20 chủ đề IELTS Speaking

(Vocab + Sample)
Lesson 1: Holidays 2
Lesson 2: Relationships 5
Lesson 3: Technology 8
Lesson 4: Sport 10
Lesson 5: Food 13
Lesson 6: Education 15
Lesson 7: Work 18
Lesson 8: Health 21
Lesson 9: Books and Films 24
Lesson 10: Accommodation 26
Lesson 11: Clothes and Fashion 29
Lesson 12: Personality 31
Lesson 13: Business 34
Lesson 14: Physical Appearance 36
Lesson 15: Town and City 39
Lesson 16: Music 42
Lesson 17: Weather 44
Lesson 18: Shopping 47
Lesson 19: Environment 50
Lesson 20: Advertising 53
Lesson 1: Holidays
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: What kind of holiday do you like?
Miguel: I try to avoid tourist traps … I like to get away from it all and prefer
going somewhere off the beaten track … last year I had the holiday of a lifetime
… a two week wildlife safari in Kenya.
Examiner: What do you like to do when you’re on holiday?
Anna: I enjoy visiting the local places of interest … I like to go sightseeing and
always sign up for guided tours as it’s a chance to be shown around and take
photographs … one of my hobbies.
Examiner: Do you have many tourists in your country?
Amy: Yes … we have a lot of holiday resorts along the coast that are popular
with tourists … most people come on package holidays and stay in one of the
many hotels and self-catering apartments.
Part 2-style task
Describe a beautiful place you once visited. You should say:
● when you went to this place
● where it was
● who you went with
and say why you liked it so much.
Sally: A few years ago I went on a long weekend to the Lake District in the UK
… it’s a very popular holiday destination in the north of England … I went on
my own and had a wonderful time … I stayed in a youth hostel and met some
really nice people … but the most memorable thing about the holiday were the
breathtaking views … and lovely picturesque villages … it can get very busy
with hordes of tourists so I decided to go out of season in the autumn … the
weather was fantastic and the shops were full of local crafts
… a really great holiday … it’s certainly not the kind of short break for
someone looking for a busy nightlife but if you want to relax in the middle of
stunning landscape I would certainly recommend a holiday to the Lake District.
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What do you think has led to the growth in the tourism industry?
Miguel: It’s much easier and affordable to travel now … nowadays you can get
cheap charter-flights or all-in packages … to somewhere near or to a far-off
destination.
Examiner: How do people tend to choose a destination?
 Anna: The Internet is a great source of information and high street travel agents
are still very popular … that’s where I like to go to get holiday brochures for the
place I’m interested in.
Examiner: People sometimes say flying is the most glamorous form of travel.
Do you agree?
Amy: I’m not so sure really … flying can be quite boring … queuing up at the
check-in desk … going through passport control … sitting for ages in the
departure lounge … then the flight itself can be quite uncomfortable
… no … I’m not sure I agree. Definitions
● all-in package/package holiday: a holiday where you purchase the travel and
accommodation together
● breathtaking view: an extremely beautiful view
● charter-flight: a cheaper form of flying than a scheduled flight
● check-in desk: the place at the airport where you register for your flight and deposit
your luggage
● departure lounge: where you wait for your flight to be called
● far-off destination: somewhere a long way away
● to get away from it all: to take a holiday to escape a busy or stressful lifestyle
● guided tour: an organised group shown around a place of interest by an expert
● holiday brochure: a glossy publication with details of holiday packages
● holiday destination: where you go for a holiday
● holiday of a lifetime: a special holiday that you are unlikely to repeat
● holiday resort: a place where lots of people go for a holiday
● hordes of tourists: crowds of tourists
● local crafts: objects produced locally
● long weekend: an extended weekend holiday including Friday or Monday
● out of season: outside of the main holiday period
● picturesque village: very pretty village
● passport control: the place where your passport is checked
● places of interest: sites of interest to tourists
● wildlife safari: a holiday, often in Africa, to observe wild animals
● self-catering: a holiday where you supply your own food
● short break: a short holiday
● to go sightseeing: to look around the tourist sites
● stunning landscape: extremely beautiful countryside
● travel agent: a shop that specialises in booking holidays
● tourist trap: somewhere where too many tourists go
● youth hostel: a cheap form of accommodation
Lesson 2: Relationships
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you see your friends very often?
Louisa: Yes … we meet up most weekends … we all get on really well and
have a lot in common so we’re always happy doing the same things and going
to the same places.
Examiner: What do you like about your close friends?
Anna: I think we enjoy each other’s company … we see eye-to-eye on most
things so we rarely fall out with each other.
