Scribd
Upload
22 views

Midterm, Topic 2, Concrete

The document discusses concrete including its composition, types of mixes, water-cement ratios and provides examples of calculating material quantities for concrete works. Concrete is made from a mixture of water, cement, aggregates and sometimes admixtures. Nominal, standard and design mixes are described along with proportion examples for different compressive strengths. Sample problems demonstrate calculating cement, sand, gravel and water for given concrete volumes.

Uploaded by

Dhave Airen Domingo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

Midterm, Topic 2, Concrete

The document discusses concrete including its composition, types of mixes, water-cement ratios and provides examples of calculating material quantities for concrete works. Concrete is made from a mixture of water, cement, aggregates and sometimes admixtures. Nominal, standard and design mixes are described along with proportion examples for different compressive strengths. Sample problems demonstrate calculating cement, sand, gravel and water for given concrete volumes.

Uploaded by

Dhave Airen Domingo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Quantity Surveying

Concrete
Midterm, AY 2023-2024, Topic No. 3
What is Concrete?
Concrete is a
construction material
made from a mixture
of water, aggregates,
Portland cement and
in some cases
chemical admixtures.
Composition of Concrete
Water that must be used is good
water which means as good enough
to drink, it is free from trash, organic
matter or excessive minerals/
chemicals.
Crystalline compound of calcium
silicates and other calcium
compounds having hydraulic
properties.
It occupy 60% to 80% of the volume
of concrete. Sand, gravel, crushed
stone are primary used that is free
from silt and/or organic matter.
Chemical Admixtures
• Air-entraining admixture - It helps to control amount of air
that modifies the elastic properties of concrete
regarding workability, segregation, bleeding and finishing
quality and increase durability of concrete.

• Water reducing admixture - It enables a given fresh concrete


mix to have higher workability without increasing the water
content which results in faster rate concrete placement, easy
placement in relatively poorly accessible locations without
vibration and reduction in cement content.
Chemical Admixtures
• Accelerating admixture or Accelerators - It speeds up the
initial set of concrete.

• Retarding admixture or Retarders - It was used to delay the


setting of cement and hardening.
Types of Concrete Mix
▪NOMINAL MIX - is a type of concrete mix that is
prepared using approximate proportions of ingredients
rather than precise measurements by weight or volume.
It is often used in small-scale construction projects or in
situations where detailed testing and quality control
may not be critical.
Types of Concrete Mix
▪STANDARD MIX - The nominal mixes of fixed
cement-aggregate ratio (by volume) differ largely in
strength and lead to under- or over-rich mixes. Due to
this, at least compressive strength is contained in
various specifications.
Types of Concrete Mix
▪DESIGN MIX - Concrete mix design is the process of
determining the proportions of the various components
that need to be combined to create a concrete mix with
the desired properties. The mix design takes into
consideration factors such as the strength, durability,
workability, and desired appearance of the concrete, as
well as the specific materials being used. The goal is to
create a concrete mix that is cost-effective, easy to place
and compact, and that meets the performance
requirements for the intended use.
https://testbook.com/civil-engineering/concrete-mix-design-definition-and-methods
Concrete Proportion
Mixture Proportion Cement in Bag Sand Gravel
Class C:S:G 40 kg. | 50 kg. (m^3) (m^3)
AA 1: 1.5: 3 12 9.5 .5 1
(4,000 psi)
A 1: 2: 4 9 7 .5 1
(3,500 psi)
B 1: 2.5: 5 7.5 6 .5 1
(3,000 psi)
C 1: 3: 6 6 5 .5 1
(2,500 psi)
Concrete Proportion, IS 456-2000
Concrete Proportion, IS 456-2000
Concrete Proportion, IS 456-2000
Water-Cement Ratio
It is a simple indication of the amount of water added in
concrete. This ratio also correlated to the water-cement
ratio of concrete. Generally, the amount of water added
in the concrete mix depends on the water-cement ratio.
This ratio varies for different grades of concrete.
Water-Cement Ratio

Air entrained concrete


is used in areas where
freeze-thaw condition
occurs.
Sample Problem
A proposed concrete pavement has a general dimension of 3 m wide x 5 m
long x 100mm thick. Determine the quantity of cement in kgs, sand and
gravel in cubic meter and water in liters. The design mix is class C.
Volume of concrete: Solving for the w/c ratio at 2,500 psi:
Vc = 3 x 5 x 0.1 = 1.5 cubic meters x-0.82/(2500-2000) = .68-.82/(3000-2000)
Based on the standard mix class C at 2,500 w/c @ 2,500 psi = 0.75
psi, the proportion is 1:3:6.
w (in liters)/ cement (in kgs) = 0.75
Cement = 1.5 cubic meters x 240 kgs. (6bags
x 40 kgs) = 360 kgs. w = 0.75 x 360 kgs (cement)
Sand = 1.5 cubic meters x 0.5 cubic meter = w = 270 liters
0.75 cubic meter
Gravel = 1.5 cubic meters x 1 cubic meter =
1.5 cubic meter
Sample Problem
A concrete column is 7 m high with a cross sectional dimension of 300 mm x
400 mm. Determine the quantity of cement, sand, gravel and water content
of the column if there are 8 columns in the row using class AA concrete.
Volume of concrete: w/c @ 4,000 psi = 0.57
Vc = .3 x .4 x 7 x 8 = 6.72 cubic meters w (in liters)/ cement (in kgs) = 0.57
Based on the standard mix class AA at w = 0.57 x 3,225.6 kgs (cement)
4,000 psi, the proportion is 1:1.5:3.
w = 1,838.6 liters
Cement = 6.72 cubic meters x 480 kgs.
(12bags x 40 kgs) = 3,225.6 kgs.
Sand = 6.72 cubic meters x 0.5 cubic meter =
3.36 cubic meter
Gravel = 6.72 cubic meters x 1 cubic meter =
6.72 cubic meter
Plate No. 4
Estimating of Concrete
Reference: WBS
Following the WBS of your respective projects, prepare the following:
- Estimate take-off of concrete per structural element per level.
- The printout should contain the measurement of dimension considered in the
volume computation.
- Upon determination of the volume of concrete, determine the quantity of the
cement (in kgs), sand and gravel (in cubic meter) and water (in liters) based on
the compressive strength design.
- Research the productivity rate of manpower involved in concreting works and
their daily wages (Metro Manila rate). Database only.
- Deadline: March 20, 2024
Plate No. 4
Estimating of Concrete
Sample Layout for Volume of Concrete Computation:
Plate No. 4
Estimating of Concrete
Sample Layout for Take off of Materials for Concreting Works:

You might also like