ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2019 IJESC

Research Article Volume 9 Issue No.3

IOT Based Smart Irrigation System using Sensors and Image

Processing
Chetan Gaidhane1, Mehul Meshram2, Nischal Pancheswar3, Nilesh Meshram4, Ankit Dhoble5, Aditya Sumatkar6,
Vivek Deshmukh7
Department of E.T. C. Engineering
S.B.Jain Institute of Technology, Management& Research, Nagpur, India

Abstract:
Agriculture is the worldwide prime occupation of human being. Due to globalization and population growth the amount of water
consumption has increased up to 85% of fresh water which is available. Therefore this is challenge for everyone to minimize the
use of fresh food requirement and reducing the requirement fresh water consumption. Due to this maintaining a good irrigation
system is necessity in today’s water scarcity environment. For this current situation, we are proposing our project. In this project
we are using 3 sensors (ultrasonic sensors, soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors) which are interfaced with a Raspberry pi.
The system will draw data from the plants using the concept of image processing. These information will be compared with LCC
chart and further process of providing the fertilizers will be done.The project is to develop IOT based Efficient Irrigation system
Using sensors and Image Processing which will increase irrigation efficiency and will keep a track of Humidity, moisture and
Temperature level of the soil throughout the year.
Keywords: Raspberry pi, Image processing, Smart irrigation, LCC.

I. INTRODUCTION II. METHODOLOGY:

Agriculture plays a vital role in every country economy. A. Proposed Design

Generally agriculture uses 85% of fresh water this percentage After studying literature survey and understanding need
will be dominant in water consumption because of population globally these papers are modified and a novel technique is
growth so this becomes very important to create a system build called Automated Irrigation system using sensors and
which is based on science and technology for sustainable use image processing.
of water. There are so many systems available to achieve
water savings in various techniques from basic ones to more In this project we are using two units-
technologically advanced ones. Our proposed project will A) Sensor unit
minimize the work load of the farmers.We need to build a B) Image processing unit
smart irrigation technique which will work according to the
predefined process of supplying water according to the amount
of water required by the crops. It will also keep a track of
moisture level and temperature of the soil throughout the year.
By this the amount of production will increase and farmers
will gain more profit as compared to the previous amount of
profit. Due to the monitoring technique of our projects, the
work load of the framers of visiting the felid will get reduce.
By the use of installed cameras framers will be able to
monitor the real time images of the crop and will be able to
detect the degradation of the plant which can stop the further
degradation of the field. The system has a distributed wired
network of soil-moisture and temperature sensors placed in the
root zone of the plants. In addition, a gateway unit handles
sensor information, triggers the motors, and transmits data to a
web page. The sensors used here are soil moisture sensor and
soil temperature sensor and ultrasonic sensors. The Base
station microprocessor which is programmed such that if the
either soil moisture or temperature parameters cross a
predefined threshold level, the irrigation system is automated. B. Hardware and Software Requirement
Now the next parameter which will trigger the motor is the 1. PC with MATLAB
concept of image processing. LCC are used to compare the 2. Raspberry pi
greenness of the plant and will provide the value according to 3. Temperature Sensor
it. After comparing the acquired value with user feed value the 4. LDR
amount of fertilizer(i.e. the N-level) will be provided to the 5. Soil Moisture Sensor
plants. All the values of the system will be demonstrated in a 6.Relay circuit
tabular form with date and time stamp.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, March 2019 20875 http://ijesc.org/
7. Motor Step 10: Similarly, if the step 7 is over, the command will go
to the step 3.
A) Sensor unit: The system consist of three sensors which Figure: Steps of Implementation
are as follows-
1] Soil Moisture Sensor: - It will measure the volumetric V. RESULT
water content in soil. Since the direct gravimetric
measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying Nitrogen and chlorophyll contents are closely related to
and weighting of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the greenness of the leaf. The greenness of the leaf can effectively
volumetric water content indirectly by using some other used for nitrogen estimation using image processing technique
property of the soil such as electric resistance, dielectric The proposed technique of estimating nitrogen by image
constant, interaction with neutron. as a proxy of the moisture processing method can be time and cost effective .The changes
content. in correlation may occur according to different soil conditions
and plant varieties. According to moisture level of the soil,
2] Temperature and Humidity Sensor: - It is a DHT-11 water is supplied at regular interval based on frequent time
sensor ,that provides for temperature measurement through an check. Once the threshold value is reached the regulation of
electrical signal. To greater or lesser degrees all electrical water is controlled. Thus right amount of water is supplied to
conducting material have some amount of resistance to the the ground which increases the efficiency of farming and
flow of electricity .when a known electric voltage passes reduces the usage of water .It will also minimize the work load
through a conductor, the resistance varies based on the of the farmers. It is a sustainable and profitable irrigation
temperature of the conductor. system which is going to increase/maximize the Crop
production. And will keep track of moisture level and
B] Image Processing Unit:-Digital image processing is the Temperature of the soil throughout the year..
use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on
digital image. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to
be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as
buildup of noise and signal distortion during processing. This
paper presents an algorithm for image segmentation technique
used for automatic detection of N content in the leaf with the
help of standard LCC chart, as well as classification of plant
leaf diseases i.e. detection of unhealthy region of plant leaves
using image processing and genetic algorithm.
.
III. DESIGN / IMPLEMENTATION