Examiner: Have you known each other long?
Amy: Most of them yes … although my closest friend Carrie … we struck up a
relationship at college and got on like a house on fire … but yes … my other
friendships go back years to when we were at school.
Part 2-style task
Describe a person you are very close to. You should say:
● who this person is
● when you met them
● where you met them
and say what it is about them you like so much.
Reiko: I’d like to talk about my boyfriend … Jose … we got to know each other
at University almost 4 years ago … we were in the same department
… initially we were just good friends and used to go out in a group with our
other friends … when Jose went back to Spain for the holidays we would keep
in touch with each other … then one year he invited me to come to Spain with
him … and that’s when we fell for each other I think … so you couldn’t really
say it was love at first sight as it had been over a year since we’d met … but we
really hit it off and by the time we got back to university in September we were
able to tell all our friends that we were in a relationship … what do I like about
Jose … well he’s very kind … very funny
… and very supportive … and we’re really well matched in our interests … he
hasn’t popped the question yet though … we’ve talked about getting married
and I think we’re both ready to settle down and have children … we’ll just have
to wait and see …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Do you think marriage is still as important as ever?
Cristine: Yes … it certainly is in my country … I think the problem for some
people is a lack of commitment … all relationships have their ups and
 Examiner: What do you think is the ideal time to get married?
Terry: Personally … I think you should wait until you’ve found yourself first
… decided if you want a career … perhaps do some travelling … you should do
this before tying the knot … although if you fall head over heels in love plans
like these can easily be forgotten.
Examiner: Is it important to keep in contact with our friends when we’re in
a relationship?
Maria: Absolutely … it’s so easy to drift apart from your friends when you fall
in love … but I think both partners should try not to lose touch with their friends
… that’s the best way to have a healthy relationship with your partner. Definitions
● to break up: to end a romantic relationship
● to drift apart: to become less close to someone
● to enjoy someone’s company: to like spending time with someone
● to fall for: to fall in love
● to fall head over heels in love: to start to love someone a lot
● to fall out with: to have a disagreement and stop being friends
● to get on like a house on fire: to like someone’s company very much indeed
● to get on well with: to understand someone and enjoy similar interests
● to get to know: to begin to know someone
● to go back years: to have known someone for a long time
● to have a lot in common: to share similar interests
● to have ups and downs: to have good and bad times
● a healthy relationship: a good, positive relationship
● to hit it off: to quickly become good friends with
● to be in a relationship: to be romantically involved with someone
● to be just good friends: to not be romantically involved
● to keep in touch with: to keep in contact with
● to lose touch with: to not see or hear from someone any longer
● love at first sight: to fall in love immediately you meet someone
● to pop the question: to ask someone to marry you
● to see eye to eye: to agree on a subject
● to settle down: to give up the single life and start a family
● to strike up a relationship: to begin a friendship
● to tie the knot: to get married
● to be well matched: to be similar to
● to work at a relationship: to try to maintain a positive relationship with someone
Lesson 3: Technology
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you enjoy using technology?
Stephan: Well … I wouldn’t call myself a techie or a computer buff but I enjoy
using computers … I’d like to find out more about how they work … when my
computer crashes I never know what to do.
Examiner: Do you use the Internet for your studies?
Sophie: Yes … I’d be lost without it … I do lots of video conferencing to
practise speaking and social media like Facebook is a good way to meet up with
other students … and I download podcasts that teach English vocabulary and
grammar.
Examiner: Do you have your own computer?
Tania: Yes … I have a Macbook Pro … I use it all the time … for word
processing … browsing websites and catching up with TV programmes I’ve
missed.
Part 2-style task
Describe an item of technology you have that is very important. You should say:
● what the technology is
● when you got it
● how often you use it and say how different your daily life would be
without it.
Mattie: I don’t have many gadgets … just a computer … a laptop and my
mobile phone … but I’ll talk about my computer as it’s so useful … it’s funny
really … 2 years ago I was still learning to use computers … how to use email
… send attachments how to access websites … then I decided to do a digital
editing course for video and photography … and so I bought the laptop when I
started the course … my husband had a desktop PC but it was very slow so I
decided to upgrade to a powerful one because we do a lot of video editing on
the course … it’s a high-spec laptop … very fast … the latest operating system
… it boots up really quickly and it’s fun to use so it makes working a pleasure
… I’ve become a competent computer user now … if I didn’t have it I daresay
I’d have to spend more time at college using their computers … but on the
positive side I suppose I’d read a lot more if I didn’t have it … I probably waste
a
lot of time surfing the web … but hopefully I won’t have to be without it …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What do you think are the important things people need to learn
when they start using computers?
