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Class Vii Notes For Electric Current and Its Effects-1.Cleaned

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DAV BHEL SCHOOL, RANIPET-632 406

CLASSWORK NOTES
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS EFFECTS
CLASS: VII
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:
1. Define:
a) Battery: A combination of two or more cells.
b) Electric Current: Rate of flow of electric charges.
c) Electric circuit: The path of flow of electric current is called an electric circuit.
d) Circuit diagram: A circuit diagram shows an electric circuit using
symbols for various electric components.
e) Open Circuit: A circuit is open when electric current does not flow due to the
presence of an insulator in its path.
f) Closed Circuit: A circuit is closed when all the components in the circuit are
conductors and allow electric current to pass through them.
g) Primary cell: These cells are designed to be used once and discarded. It
cannot be recharged and reused again. Eg: Dry cells
h) Secondary Cell: These can be charged, used and again recharged many a
times. Eg: lead- acid battery
i) Switch: Switch is a device which connects or breaks an electric circuit.
j) Element: The coil present in heating devices is called an Element. When
current passes through a coil, it becomes red hot and gives out heat.
k) Electric bulb: An electric bulb consists of a coiled filament made of Tungsten
in an evacuated sealed glass bulb. The filament of an electric bulb gets
heated to such a high temperature that it starts glowing.

l) Electromagnetism: Electromagnetism is a branch of physics, that


deals with the study of electricity and magnetism.
m) Electromagnet: When we wrap a wire around a soft iron piece and pass
electric current through the wire, the coil behaves like a magnet. A temporary
magnet made using such an arrangement, by passing electricity is called an
electromagnet.
2. Draw the symbols of the components of an electric circuit.

3. Explain the role of an electric switch in an electric circuit.


Ans:
• A switch can be placed anywhere in the circuit.
• When the switch is in the ‘ON’ position, the circuit from the positive terminal of the
battery to the negative terminal is complete. The circuit is then said to be closed
and the current flows throughout the circuit instantly.
• When the switch is in the ‘OFF’ position, the circuit is incomplete. It is said to be
open. No current flows through any part of the circuit.

4. What is heating effect of electric current?


Ans: When an electric current flows through a wire, the wire gets heated. This is
called heating effect of electric current.

5. List some electrical appliances which work based on heating effect of electric current.
Ans: Immersion water heaters, hot plates, electric irons, geysers, electric
kettles, hair dryers

6. Mention the factors on which the amount of heat produced in a conductor depends upon.
Ans: a) Material of the wire
b) Length of the wire
c) Thickness of the wire

7. Describe an experiment to show the heating effect of electric current


Aim: To show the heating effect electric current.
Materials required: electric cell, 10 cm long nichrome wire, two iron nails and an
electric switch
Procedure:
a. Take a 10cm long piece of nichrome wire and tie it between the nails and make
a circuit as shown in the figure.
b. Move the switch to the ON position.
c. After a few seconds touch the wire. The wire becomes red hot when electric
current passes through it.
Observation:
The nichrome wire became red hot. This shows the heating effect of electric
current.

8. What is an electric fuse? Why it is to be included in electric circuits in buildings and


electrical appliances?
Ans: Electric Fuse is a safety device that prevents damages to electrical circuits and
electrical gadgets. It consists of a small thin wire kept in a fuse box.
There is a maximum limit of current that can safely flow through a circuit. If by
accident the current exceeds this safe limit, the wire melts and breaks the circuit
preventing damage.

9. When does a fuse wire/filament melt?


Ans: a) When the circuit is overloaded
b) When there is a short circuit
c) When there is a fluctuation in the voltage.

10. Name the other safety device which is used nowadays instead of Fuse.
Ans: MCB’s are switches used instead of electric fuses which automatically turns off,
when the current in the circuit exceeds the safe limit.

