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Additional Example - Rayleigh Flow - 1

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24 views

Additional Example - Rayleigh Flow - 1

Uploaded by

Samson Sithole
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Additional Rayleigh Flow Example

Air is heated as it flows subsonically through a 10cm x 10cm square duct. The properties of air at the
inlet are maintained at Ma1=0.4, P1 = 400kPa, and T1=360K at all times. Disregarding frictional
losses, determine the highest rate of heat transfer to the air in the duct without affecting the inlet
conditions.
Chapter 12 Compressible Flow
12-161
Solution Air flowing at a subsonic velocity in a duct is accelerated by heating. The highest rate of heat transfer
without affecting the inlet conditions is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 The assumptions associated with Rayleigh flow (i.e., steady one-dimensional flow of an ideal gas with
constant properties through a constant cross-sectional area duct with negligible frictional effects) are valid. 2 Inlet
conditions (and thus the mass flow rate) remain constant.
Properties We take the properties of air to be k = 1.4, cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K, and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K.
Analysis Heat transfer will stop when the flow is choked, and thus Ma2 = V2/c2 = 1. The inlet density and stagnation
temperature are
Q
P1 400 kPa 3
1 3.871 kg/m
RT1 (0.287 kJ/kgK)(360 K) P1 = 400 kPa
T1 = 360 K Ma2 = 1
k 1 1.4 - 1
T01 T1 1 Ma 12 (360 K) 1 0.4 2 371.5 K
2 2 Ma1 = 0.4
Then the inlet velocity and the mass flow rate become

1000 m 2 / s 2
c1 kRT1 (1.4 )(0.287 kJ/kg K)(360 K) 380.3 m/s
1 kJ/kg
V1 Ma 1c1 0.4(380.3 m/s ) 152.1 m/s

m air 1 Ac1V1 (3.871 kg/m 3 )(0.1 0.1 m 2 )(152.1 m/s) 5.890 kg/s

The Rayleigh flow functions corresponding to the inlet and exit Mach numbers are T02/T0* = 1 (since Ma2 = 1) .

T01 (k 1)Ma 12 [ 2 (k 1)Ma 12 ] (1.4 1)0.4 2 [2 (1.4 1)0.4 2 ]


0.5290
T0* (1 kMa 12 ) 2 (1 1.4 0.4 2 ) 2

Therefore,

T0 2 T02 / T0* 1
T02 T01 / 0.5290 (371.5 K ) / 0.5290 702.3 K
T0 1 T01 / T0* 0.5290

Then the rate of heat transfer becomes

Q mair c p T02 T01 5.890 kg/s 1.005 kJ/kg K 702.3 371.5 K 1958 kW 1960 kW

Discussion It can also be shown that T2 = 585 K, which is the highest thermodynamic temperature that can be attained
under stated conditions. If more heat is transferred, the additional temperature rise will cause the mass flow rate to decrease.
We can also solve this problem using the Rayleigh function values listed in Table A-15.

12-100
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to
teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.

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