Alejandro: Well … there are things like how to use the Internet … how to enter
a web address … how to navigate websites … that kind of thing but it’s also
important to know how to back up your files in case your computer crashes …
and all about Internet security.
Examiner: What kind of technological developments have made the biggest
impact on our lives?
Faydene: In my lifetime it has to be the Internet of course but I also think wifi
has made a huge difference to how we interact with the Internet … wireless
networks at home and public wifi hotspots mean we can go online easily …
access our mail … log into our work intranet and basically be connected
wherever we are.
Examiner: Do computers make it much easier to study?
Jane: Definitely yes … researching information is much easier with the
Internet .. you can bookmark webpages for future reference and writing essays
is much easier … being able to cut and paste sections of text means you can
experiment with organisation … so yes … compared to years ago when you had
a pile of books on your desk and a pen and paper
… it’s now much easier.
Definitions
● to access websites/email: to locate
● to back up files: to make a copy of files in case of a computer problem
● to boot up: to start a computer
● to bookmark a webpage: to mark a webpage for future reference
● to browse websites: to look at websites
● a computer buff: an expert computer user
● to crash: to suddenly stop working
● to cut and paste: to move text or images from one place in a document to another
place
● a desktop PC: a computer that isn’t portable and remains in situ on a desk
● digital editing: to edit digital materials like audio or video files
● download (podcasts): to save a copy of a file from the internet to your own device
● to enter a web address: to type the address of a website into the address bar of your
browser
 ● a gadget: a technological tool like a mobile phone or camera
● to go online: to start using the Internet
● high-spec (laptop): powerful computer with top quality components
● Internet security: Internet safety
● intranet: a network of connected computers within an organisation that is not
accessible by unauthorised visitors
● to navigate a website: to find your way around a website
● operating system: the software that tells the computer how to work
● send an attachment: send an email with an accompanying file
● social media: media used to interact with other people such as Facebook or Twitter
● to surf the web: to look at a series of websites one after the other
● a techie: somebody who has an interest in technology
● to upgrade: to obtain a more powerful or feature-rich computer or piece of
software
● video conferencing: to see and hear people from different locations using the
Internet
● wireless hotspot: a public place where you can access the Internet
● wireless network: a network where users can access the Internet without the use of
fixed cables
● word processing; producing written texts on a computer

Lesson 4: Sport
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you do any sports?
Loiuse: Not really … no … I always say I’m going to take up exercise and try
to get into shape but I never seem to get started … I sometimes wonder whether
I should get a personal trainer … someone who will sort out a fitness
programme for me and make me train hard ….
Examiner: How do you spend a typical weekend?
Stella: I’m a big football fan and weekends always centre around a football
match … I support FC Utrecht and have a season ticket so I go to most of the
home games and quite a few of the away games too … I’m
really looking forward to the new football season starting soon …
Examiner:
 Have you got any hobbies or interests?
Theo: Yes … I’m really keen on sports … I do judo once a week and play
tennis in the summer … I think it’s really important to keep fit … it makes you
feel good and energised for work and your studies ….
Part 2-style task
Describe a place you like going to in your leisure time. You should say:
● what this place is
● when you go there
● what you do there and say why you enjoy it there so much.
Maurice: I’d like to talk about my local sports centre … it’s a place I spend a lot
of time in … it’s a new building with all the latest sports facilities … I probably
go there at least twice a week … sometimes more often … it’s a huge place …
there’s an outdoor athletics track and some football pitches
… I play football so I’m often out there … there are several indoor squash and
tennis courts that I use occasionally … a big swimming pool … although I don’t
use that very often … I’m not a very strong swimmer … there’s a gym … lots
of things really … why do I enjoy going there … it’s just a really fun place to
be … there’s a good social side to it all … you can enter competitions … meet
up with other people who want to do the same sports … and because there are
so many activities on offer it gets you interested in different things … for
example I was listening to some people talking about training to run the
marathon and I’ve decided I might even think about that … I go jogging a
couple of times a week so it would give me something to aim for … so yes …
the
sports centre … that’s the place I really like to visit …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Should people be encouraged more to take up sport? Alejandro: I
think young people should be given the chance to discover
which sport they might like … watching sport is sometimes a good way to
get people started … not on TV but actually getting out … take athletics for
example … they could go to an athletics meeting … there are so many different
sports on show one might interest them …
Examiner: Why do some people enjoy participating in sport more than others?
