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Tutorial-1 - Mass Conservation

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45 views

Tutorial-1 - Mass Conservation

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sunita.storage01
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Department of Mechanical Engineerinng

Birla Institute of Technology Mesra


Ranchi-835215, INDIA

Thermo-Fluid Engineering (ME-213)(Tutorial 1)

1. Water flows steadily through a pipe of length L and radius R = 7.62 cm. Calculate
the uniform inlet velocity, U, if the velocity distribution across the outlet is given
by

 r2 
u  u max 1  2  , umax = 3.05 m/s [Ans: 1.524 m/s]
 R 

Figure 1. Problem 1.

2. A porous round tube with D = 60 mm carries water. The inlet velocity is uniform
with v1 = 7 m/s. Water flows radially and axisymmetrically outward through the
porous walls with velocity distribution
 x2 
v  v0 1  2  , v0 = 0.03 m/s and L = 0.95 m
 L 
Calculate the mass flow rate inside the tube at x = L. [Ans: 16.2 kg/s]

3. Viscous liquid from a circular tank, D = 300 mm in diameter, drains through a


long circular tube of radius R = 50 mm. The velocity profile at the tube discharge
is
 r2 
u  u max 1  2 
 R 
Show that the average speed of flow in the drain tube is vav = umax/2. Evaluate the
rate of change of liquid level in the tank at the instant when umax = 0.155 m/s.
[Ans: -8.61 mm/s]

4. A cylindrical tank, 0.3 m in diameter, drains through a hole in its bottom. At the
instant when the water depth is 0.6 m, the flow rate from the tank is observed to
be 4 kg/s. Determine the rate of change of water level at this instant. [Ans: -56.6
mm/s]

5. A conical funnel of half angle  = 15, with maximum diameter D = 70 mm and


height H, drains through a hole (diameter d = 3.12 mm) in its bottom. The speed
of the liquid leaving the funnel is approximately v = (2gy)1/2, where y is the height
of the liquid free surface above the hole. Find the rate of change of surface level
in the funnel at the instant when y = H/2. [Ans: -9.01 mm/s]
6. Flow of a viscous fluid over flat plate surface results in the development of a
region of reduced velocity adjacent to the wetted surface as shown in Fig. (2).
This region of reduced flow is called a boundary layer. At the leading edge of the
plate, the velocity profile may be considered uniformly distributed with a velocity
U. All along the outer edge of the boundary layer, the fluid velocity component
parallel to the plate surface is also U. If the x-direction velocity profile at section
(2) is
1/ 7
u  y
 
U  
Develop an expression for the volume flow rate through the edge of the boundary
layer from the leading edge to a location downstream at x where the
boundary layer thickness is δ.

Figure 2. Problem 6.

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