Raspberry Pi is the heart of the system. In this project,

webcam is interfaced to Raspberry Pi via Wi- Fi module.
Sensors connected to the Raspberry Pi board give a resistance ’
variation at the output. This signal is applied to the comparator Figure.1. Analyzing output
and signal conditioning circuit which has potentiometer to
decide the moisture level above which the output of VI. REFERENCES
comparator goes high. This output signal is given to the
Raspberry Pi board. If the soil moisture value is above the [1]. N. Usha , Dr. T. Menakadevi, “Design of Smart Irrigation
moisture level then the 3 phase induction motor will be OFF. System Using Raspberry Pi for Agriculture” ,in IJIRSET 5TH
Whereas if the moisture level is low motor will be ON through National Conference on Frontiers in Communication and
the relay. Signal Processing Systems(NCFCSPS '17)13th-14th March
2017.
IV. ALGORITHM
[2]. MR. S. G. HATE, “Automated Irrigation system using
Step 1:Start. Wireless Sensor Network”, in International Journal of
Step 2:Initialize the system on Raspberry Pi. Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) 06, June-2016.
Step 3: The water level sensor constantly checks for the water
level of the motor. [3]. Angel C and Asha S, “DEVELOPING A SMART
Step 4: The soil moisture sensor checks the soil moisture level ENVIRONMENT IN AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION
constantly. TECHNIQUE”, International Journal of Ambient Systems and
Step 5: The USB camera installed with the Raspberry Pi gives Applications (IJASA), September 2015.
the complete surveillance of the field and this can be
monitored in the internal network system. [4]. A.DavincyMerlineSharmya, V.Elakiya, M.Nivetha Mani,
Step 6: The DHT11 sensor constantly senses the temperature “ Design and Development of IOT based Smart Irrigation
and humidity of the field and updates the date in the web System for Agriculture”,in International Journal of Advance
server. Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) 5, May-
Step 7: If the water level reduces the permissible level, the 2017.
relay which is connected to the Raspberry Pi will turn on the
motor. [5]. KondekarVipul H, Bodhe S.K, “Algorithms for Plant
Step 8: Similarly, if the soil becomes dry, the motor which is Pathology: Automation of Plant Leaf Colour Chart using
connected to the relay will be turned on to wet the field. Image Processing”, in International Journal for Research in
Step 9: If the step 8 is completed, it will go to the step 4.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, March 2019 20876 http://ijesc.org/
Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET),
March 2018.

[6]. BishnuDeo Kumar, PrachiSrivastava, ReetikaAgrawal,

Vanya Tiwari, “MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTO
MATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM” ,in International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET),
05, May -2017.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, March 2019 20877 http://ijesc.org/