Florrie: That’s a good question … I suppose some people are more concerned
about their health … they can’t stand the thought of being out of condition …
other people might be driven to excel … they want to set records or get personal
bests …
Examiner: Which sports do you think are best for people who aren’t used
 Julie: Well … I think people like this should avoid strenuous exercise so things
like circuit training are definitely out of the question … maybe just doing a brisk walk
every day … or swimming is always a good way to get started … Definitions
● an athletics meeting: an event where various athletics sports are held
● an athletics track: a running track
● an away game: a football match played in the opposing teams stadium
● a brisk walk: a fast walk
● to do judo: (not go or play)
● a football fan: someone who likes football
● a fitness programme: a schedule of activities to keep fit
● a football match: a game of football
● a football pitch: the surface on which you play football (as opposed to a stadium,
which is the building)
● a football season: a period in the year when football is played
● to get into shape: to become fit
● to go jogging: to run around the streets
● a home game: a football match played in the teams own stadium
● to keep fit: to stay in good physically condition
● to be out of condition: to not be physically fit
● a personal best: to achieve the best personal result so far in a sport
● a personal trainer: a sports coach that helps you on a one-to-one basis
● to play tennis/football: (not do or go)
● to run the marathon: to run a distance of 42.195 Kilometres
● a season ticket: a ticket that gives you entry to most of a team’s home games
during the sporting year.
● to set a record: to achieve the best result in a sport
● a sports centre: a public building where people can do various sports
● sports facilities: the equipment and services needed to do a sport
● a squash/tennis/badminton court: the surface where you play these sports
● strenuous exercise: exercise that needs a lot of physical effort
● a strong swimmer: a good swimmer
● a swimming pool: the place where you swim
● to take up exercise: to start doing exercise
● to train hard: to train with a lot of effort
Lesson 5: Food
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you like to cook?
Mandy: Not really no … most of the time I eat ready meals and take-aways
… that’s one of the reasons I love visiting my mum … you can always
guarantee lovely home-cooked food …
Examiner: What time do you usually eat dinner?
Michelle: We have our main meal at around 7.00 … I’m usually starving
hungry by then … in fact I often grab a bite to eat as soon as I get home from
college … a sandwich perhaps … but not too much to spoil my appetite …
Examiner: Are there any types of food you don’t like?
Lionel: No not really … I’m not a fussy eater at all … actually I eat like a
horse … I do a lot of sport and work up quite an appetite …
Part 2-style task
Describe a restaurant that you like to use. You should say
● where this restaurant is
● what kind of food it serves
● how often you go there and say why you like eating there so much.
Howard: OK … this is a nice topic to talk about … there’s a restaurant just
around the corner from where I live … it’s an Italian restaurant so as you’d
expect you can eat various pasta dishes and pizzas and I usually go there with
my family for a slap-up meal if we have anything to celebrate … it’s quite a
posh restaurant … the kind of place you would take someone if you wanted to
wine and dine them … we usually order a 3-course meal … a light starter then a
main dish … and I have quite a sweet tooth so I always look forward to the
dessert … I usually order Tiramisu … it makes my mouth water just to think
about it … I’m always totally full up by the end … why do I enjoy it there …
well … it’s not cheap … my parents always foot the bill and we couldn’t afford
to go there regularly so it’s always a nice treat …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: How can we encourage people to eat more healthily?
Anna: I think the best approach is to have everything in moderation …
processed food won’t kill you if you only eat it occasionally … but people
should also be encouraged to eat a balanced diet … try to cook fresh
ingredients at home a few times a week …
 Examiner: Do you think people enjoy their food as much as they should?
Florrie: I don’t know really … I suppose it’s true that people will often eat a
quick snack because they’re bored not because they’re dying of hunger … and
often they just bolt it down and don’t savour it … so yes … perhaps we could
take more time over our food …
Examiner: Do you think cooking is a pleasure or a chore for people who have
busy lives?
Julie: Well … whether you follow a recipe or make something up as you go
along … I think cooking is a very creative process … and cooking for other people is a
particular pleasure … there’s nothing more satisfying than seeing people you love tucking
into something you’ve cooked yourself … Definitions
● to be full up: to eat to the point that you can no longer eat any more
● to be starving hungry: an exaggerated way of saying you are very hungry
● to bolt something down: to eat something very quickly
● to be dying of hunger: an exaggerated way of saying you are hungry
● to eat a balanced diet: to eat the correct types and amounts of food
● to eat like a horse: to eat a lot
● to follow a recipe: to cook a meal using instructions
● to foot the bill: to pay the bill
● a fussy eater: somebody who has their own very high standards about what to eat
● to grab a bite to eat: to eat something quickly (when you’re in a rush)
● to have a sweet tooth: to enjoy sugary food
● home-cooked food: food cooked at home from individual ingredients
● the main meal: the most important meal of the day, usually eaten in the evening
● to make your mouth water: to make you feel very hungry for something
● to play with your food: to push food around the plate to avoid eating it
● processed food: commercially prepared food bought for convenience
● a quick snack: to eat a small amount of food between meals
● a ready meal: see ‘processed food’
● a slap up meal: a large meal
● to spoil your appetite: to eat something that will stop you feeling hungry when
it’s meal-time.
