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LE 2 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Subject Code: GEC107
Lesson Title: Local and Global Communication in Multi – cultural Settings and Perspectives in
Communication

LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION

I.
OUTLINE

Intercultural Communication

 Tugging the earlobes
There are 3 intercultural interferences:
 Different Cultural Affiliates
II. Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Languages  Inferiority of one’s culture
PERSPECTIVES IN COMMUNICATION  Diverse cultural communication practices.
III. Introduction
IV. Language
V. Other Factors Affecting our Perspective
LENS LESSONS II.VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGES
VI. Components of Communication Process Language Variety
VII. Kinds of Interference
VIII. 9 Principle of Effective Comm.  Is also called Lect.
IX. Ethical Consideration  It is a generic term for any distinctive form of a language of
X. Communication and Globalization linguistic expression.
XI. Local and Global Comm.  It is a term that encompasses the overlapping subcategories of
XII. Varieties and Register
language including dialect, register, jargon, and idiolect.
XIII. Evaluating Messages
 There are 8 Language Varieties:
XIV. Summary
 Dialect
 Refers to geographical variant of language
LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION  Variety of language spoken by a group of people
characterized by a systematic feature.
I.INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION  Sociolect
Intercultural Communication  Used by socioeconomic class, profession, age group or
any social group related to speaker’s social
 Language – is a way to bridge misunderstanding between people background rather than geographical. Determinants
of different cultures. It is a medium of exchanging ideas and
include age, gender, occupation, etc.
transmitting cultural practices of people in the global community.
 Idiolect
 Local Communication – it exposes the culture of the people
 the speech habits peculiar to a particular person.
forming their own identity in the community.
 Distinctive speech patter of an individual depending
 Intercultural Communication – refers to interaction with people
on whom one is addressing.
from diverse cultures. There are 4 forms of Intercultural
Communication:  E.g., "in his strange idiolect, he preferred to call angels
“angelicals“"
 Interracial Communication
 Slang
 Communicating with people from different races
 Slang is vocabulary that is used between people who
 Interethnic Communication
belong to the same social group and who know each
 Interacting with people of different origins
other well. Slang is very informal language.
 International Communication
 a type of language that consists of words and phrases
 Communication between representatives from
that are regarded as very informal, are more common
different nations
in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to
 Intra – cultural Communication
a particular context or group of people.
 Interacting with members of the same racial of ethnic
 Jargons
group or co – culture.
 Are technical words used by members of a particular
 4 maxims of Grice’s Principles of Cooperative Conversation
professions.
 Maxim of Relation
 Pidgins
 Should be relevant in conversation
 a grammatically simplified form of a language, used
 Requires response based on cultural and contextual
for communication between people not sharing a
requirements.
common language. Pidgins have a limited vocabulary,
 E.g., “Do you have mango juice?” – “Medium or Large
some elements of which are taken from local
“.
languages, and are not native languages, but arise out
 Maxim of Quantity of language contact between speakers of other
 Fair share – talk time languages.
 Everyone should be given the opportunity to talk and  “Nobody’s Language”
should not dominate the event.  E.g., “How bodi? / How you dey? – How are you doing
 Maxim of Quality today?”
 Everyone should maintain what is true in a given  Creole
conversation  Has become the first language of a new generation of
 Do not add or deduce information. speakers. Is a pidgin which has expanded in structure
 Maxim of Manner and vocabulary.
 In local culture, Manner of saying the word is more  Register
regarded than the content.  Sometimes called Style
 7 Common Body Languages in Multicultural Setting:  Set of language items associated with discrete or
 Shaking Hands occupational groups according to its use in social
 OK Sign situations. Level of formality with which you speak.
 Thumbs Up  There are 5 types of register:
 Sitting with crossed legs  Frozen or Static Register
 Eye – contact  Language is frozen in time and form.
 Nodding the head  E.g., Biblical Verse, payers, etc.

