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Abraham Maslaw - 231203 - 123247

Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs theory where human motivation is driven by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs. The theory presents these needs in a pyramid structure where lower level needs must be met before progressing to higher level needs such as self-actualization and self-fulfillment.

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70 views4 pages

Abraham Maslaw - 231203 - 123247

Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs theory where human motivation is driven by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs. The theory presents these needs in a pyramid structure where lower level needs must be met before progressing to higher level needs such as self-actualization and self-fulfillment.

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satyen4sk2015
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Abraham Maslaw:

In a 1943 paper titled "A Theory of Human Motivation," American psychologist


Abraham Maslow theorized that human decision-making is undergirded by a
hierarchy of psychological needs. In his initial paper and a subsequent 1954 book
titled Motivation and Personality, Maslow proposed that five core needs form the
basis for human behavioral motivation.

Maslow's theory presents his hierarchy of needs in a pyramid shape, with basic
needs at the bottom of the pyramid and more high-level, intangible needs at the
top. A person can only move on to addressing the higher-level needs when their
basic needs are adequately fulfilled.
1. Physiological needs: The first of the id-driven lower needs on Maslow's
hierarchy are physiological needs. These most basic human survival needs
include food and water, sufficient rest, clothing and shelter, overall health,
and reproduction. Maslow states that these basic physiological needs must
be addressed before humans move on to the next level of fulfillment.
2. Safety needs: Next among the lower-level needs is safety. Safety needs
include protection from violence and theft, emotional stability and
well-being, health security, and financial security.
3. Love and belonging needs: The social needs on the third level of Maslow’s
hierarchy relate to human interaction and are the last of the so-called lower
needs. Among these needs are friendships and family bonds—both with
biological family (parents, siblings, children) and chosen family (spouses
and partners). Physical and emotional intimacy ranging from sexual
relationships to intimate emotional bonds are important to achieving a
feeling of elevated kinship. Additionally, membership in social groups
contributes to meeting this need, from belonging to a team of coworkers to
forging an identity in a union, club, or group of hobbyists.
4. Esteem needs: The higher needs, beginning with esteem, are ego-driven
needs. The primary elements of esteem are self-respect (the belief that you
are valuable and deserving of dignity) and self-esteem (confidence in your
potential for personal growth and accomplishments). Maslow specifically
notes that self-esteem can be broken into two types: esteem which is based
on respect and acknowledgment from others, and esteem which is based on
your own self-assessment. Self-confidence and independence stem from this
latter type of self-esteem.
5. Self-actualization needs: Self-actualization describes the fulfillment of your
full potential as a person. Sometimes called self-fulfillment needs,
self-actualization needs occupy the highest spot on Maslow's pyramid.
Self-actualization needs include education, skill development—the refining
of talents in areas such as music, athletics, design, cooking, and
gardening—caring for others, and broader goals like learning a new
language, traveling to new places, and winning awards.
Maslow referred to self-actualization as a “growth need,” and he separated it from
the lower four levels on his hierarchy, which he called “deficiency needs.”
According to his theory, if you fail to meet your deficiency needs, you’ll
experience harmful or unpleasant results. Conditions ranging from illness and
starvation up through loneliness and self-doubt are the byproducts of unmet
deficiency needs. By contrast, self-actualization needs can make you happier, but
you are not harmed when these needs go unfulfilled. Thus, self-actualization needs
only become a priority when the other four foundational needs are met.

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