 ● a take away: a cooked meal prepared in a restaurant and eaten at home
● to tuck into: to eat something with pleasure
● to wine and dine: to entertain someone by treating them to food and drink
● to work up an appetite: to do physical work that leads to you becoming hungry

Lesson 6: Education
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Are you studying English at a school?
Michel: Yes … I’m taking an intensive course at a local private language school
… I attend classes three times a week …
Examiner: Would you say you are a good student?
Susan: I’m OK I think … I’m pretty good at meeting deadlines and I’m keeping
up with my studies … plus I find it quite easy to learn things by heart which is
useful when learning a language …
Examiner: When you were younger did you enjoy your time at school?
Theo: Yes … I liked school … it was an ordinary state school … nothing
special … a single-sex school … which I’m not sure I liked … but the teachers
were great … I had lots of friends and I never played truant like some pupils
there …
Part 2-style task
Describe a time during your education that you really enjoyed. You should say:
● when this period was
● where you were
● what you were studying at the time and say why you were so happy.
Caroline: I’d like to tell you about my time at university … I was a mature
student … I didn’t go to university until I was 25 … and it was my first time
away from my parents so it was very exciting … I was doing a Bachelors
Degree and it was a bit of a challenge … some people take a year out but I’d
been away from education for 8 years … plus I had to work my way through uni
so I was very busy … and sitting exams at the end of each year was a new
experience for me as well but I really enjoyed higher education learning about a
subject I loved … history … and the social life was great as well … I don’t
think I’ve ever had so many friends … I had my graduation ceremony last year
in the local cathedral and I know my parents were really proud … so yes … that
was a really happy time … I’m thinking of doing a Masters Degree soon …
though that might be through

distance learning as I have a full-time job now …

Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What qualities do you think a good teacher has?
Anna: They should be patient … they should be subject specialists and be able
to explain the subject clearly … they should give feedback quickly … for
example not hang on to essay for ages like some of my teachers … Examiner:
What are the advantages of studying on a distance learning course?
Florrie: It’s a more flexible way of studying especially if you have a job …
tuition fees are usually cheaper … but you have to be very motivated … and I
would imagine more people fall behind with their studies compared to face-to-
face classes …
Examiner: Do all children get equal opportunities in education?
Julie: In my country I think it is quite equal but in the UK I’ve heard that most
people who go to the top universities have studied at public schools … you have to be very
rich to study in a school like that … they’re usually boarding schools as well so the fees are
enormous … Definitions
● to attend classes: to go to classes
● bachelors degree: an undergraduate course which usually lasts 3-4 years
● boarding school: a school where pupils live during term time
● distance learning: a way of studying where tuition is carried out over the Internet or by post
● face-to-face classes: as opposed to distance learning the traditional way of studying in a
classroom with colleagues and a teacher
● to fall behind with your studies: to progress less quickly than others
● to give feedback: to offer guidance on a student’s work
● a graduation ceremony: an event where a successful student receives his or her academic
degree
● higher education: education, usually in a college or university, that is followed after high
school or secondary school
● an intensive course: a course that offers lots of training in order to reach a goal in as short a
time as possible
● to keep up with your studies: to not fall behind
● to learn something by heart: to memorize it
● a mature student: a student who is older than average and who has usually returned to
education after a period at work
● to meet a deadline: to finish a job or task in the time allowed or agreed
● to play truant: to stay away from classes without permission
● private language school: an independent school run as a business concern
● public schools: exclusive independent schools in the UK
● a single-sex school: a school where only boys or girls attend (as opposed to a mixed- sex
school)
● to sit an exam: to take an exam
● state school: a school paid for by public funds and available to the general public
● subject specialist: a teacher who has a great deal of knowledge about the subject they teach.
● to take a year out: to spend a year working or travelling before starting university
● tuition fees: the money paid for a course of study
● to work your way through university: to have a paid job whilst studying to support yourself
financially
Lesson 7: Work
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: What do you do?
Sasha: I do a job-share with a friend in a boutique … I enjoy it … I like
working with customers … unfortunately it’s only temporary work but one of
the perks of the job is I get a discount on the clothes … Examiner: Do you have
any career plans yet?
