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Division of Polynomials

The document discusses two methods for dividing polynomials: long division and synthetic division. Long division involves repeatedly dividing terms and subtracting products, while synthetic division provides a shortcut method using the coefficients and zeros of the polynomials. An example of each method is provided.

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31 views

Division of Polynomials

The document discusses two methods for dividing polynomials: long division and synthetic division. Long division involves repeatedly dividing terms and subtracting products, while synthetic division provides a shortcut method using the coefficients and zeros of the polynomials. An example of each method is provided.

Uploaded by

bobonlike
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Brittany Christian Academy

Education beyond borders.

Second Quarter: Mathematics 10

Topic 2.1: Division of Polynomials Using Long and Synthetic Division


Dividing polynomials is an arithmetic operation where we divide a polynomial
by another polynomial, generally with a lesser degree as compared to the dividend. The
division of two polynomials may or may not result in a polynomial.

a. Dividing Polynomials Using Long Division


Example: Divide: (𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏) ÷ (𝒙 − 𝟑)

Quotient

Dividend
Divisor

Step 1. Divide the first term of the dividend (4x2) by the first term of the divisor (x), and
put that as the first term in the quotient (4x).

Step 2. Multiply the divisor by that answer, place the product (4x2 - 12x) below the
dividend.

Step 3. Subtract to create a new polynomial (7x - 21).

Step 4. Repeat the same process with the new polynomial obtained after subtraction.

So, when we are dividing a polynomial (4x2 - 5x - 21) with a binomial (x - 3), the
quotient is 4x+7 and the remainder is 0.
B. Dividing Polynomials Using Synthetic Division
The Synthetic division is a shortcut way of polynomial division, especially if we
need to divide it by a linear factor. It is generally used to find out the zeroes or roots of
polynomials and not for the division of factors. Thus, the formal definition of synthetic
division is given as:
“Synthetic division can be defined as a simplified way of dividing a polynomial with
another polynomial equation of degree 1 and is generally used to find the zeroes of
polynomials”

Example: Divide (2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5) ÷ (𝑥 + 2) using synthetic division.

x + 2 = 0
x = -2

Answer:
−31
2x 2 − 7x + 18 +
x+2

Steps:
1. Write the coefficients of the dividend and use the zero of the linear factor in the
divisor's place.
2. Bring the first coefficient down and multiply it with the divisor.
3. Write the product below the 2nd coefficient and add the column.
4. Repeat until the last coefficient. The last number is taken as the remainder.
5. Take the coefficients and write the quotient.
6. Note that the resultant polynomial is of one order less than the dividend polynomial.

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