11. Filament bulbs are replaced by a CFL bulbs. Why?


Ans: a) CFL bulbs reduce the heat produced in conventional bulbs.
b) It uses 20% of energy used by ordinary lamps and provides the same amount
of light.
c) It reduces usage of electricity.

12. Enumerate the uses of electromagnets.


Ans: a) To lift heavy loads.
b) In TV audio and video tapes.
c) In telephones, loudspeakers and electric bells
d) In electric motors used in refrigerators, washing machines etc.
e) In cranes, to separate iron objects from the junk
f) In MRI scanning machines.
g) By the eye doctors to remove small pieces of magnetic materials fallen into our
eyes.
i) Some toys have electromagnets inside them.

13. Who was the first person to discover the magnetic effect of electric current?
Ans: Hans Christian oersted.

14. Describe an experiment to show the magnetic effect of electric current.


Aim: To show the magnetic effect of electric current.
Materials Required: Cell, electric switch, electric bulb, magnetic compass
Procedure:
a) Wrap an electric wire a few times around a small sized cardboard. Place a small
compass needle inside it.
b) Now connect the free ends of this wire to an electric cell through a switch as shown
in the figure.
c) Move the switch to the ON position. We observe the deflection of the compass
needle.
d) Now move the Switch to OFF position. The compass needle deflects in the
opposite direction.
e) When electric current flows through a nearby wire, the compass needle deflects.
This is called the Magnetic effect of electric current

15. How will you make an electromagnet? Explain

•
Take a 75cm long insulated flexible wire and an iron nail about 6-10cm long.
Wind the wire tightly around the nail in the form of a coil.
• Connect the free ends of the coil to the terminals of a cell through a switch
as shown in the figure.
• Place a few iron pins near the end of the iron nail.
• switch on the current. We see the iron pins clinging to the nail. If we switch off the
current, the iron pins fall off.
16. Describe the construction and working of an electric bell

Construction: It consists of a coil of wire wound on a soft iron piece. The coil acts
as an electromagnet. An iron strip with a hammer at one end is kept close to the
electromagnet.
Working: When the iron strip comes in contact with the screw, current flows
through the coil, it becomes an electromagnet, causing the iron strip to get
attracted to it. When the iron strip is pulled to the electromagnet the hammer
attached to it is also pulled and strikes the gong and sound is produced.
As the iron strip moves away from the screw, the circuit is broken, the soft iron
loses magnetism. It is no longer an electromagnet. The iron strip comes back to its
original position and touches the contact screw. It is a closed circuit now. Current
flows in the coil and the hammer strikes the gong again. This process is repeated
in quick succession. This is how the bell rings.

17. When the current is switched on through a wire, a compass needle kept
nearby gets deflected from its north-south position. Explain.
Ans: When a current is switched on through a wire, the wire starts behaving as a
magnet. Hence, when a compass needle is placed near the given current carrying
wire, it gets influenced by the magnetic effect of electric current and gets deflected
from its North- South position.

18. Figure shows four cells fixed on a board. Draw lines to indicate how you will
connect their terminals with wires to make a battery of four cells.

Ans: To make a battery, the negative terminal of one cell must be connected to
the positive terminal of the next cell. The wire indicates the manner in which the
given cells should be connected with each other, as shown in the following
figure.

19. Do you think an electromagnet can be used for separating plastic bags from a
garbage heap? Explain.
Ans: No, Electromagnets can only attract magnetic materials. Plastic bag is a
non-magnetic material and will not be attracted by an electromagnet. Hence, an
electromagnet cannot be used for separating plastic bags from a garbage heap.
20. An electrician is carrying out some repairs in your house. He wants to replace a
fuse by a piece of wire. Would you agree? Give reasons for your response.
No, The electrician cannot be allowed to replace the fuse in the house by a piece of
wire. This is because every wire cannot be used as a fuse filament. A fuse filament
must have a low melting point such that it could melt and break in response of large
amount of current. Most of these wires have high melting points.

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