Carly: Yes … I’d like to be my own boss one day … I’m interested in
programming and I’d like to create apps for myself or for other companies
… I know being self employed would be a challenge but the
idea of doing a nine-to-five job doesn’t appeal to me at all …
Examiner: What do you see yourself doing in 10 years time?
Marie: I’d hope to be working … not a high-powered job … but I’m quite a
creative person so something where I can work with my hands would be nice …
as long as I’m not stuck behind a desk doing something boring in a dead-end
job I’ll be happy …
Part 2-style task
Describe your ideal job. You should say:
● what this job is
● whether you would need any qualifications
● whether it would be easy to find work and say why you would enjoy this
job in particular.
Max: I’ve always loved watching wildlife programmes on TV and often thought
how much I’d enjoy working with animals … perhaps in a safari park …
something like that … you’d probably need a degree to have any chance of
being called for an interview and whether there are many full- time jobs I don’t
know … I’m sure a lot of parks rely on voluntary work so it might not be easy
… and it probably wouldn’t be well-paid either but money isn’t everything …
I’d get so much job satisfaction … I can’t imagine it being the kind of job where
you get stuck in a rut … and I think I’d be good at it as well … I’d love to work
with animals I enjoy manual work and I’m a good team player … so even
though the working
conditions might not be the best I think that would be my ideal job …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: If there are a limited number of jobs available who should be given
priority, young people or older people with more experience?
Anna: Things are so different these days … a few years ago older employees
would often take early retirement or go onto part-time contracts and there were
always opportunities for younger people but
 now jobs are so scarce … I think younger people need to be given the chance
whenever possible …
Examiner: What are some of the important things a candidate should find out
before accepting a job?
Ali: Well … you’d need to know about your area of responsibility … and your
salary of course and then there are things like holiday entitlement … maternity
or paternity leave … if you’re thinking of having children … and what the
situation is regarding sick leave … that kind of thing …
Examiner: What are the advantages of having your own business rather than
working for someone else?
Julie: Well … unfortunately being an employee at the moment is very stressful
… people have very heavy workloads … they’re always under pressure to meet
deadlines … running your own business isn’t easy … but I do think it would be
far more satisfying … Definitions
● to be called for an interview: to be invited to attend an interview
● to be your own boss: to have your own business
● a dead-end job: a job with no promotional opportunities
● to do a job-share: to share the weekly hours of work with another person
● a good team player: somebody who can work well with other people
● full-time: the number of hours that people usually work in a complete week
● a heavy workload: to have a lot of work to do
● a high-powered job: an important or powerful job
● holiday entitlement: the number of days holiday allowed
● job satisfaction: the feeling of enjoying a job
● manual work: work that requires physical activity
● maternity leave: time off work given to a woman about to have a baby
● to meet a deadline: to finish a job by an agreed time
● a nine-to-five job: a normal job that consists of an 8 hour day (approximately)
● one of the perks of the job: an extra benefit you get from a job
● part-time: working less than full-time
● to run your own business: see ‘to be your own boss’
● to be self-employed: see ‘to be your own boss’
● sick leave: time allowed off work when sick
● to be stuck behind a desk: to be unhappy in an office job
● to be/get stuck in a rut: to be in a boring job that is hard to leave
● to take early retirement: to retire early (retire: to reach an age when you are
allowed to stop working for a living)
● temporary work: work done for a limited time only
● voluntary work: to work without pay
● to be well paid: to earn a good salary
● working conditions: the hours, salary and other entitlements that comes with the
job
● to work with your hands: to do manual work
Lesson 8: Health
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Have you got a relation you’re particularly fond of?
Sinita: Yes … my granddad … he’s 94 years old but generally he’s as fit as a
fiddle … we’re very close and see each other a lot … whenever he goes down
with a cold or is under the weather I make a point of visiting him …
Examiner: Do you do any sport?
Jon: Yes … I’m keen on skateboarding … but I haven’t done it for a while … I
had a bad fall recently and pulled a muscle and had a few cuts and bruises …
but I’m on the mend and hope to be doing it again soon … Examiner: Is there
anything you’re particularly afraid of?
Davide: The dentist … I hate going to the dentist … I only ever go if I have a
toothache so it usually means I have to have a filling or even have a tooth out …
I really don’t like it …
Part 2-style task
Describe a time when you were ill. You should say:
● when this was
● what your symptoms were
● how long the illness lasted and say how it affected your life at the time.