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LE 2 
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Subject Code: GEC107
Lesson Title: Local and Global Communication in Multi – cultural Settings and Perspectives in
Communication
Formal Register
 Speaker uses complete sentences,
avoids slang and may use technical or
LENS LESSONS

VI.COMPONWENT OF THE COMMUNICTION PROCESS

academic vocabulary. LESSON
 Fewer contractions instead of complete 1. Source. The sender carefully crafts the message. The sender maybe
words anyone: an author of a book, public speaker in special occasion or even a
 E.g., “have not” instead of “haven’t” traffic enforcer.
2. Message. The message is the reason behind any interaction. It is the
 Consultative Register
meaning shared between the sender and the receiver.
 Register used when consulting an expert 3. Encoding. The process of transferring the message.
like a doctor. Language is more precise. 4. Channel. The channel is the means by which the message is conveyed.
Speaker likely addresses the expert by When we answer a phone call, the phone is the channel. On the other
“Doctor”, “Mr.”, or “ Ms.” hand, when your parents receive a notification of your absences from
 Casual or Informal Register school, the channel is the letter. It is the responsibility of both the sender
 Conversational in tone like between and the receiver to choose the best channel for the interaction.
friends. 5. Decoding. The process of interpreting the encoded message.
 E.g., emails. Texts, short notes, friendly 6. Receiver. The receiver is the person who receives the transmitted
letters, etc. message. The receiver may be a part of the audience in a public speaking
event, a reader of the letter o a driver who reads the road signs. The
 Intimate Register
receiver is expected to listen or read carefully, to be aware of different
 Language used by lovers, sexual kinds of sender to joy down information when needed, to provide
harassment, and avoided in public and response and to ask question for clarification.
professional settings. 7. Feedback. In any communication scenario, a feedback is essential to
 2 well – known varieties of English: confirm recipient understanding. Feedbacks, like messages, are expressed
 British English in varied forms. A simple nod for a question of verification is considered a
 American English feedback. Thus, feedbacks may be written, spoken or acted out.
8. Environment. The place, the feeling, the mood, the mindset and the
condition of both sender and receiver are called the environment. The
environment may involve the physical set-up of a location where
PERSPECTIVES IN COMMUNICATION communication takes place, the space occupied by both the sender and
the receiver, including the objects surrounding the sender and receiver.
III.INTRODUCTION 9. Context. This involves the expectations of the sender and the receiver
Introduction and the common or shared understanding through the environmental
signals.
 Our individual perceptions are the filter through which we 10. Interference. This is also known as a barrier or block, prevents
communicate with others. effective communication to take place.
 This filter means that we do not always start with the same
perspective are the person we are communicating with.
VI.KINDS OF INTERFERENCE
LESSON
a. Psychological barriers are thoughts that hamper the message to be
IV.LANGUAGE interpreted correctly by the receiver. This may include past experiences.
Language b. Physical barriers include competing stimulus, weather and climate,
health and ignorance of the medium.
 The same words can have different meanings depending on how c. Linguistic and cultural barriers pertain to the language and its cultural
we interpret them. environment. Words may mean another in different cultures.
 E.g., A woman without her man is nothing. A woman. Without her, d. Mechanical barriers are those raised by the channels employed for
a man is nothing. interpersonal, group or mass communication. These include cell phones,
laptops and other gadgets used in communication.

V.OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING OUR PERSPECTIVE VIII.THE 9 PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Factors Affecting our Perspectives LESSON
1. Clarity. This makes speeches understandable. Fuzzy language is
 There are 4 factors: absolutely forbidden, as are jargons, cliché expression, euphemism and
 Past Experiences doublespeak language.
 Prejudices 2. Concreteness. This reduces misunderstandings. Message must be
 Occur when we take isolated experience with one supported by facts such as research data, statistic or figures. To achieve
type of person and then act as if all the encounters in concreteness, abstract words must be avoided.
the future with people of the same type with or with 3. Courtesy. This builds goodwill. It involves being polite in terms of
the same characteristics will result in the same approach and manner of addressing an individual.
4. Correctness. Glaring mistakes in grammar obscure the meaning of a
experience.
sentence. Also, the misuse of language can damage your credibility.
 Feelings
5. Consideration. Message must be geared towards the audience. The
 Environment sender of a message must consider the recipient’s profession, level of
 “Precision of communication is important, more education, race, ethnicity, hobbies, interest, passion, advocacies, and age
important than ever, in our era trigger balances, when when drafting or delivering a message.
a false or misunderstood word may create as much 6. Creativity. This means having the ability to craft interesting message
disaster as sudden thoughtless act” - James Thurber. in terms of sentence structure and word choice.
7. Conciseness. Simplicity and directness help you to concise. Avoid
using lengthy expressions and words that may confuse the recipient.

