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L3 Algebra Class 3

This document provides an overview of topics in algebra including quadratic equations, factoring trinomials, solving quadratic equations, and special factorizations. It also includes homework problems for students to practice these skills without using a calculator.

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nie leon
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96 views

L3 Algebra Class 3

This document provides an overview of topics in algebra including quadratic equations, factoring trinomials, solving quadratic equations, and special factorizations. It also includes homework problems for students to practice these skills without using a calculator.

Uploaded by

nie leon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TTMath School

Level 3: Algebra Class 3

1. 1 variable degree 2 equation (Quadratic equation)


(a) Standard form: Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 where A, B, C are constants, A 6= 0.
(b) Factored form: A(x + R)(x + S) = 0 where A, R, S are constants, A 6= 0.
(c) Expanding: The process of going from factored form into standard form.
(d) Factoring: The process of going from standard form into factored form.
(e) Roots/zeroes/solutions: Solutions to a quadratic equation.
2. Factoring Trinomials
• Step1: Write the trinomial in standard form. Ax2 + Bx + C = 0

• Step2: Factor out the greatest common factor of all terms. K ax2 + bx + c = 0
• Step3: Let P = ac and find two numbers, r and s, such that rs = P and r + s = b.
• Step4: Factor K((ax2 + rx) + (sx + c)) = 0 by grouping.
3. Factoring Trinomial Example: Consider the expression −26n − 14 + 4n2 .
• Step1: 4n2 − 26n − 14
• Step2: 2(2n2 − 13n − 7)
• Step3: Since P = −14 and b = −13 then r = −14 and s = 1
• Step4:

2 2x2 − 14x + (x − 7)
 

=2 (2x (x − 7) + (x − 7))
=2 (x − 7) (2x + 1)

4. Solving Quadratic Equation


• Step1: Express the quadratic in factored form. A(x + R)(x + S) = 0
• Step2: Solving x + R = 0 and x + S = 0 for two answers.
5. Special Factorizations
(a) Perfect square: a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
(b) Difference of squares a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b)
(c) Sum of Cubes: a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 − ab + b2 )
(d) Difference of Cubes: a3 − b3 = (a − b)(a2 + ab + b2 )
(e) Simon’s Favorite Factoring Trick: ab + ay + bx + xy = (a + x)(b + y)

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6. Vieta’s formula: The roots of a quadratic, ax2 + bx + c = 0, can be related to its coefficient.
Specifically, if α and β are the two roots then
b
α+β =−
a
c
αβ =
a

Homework
Complete the following problems. Remember to show your work and simplify your answer. Do not
use a calculator.
1. Additional Practice: “Introduction to Algebra”: Chapter 10, 11
Next Class: “Introduction to Algebra”: Chapter 12, 13, 14
2. Solve the following equations for real solutions. (You must use factoring)
(a) g 2 + 1.5g − 10 = 0

(b) 6n8 + 30n7 + 36n6 = 0

(c) −2q 2 − 5q + 3 = 0

(d) 2r3 + r2 − 2r − 1 = 0

(e) s4 − 2s2 + 1 = 0

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(f) 22t + 5(2t ) + 4 = 0

(g) 4u + 2u+1 + 1 = 0

(h) vw + v + w + 1 = 0

√
(i) w + 2 w + 1 = 0

(j) x6 y 6 − 6x3 y 3 + 5 = 0

(k) y 8 − 1 = 0

(l) z 4 + z 2 + 1 = 0

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(m) x2 y 2 − 4y 2 − x2 + 4 = 0

(n) 2cd − 3d − 14c + 21 = 0

3. Find the sum of the squares of the roots 3x2 − 3x + 4 = 0 without explicitly finding the roots. (Yes, the answer
does exist)

4. Consider the quadratic equation in x, 2x2 − 5x − a = 0. If the two roots are in the ratio of x1 : x2 = 2 : 3, find
the value of a.

a
5. Let a and b be two real numbers such that a2 + 3a + 1 = 0 and b2 + 3b + 1 = 0. Find the value of b + ab .

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√ √
6. Points ( π, a) and ( π, b) are distinct points on the graph y 2 + x4 = 2x2 y + 1.
(a) Find the value of a + b.

(b) Find the value of |a − b|.

√
7. Solve the equation 2x2 + 7 3x + 9 = 0. (You must use factoring)

8. Solve the equation (x2 + 5x − 24)(x2 − 3x + 2) = (4x − 10)(x2 + 5x − 24).

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9. Find all pairs of integers (p, q) such that pq − 3p + 5q = 0.

10. Solve the equation x2 + 2x + y 2 + 2 = 2y.

11. If m and n are the roots of x2 + mx + n = 0, where m 6= 0 and n 6= 0, then find the numerical value of m + n?

12. Let p, q, and r be constants. One solution to the equation (x − p)(x − q) = (r − p)(r − q) is x = r. Find the
other solution in terms of p, q, and r.

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13. Compute
1999199819972 − 2 · 1999199819942 + 1999199819912.

√
14. Find x − y given that x4 = y 4 + 18 3, x2 + y 2 = 6, and x + y = 3.

15. Suppose the quadratic x2 + bx + c equals 0 when x = r or x = s. If r2 s + s2 r = 10, and b and c are integers,
find all possible ordered pairs (b, c).

16. Find all triples (a, b, c) such that all three of the following equations are satisfied:

a(b + c − 5) = 7,
b(a + c − 5) = 7,
a2 + b2 = 50.

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17. Joel is thinking of a quadratic and Eve is thinking of a quadratic. Both use x as their variable. When they
evaluate their quadratics for x = 1, they get the same number. When they evaluate their quadratics for x = 2,
they both again get the same number. And when they evaluate their quadratics for x = 3, they again both
have the same result. Are their quadratics necessarily the same?

18. Let x and y be numbers such that

|x| 6= |y|, x3 = 15x + 4y, and y 3 = 4x + 15y.

Find x2 + y 2 .

√
19. Determine 1 + 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 without a calculator.

20. Factor x4 + 4y 4 .

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21. Express 222 + 1 as the product of two four-digit numbers.

22. Simplify the expression √ √


( 2 − 1)1− 3
√ √ ,
( 2 + 1)1+ 3
√
writing your answer as a − b c, where a, b, and c are positive integers.

23. Without a calculator, find the sum of the digits of the number 20034 − 19974.

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