Pierre: This is a tricky one really as I’m usually quite healthy … I’ve never been
seriously ill … like everyone else I sometimes get a few aches and pains or
catch a cold … I can remember a few months ago I had to have time off work
with a heavy cold … I had the usual symptoms … a blocked nose … sore throat
… it lasted quite a while … about 2 weeks I think though I didn’t have that
much time off work … for a few days I remember feeling poorly but I was over
the worst of it after a few days and went back to work … I always find it’s
better to be active when you feel ill as it keeps your mind off your symptoms …
I think my family get a little fed up with me when I’m ill though … I tend to
feel sorry for myself and lie on the sofa all day as if I’m at death’s door … but
as I said earlier … on this occasion it was nothing serious and didn’t really
cause me any problems …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What costs are involved when you are ill in your country?
Anya: Well … people have to pay prescription charges which can be quite
expensive … but fortunately general healthcare is free … unless you want to go
private of course and then you can pay a fortune for your treatment
…
 Alicia: Yes .. I’ve got friends who have a day off work if they wake up with a
runny nose … and in most cases they seem to make a speedy recovery after
they’ve phoned in sick …
Examiner: Do women pay more attention to their health than men?
Julie: I think so yes … women are more likely to see their GP for a check- up if
they’re concerned about something … men tend to avoid facing up to any health problems
they have … my dad always seems to have a very chesty cough but refuses to go to make
an appointment to see the doctor … Definitions
● aches and pains: minor pains that continue over a period of time
● to be a bit off colour: to feel a little ill
● to be at death’s door: (informal) to be very ill indeed
● to be on the mend: to be recovering after an illness
● to be over the worst: to have got through the most serious or uncomfortable stage
of an illness
● to be under the weather: (informal) to not feel well
● a blocked nose: when the nose has excess fluid due to a cold
● to catch a cold: to get a cold
● a check-up: a physical examination by a doctor
● a chesty cough: a cough caused by congestion around the lungs
● cuts and bruises: minor injuries
● to feel poorly: to feel ill
● as fit as a fiddle: to be very healthy
● to go down with a cold: to become ill
● to go private: to choose to be treated by commercial healthcare rather than by
services offered by the state
● GP: General Practitioner (family doctor)
● to have a filling: to have a tooth repaired
● to have a tooth out: to have a tooth removed
● a heavy cold: a bad cold
● to make an appointment: to arrange a time to see the doctor
● to make a speedy recovery: to recover quickly from an illness
● to phone in sick: to call work to explain you won’t be attending work due to illness
● prescription charges: money the patient pays for medicine authorised by a
doctor ● to pull a muscle: to strain a muscle

● a runny nose: a nose that has liquid coming out of it

● a sore throat: inflammation that causes pain when swallowing
Lesson 9: Books and Films
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you like to read books?
Marie: Yes … I love reading … I like nothing more than to be engrossed in a
good book … I regularly take out books from the library and usually read them
from cover to cover in no time … and I can’t go to sleep at night without some
good bedtime reading …
Examiner: How often do you go to the cinema?
Jemma: Unfortunately we don’t have a cinema near us so we have to go into the
nearest town to catch the latest movie … I usually avoid seeing popular box-
office hits which I’m not always keen on seeing … I prefer low- budget films
… sci-fi especially … and there’s a great cinema I go to that has frequent
showings of films like these …
Examiner: Do you prefer reading books or watching films?
Louisa: I’m not really a big reader … I find books quite heavy-going … so I
much prefer to see a film … perhaps it’s the special effects or the
soundtrack … I don’t know … I just prefer a film …
Part 2-style task
Describe a book you have read or a film you have seen. You should say:
● what this book or film was
● when you read or saw it
● why you decided to see the film or read the book and say if you enjoyed it
and why.
Pauline I like reading … especially English novels … it’s a great way to
improve your vocabulary and there are so many fantastic authors to choose
from … one book that came highly recommended by my teacher was The
Mayor of Casterbridge … I was studying at a school in The UK at the time and
she said it would give me a picture of what life was like years ago in the area I
was living … well I have to say I absolutely loved it … it was a real page-turner
… it’s a historical novel and the setting was a fictional town called Casterbridge
… but actually it was based on a town near where I was studying called
Dorchester … it had such a great plot … to cut a long story short it tells the
story of the downfall of a man called Henchard the central character who lives
during a period of great social change around the time of the industrial
revolution … the reason I enjoyed it so much … apart from the great story … it
gave me a picture of what life had been like in the place I was studying at the
time … I really
couldn’t put it down … a fantastic story …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Is reading as pleasurable in digital format?
Alise: Personally I prefer reading a paperback or hardback … especially if I’m
reading a classic which I don’t think feels right as an e-book … but I can see it
can be good for others … my grandmother has an e-reader and she loves the
way you can enlarge the text …
Examiner: Do you think bookshops will survive the digital revolution?