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LE 2 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Subject Code: GEC107
Lesson Title: Local and Global Communication in Multi – cultural Settings and Perspectives in
Communication
8. Cultural Sensitivity. Today, with the increasing emphasis on
empowering diverse, cultures, lifestyle and races and pursuit for gender
equality, cultural sensitivity becomes an important standard for effective
XI.LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMM.
LESSON
Living in a globalized world, you encounter people with diverse cultural
communication. backgrounds. Such interactions occur in social, educational, political and
9. Captivating. You must strive to make messages interesting to commercial settings. Hence, in today’s era of increased global
command more attention and better responses. communication, it is imperative to understand intercultural
communication for us to enhance our intercultural awareness and
competence. Intercultural competence is essential for us to live
IX.ETHICAL CONSIDERATION IN COMMUNICATION harmoniously despite our differences in culture.
LESSON Intercultural communication refers to interaction with people from diverse
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that focuses on issues of right and wrong cultures. The forms of intercultural communication according to Jandt
in human affairs. Effective and ethical communicators (a) respect (2017) are the following:
audience; (b) consider the result of communication; (c) value truth; (d) use 1. Interracial communication – communicating with people from
information correctly; and, (e) do not falsify information especially in a different races
multicultural situation. 2. Interethnic communication – interacting with people of different
Below are some of the ethical considerations identified by Barrot and ethnic origins
Sipacio (2018). 3. International communication – communicating between
1. Uphold integrity. Be truthful with your opinion and be accurate with representatives from different nations
your judgement. 4. Intercultural communication – interacting with members of the same
2. Respect diversity of perspective and privacy. Show compassion and racial or ethnic group or co-culture
consideration with beliefs, status, affiliations, and privacy of others. According to Gamble and Gamble (2006), communication style among
3. Observe freedom of expression effectively. Be careful of what and how cultures differs; it may be high-context or low-context
you say your words depending on the type of people you are communication.High-context communication is a tradition-linked
communicating with. communication system which adheres strongly to being indirect. Low-
4. Promote access to communication. Give others an opportunity to context communication is a system that works on straightforward
express what they feel and think about the message being communicated. communication.
5. Be open-minded. Accept that others have different views or opinions, Improving Intercultural Communication Competence
which may conflict with yours. So, listen and process the views of other The following guidelines may help you enhance your ability to
people, and learn how to reconcile their opinions with your own. communicate effectively across cultures (Gamble & Gamble, 2008).
6. Develop your sense of accountability. Acknowledge responsibility for 1. Recognize the validity and differences of communication styles among
all your actions, good or bad. people.
2. Learn to eliminate personal biases and prejudices.
3. Strive to acquire communication skills necessary in a multicultural
world.
X.COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION
LESSON
Globalization is the communication and assimilation among individuals, XII.VARIETIES AND REGISTER OF SPOKENA AND WRITTEN LANGUGAE.
ethnicities, races, institution, governments of various nations supported by LESSON
technology and compelled by international trade. Due to globalization, the For us, speech is well-worth careful study because we depend on it so
more you become exposed to diversity—the valuing of the uniqueness or heavily for our communications with others. The development of human
differences in gender preference, color age, religious, affiliation, ethnicity, civilization owes it to a great extent to man’s ability to share experiences,
education, social and economic status and political beliefs. Globalization is to exchange ideas, and to transmit knowledge from one generation to
not a new process or concept. Years before the advent of technology, another.
people had been purchasing and selling each other properties, goods and The spoken mode is often associated with everyday registers while the
other objects of certain value. written mode is strongly associated with academic registers. However, this
Communication has since been increasingly global, blurring national is not always true. For instance, in everyday communication, face-to-face
boundaries. The ability to communicate effectively in a global setting can conversations are usually supplemented by text messaging.
be challenge. Hence, to effectively communicate in global context, a In academic contexts, significant forms of oral communication are used
general understanding of the differences in conducting communication along with written communication. Significantly, both every day and
from one country to another helps avoid miscommunication. academic communications are characterized by multi-modality or the use
People’s background and experiences influence their view of the world and of multiple modes of communication, including spoken, written modes and
the values, beliefs and behavior patterns assumed to be good. The images, music, videos, gestures, etc.
following are possible cultural barriers to effective communication in a Varieties of Spoken and Written Language
global environment: Lin (2016) presents the following nature of language variation as
1. Cultural relativism prescribed by most linguists based on the ideas of Mahboob (2014).
2. Lack of knowledge of others’ culture 1. Language varies when communicating with people within (local) and
3. Discrimination and harassment outside (global) our community.
4. Language differences 2. Language varies in speaking and in writing.
To get the desired outcome or response, the above barriers must be 3. Language varies in everyday and specialized discourses.
properly addressed. It is the responsibility of the parties involved in the Mahboob and Dutcher(2014) identified eight different domains in which
communication process to eliminate the possible hindrances in their language varies depending on the combinations of different values on the
exchange. The goal of effective global communication is to achieve three dimensions (field, tenor and mode) of the context of communication.
communication that gets the desired response leading to harmonious The first four domains include language variations that reflect local usage
connection. done in one local language or multiple local languages depending on the
Krizan (2014) suggests these strategies to become an effective global context. They vary in the following ways:
communicator: 1. Local everyday written. This may include instances of local usage found
1. Review communication principles. in the neighborhood posters (e.g. a poster looking for transients/bed
2. Analyze the message receive. spacers).
3. Be open to an accepting of other cultures. 2. Local everyday oral. This may occur in local communication among
4. Learned about culture and apply what is learned. neighbors in everyday, informal and local varieties of languages.
5. Consider language needs. 3. Local specialized written. An example of local specialized written usage
can be found in the publications and web sites of local societies such as the
Baguio Midland Courier.
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LE 2 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Subject Code: GEC107
Lesson Title: Local and Global Communication in Multi – cultural Settings and Perspectives in
Communication
4. Local specialized oral. It involves specialized discourses. For example,
in a computer shop in the neighborhood, specialized local usage can be
found (e.g. specialized computer game-related vocabulary is used).
Ethics is defined as a set of rules or guidelines; these are theories as to
which is right or wrong. In communication, ethics is of considerable
importance because it would likely guide everyone to effective
On the other hand, the other four domains involve global usage. These four communication process. Communication ethics emphasizes that morals
domains of language usage differ from the first four domains since they influence the behavior of an individual, group, or organization, thereby
refer to contexts of language usage where participants need to affecting their communication.
communicate with people not sharing their local ways of using language.
They are as follows:
Global everyday written avoids local colloquialisms to make the text
accessible to wider communities of readers. This can be found in
international editions of newspapers and magazines
1. Global everyday oral may occur in interactions between people coming
from different parts of the world when they talk about everyday casual
topics.
2. Global specialized written expands to as many readers internationally,
hence the non-usage of local colloquial expressions (e.g. international
research journal articles).
3. Global specialized oral occurs when people from different parts of the
world discuss specialized topics in spoken form (e.g. paper presentation
sessions in an international academic conference).

