,0), (-2, 2), ( 2, 2)
Range of x
Hence the corresponding range of y is [0,2]
 Absolute
Graph of Absolute Function
Functions
G iv e n f(x ) = 2 – x , a n d y = | f(x ) |. S k e tc h th e g ra p h y fo r d o m a in 0 ≤ x ≤ 6

y = | f(x) | Because of modulus

y=|2–x| y = |2 – x|

Minimum value of y = 0

Range of y
To get y = 0: 0 = 2 – x
x=2
For x = 0: y = |2 – 0| = 2
For x = 6 : y = |2 – 6| = 4
Sketch the graph using this 3 points
(2,0), (0, 2), ( 6, 4)
Range of x
Hence the corresponding range of y is [0,4]
 Absolute
Graph of Absolute Function
Functions
S k e tc h th e g ra p h o f e a c h o f th e fo llo w in g fu n c tio n s a n d s ta te th e
c o rre s p o n d in g ra n g e .

a ) f:x  |2 x - 3 | fo r 0 ≤ x ≤ 4

b ) g :x  |9 - 2 x | fo r 0 ≤ x ≤ 6

c ) f:x  |2 x | - 1 fo r -1 ≤ x ≤ 3
 C h a p te r
R e v ie w
Q u e s tio n s
 Chapter
Review
1. A = { a, b, c} Based on the information, a relation from A into B is
defined by the set of ordered pairs
B = {p, q, r, s}
{(a,p) , (b,p), (b, q) , (c, r)}
a) Draw the arrow diagram to represent the relation between A and B.
b) State
i. The images of b:
ii. The objects of p:
iii. The domain:
iv. The codomain:
v. The range:
vi. Type of relation:
c) State whether this relation is a function. Explain it briefly.
 Chapter
Review
2. Given the functions f:x  2x + 1 and g:x  �2 − 3, find
a) f2

b) fg(2)

c) f−1 (5)

d) gf−1 (2)
 Chapter
Review
3
3. Given that f:x  4x + m and f−1 :x  nx + , find the values of m and n.
4
 Chapter
Review
2� −3
4. Given that the inverse function f−1 :x  , find
2
a) The value of f(x)

b) The value of f(4)

c) The value of k if f−1 (2k) = - k - 3

 Chapter
Review
�
5. Given that the function f:x 2x – 1 and g:x  – 2 , find
3
a) f−1 (x)

b) f−1 g(x)

c) h(x) such that hg(x) = 6x – 3