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2.4 - What Is Machine Learning-1

This document discusses machine learning including definitions, types of machine learning algorithms like supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Supervised learning includes classification and regression. Unsupervised learning includes clustering. The document provides examples of applying different machine learning techniques.

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Nick Jara
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25 views

2.4 - What Is Machine Learning-1

This document discusses machine learning including definitions, types of machine learning algorithms like supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Supervised learning includes classification and regression. Unsupervised learning includes clustering. The document provides examples of applying different machine learning techniques.

Uploaded by

Nick Jara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2: What is Machine Learning

Lecture 2.4: Machine Learning & its Types


Objectives

By the end of this lecture, you will have learned:

• What is Machine Learning?


• The main categories of machine learning algorithms
Machine Learning

Machine learning is a
subset of artificial
intelligence.

It uses computer
algorithms to analyze
data and make
intelligent decisions
based on what it has
learned.
Machine Learning

Machine learning
provides the foundation
for artificial intelligence.

machine learning is a
technique in which we
train a software model
using data.
Machine Learning
Traditional Programming
With traditional programming, we take data and rules,
and use these to develop an algorithm that will give us an
answer.

The algorithm does


not change
Machine Learning

Machine Learning, takes data and answers as inputs and


creates the algorithm.

Instead of getting
answers in the end
we already have the
answers.

The system learns


from those answers
to predict in future.
Machine Learning
With Machine Learning given this dataset, we are able to
learn and create a model that given inputs, will predict
results.

unlike a traditional
algorithm, it can be
continuously trained
and be used in the
future to predict
values.

Machine Learning relies on


defining behavioral rules by
examining and comparing
large datasets to find
common patterns.
Types of Machine Learning

Classification
Supervised
Learning
Regression
Machine
Learning
Unsupervised
Clustering
Learning

Reinforcement
Learning
Supervised Learning
We start with a data set that contains historical
records, often called cases or observations.

we're creating a function that operates on a


set of features, X, to produce predictions, Y.

In supervised learning scenarios, we start with


the observations that include known values for
the variable we want to predict.
Supervised Learning

we can provide a machine We can also create a label for "cat" and
learning program with a large provide pictures of cats to train on.
volume of pictures of birds and
train the model to return the When the machine model is shown a
label "bird" whenever it has picture of a cat or a bird, it will label the
provided a picture of a bird picture with some level of confidence.
Supervised Learning: Regression
The regression model
Use Regression if need to
learns from historical data
predict numeric values
for Calories burnt, with
such as amount of money,
the given age, gender,
temperature, house price
weight, height, time etc.
Supervised Learning: Regression
The regression model
Use Regression if need to
learns from historical data
predict numeric values
for Calories burnt, with
such as amount of money,
the given age, gender,
temperature, house price
weight, height, time etc.
Supervised Learning: Regression

Find how many Calories the person


will burn given the age, gender,
weight, height, time etc.
Supervised Learning: Classification
Use Classification if need to predict a
class or a category.
Binary Classification is the simplest
variant (belongs of one of 2 classes)
Supervised The available data is
Learning: used to train the
classification models.
Classification
Supervised Learning: Classification

Classification model accuracy is determined by using a Confusion


Matrix: True +ve (TP), False +ve (FP), True –ve (TN) and False –ve (FN)

TP FP
FP

FN TN
Unsupervised Learning

This type of learning can be


useful for clustering data,
where data is grouped
according to how similar it is to
its neighbors and dissimilar to
everything else.
we don't have known label values in
the training data set. We train the model
by finding similarities between the
observations.

you provide a machine learning


algorithm with a constant stream of
network traffic and let it
independently learn the baseline,
normal network activity, as well as
the outlier and possibly malicious
behavior happening on the network.
Unsupervised Use Clustering to divide
similar entities into groups
Learning: and clusters and separate
from entities that are not
Clustering similar
Reinforcement Learning

The algorithm figures out how


to achieve the goal by trying
different combinations of
allowed actions and is
rewarded or punished
depending on whether the
decision was good or bad.

The algorithm tries its best to


maximize its rewards within the
constraints provided. You could
use Reinforcement Learning to
teach a machine to play chess
or navigate an obstacle course.
Machine
Learning:
Data Sets

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