XIII.EVALUATING MESSAGES OF DIIF. TYPES OF TEXTS REFLECTING

DIFFERENT CULTURES.
LESSON
The Key Concepts of Media Literacy framework serves as a basis for
developing a critical understanding of the content of mass media, the
techniques used and the impact of these techniques. Also, the Key
Concepts of Media Literacy can be very helpful in the construction of media
texts for different purpose.
The term “text” includes any form of written, spoken or media work
conveying meaning to an audience. Text may use words, graphics, sounds
and images in presenting information. It may also be in oral, print, visual
or electronic forms.
Key Concepts of Media Literacy (Center for Media Literacy, 2005)
Key Concepts Guide Questions in Media Text Analysis
1. All media messages are “constructed”.
✓ What is the message of the text?
✓ How effectively does it represent reality?
✓ How is the message constructed?
2. Media have embedded values and points of view.
✓ What lifestyles, values and points of view
✓ are represented in the text?
✓ Who or what is missing?
3. Each person interprets messages differently.
✓ What message do you perceive from the text?
✓ How might others understand it differently?
✓ Why?
4. Media have commercial, ideological or political interests.
✓ What is the purpose of the text?
✓ Who is the target audience of the text?
✓ Who might be disadvantaged?
✓ Who created the text and why?
5. Media messages are constructed using a creative language having its
own rules.
✓ What techniques are used and why?
✓ How effective are the techniques in supporting the messages or
themes of the text?
✓ What are other ways of presenting the message?

X.SUMMARY
LESSON
Communication is defined as the process of transmitting information and
common understanding from one person to another. Communication
follows a process. There are 8 elements of communication: (a) Source; (b)
Message; (c) Channel; (d) Receiver; (e) Feedback; (f) Environment; (g)
Context; heart Interference.
Principles are consideration in the communication process. These
principles will ensure effectiveness along the communication process.

BATCH 2026 by:aaronmora