Thomas: I think so … at least I hope so … I love flicking through books in a
bookshop … online shopping is useful … finding out on Amazon if a book you
want has got a good review … maybe getting one that is
difficult to find … but I still love the experience of being in a bookshop …
Examiner: Statistics show that visits to the cinema are up despite the availability
of DVDs and online downloads. Why do you think this might be?
Jamie: I think it’s the whole experience that the cinema offers … going out to
see a film when it goes on general release … and seeing it on the big screen is more
exciting than watching the film at home on TV … especially if it’s an action movie … and
watching it with others makes it even more special … Definitions
● an action movie: a film with fast moving scenes, often containing violence
● to be engrossed in: to be completely focused on one thing
● bedtime reading: something to read in bed before you go to sleep
● to be a big reader: someone who reads a lot
● to be based on: to use as a modal
● a box office hit: a financially successful film
● to be heavy-going: difficult to read
● a blockbuster: a film that is a big commercial success
● to catch the latest movie: to see a film that has just come out
● the central character: the main person in a film or book
● a classic: of the highest quality
● to come highly recommended: to be praised by another person
● couldn’t put it down: wasn’t able to stop reading a book
● an e-book: a digital book
● an e-reader: a device for reading e-books
● to flick through: to look quickly through a book
 ● to get a good/bad review: to receive positive or negative feedback
● to go on general release: when a film can be seen by the general public
● hardback: a book with a rigid cover (see ‘paperback’ below)
● a historical novel: a story set in the past
● a low budget film: a film made with a small amount of money
● on the big screen: at the cinema
● a page turner: a book that you want to keep reading
● paperback: a book with a flexible cover (see ‘hardback’ above)
● plot: the main events in a film or book
● to read something from cover to cover: to read a book from the first page to the last
● sci-fi: science fiction
● to see a film: to see a film at the cinema (see ‘watch a film’ below)
● the setting: where the action takes place
● showings: performances of a film
● soundtrack: the music that accompanies a film
● special effects: the visuals or sounds that are added to a film which are difficult to
produce naturally
● to take out (a book from the library): to borrow a book from the library
● to tell the story of: to outline the details of someone’s life or an event
● to watch a film: to watch a film on TV (see ‘to see a film’ above)

Lesson 10: Accommodation

Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you live in a house or an apartment?
Callum: Actually I live on campus … in a single room in halls of residence
… all first year students are encouraged to do that as they’re close to the
university … next year I plan to move into student digs in town … Examiner:
Tell me about where you live.
Julia: I live with my parents in the suburbs of Madrid … we only moved in
recently … in fact we had a house-warming party just a few weeks ago …
Examiner: What kind of accommodation do most people live in in your city?
Part 2-style task
Describe a house or an apartment you would like to live in. You should say
● what kind of accommodation it would be
● where it would be
● who would live there with you and say why you would enjoy living in this
place.
Paolo: I think most people when answering this question would say they’d like
to live in a big detached house with spacious rooms … views of the countryside
and so on … but actually my ideal home would be a lot different … I’ve always
loved the idea of having a mobile home … a really expensive one with all the
mod cons … so I could live wherever I wanted or at least have lots of holidays
and be able to take all my home comforts with me whenever I travelled … I
realise this would have to be a second home as I’d need a base … a permanent
address … but the mobile home would be the accommodation I’d find it
exciting to live in … I suppose once I settle down and have children I’ll want to
get on the property ladder … I’ll be like everyone else … saving up to put down
a deposit on a house or an apartment … I don’t think my family would want to
live in a mobile home … but I like to think I’ll still keep that dream home in
mind ….
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Is it better to own your own home or to rent?
Ana: I think both have their advantages … living in rented accommodation isn’t
necessarily a bad thing … you don’t have a huge debt like you do when you
take out a mortgage but I suppose the property market offers you an investment
for the future … I’m sure that’s why most people prefer to own their own home
…
Examiner: What options are available to young couples looking for
accommodation in your country?
Toni: If they want to buy their own home it isn’t easy for first-time buyers
… mortgages are hard to get so most people live with their parents or in rented
accommodation … but that can also be very expensive … you often have to pay
rent in advance … and if the accommodation isn’t fully furnished you have the
expense of buying furniture …
Examiner: What are some of the pleasures involved in making a home for
ourselves?
Suki: I suppose it starts with house-hunting … finding your ideal home … some
people enjoy doing up an old property … giving a property that’s old and tired a new lease
of life … others like making wherever they live feel like home with some home comforts
… Definitions
● (all the) mod cons: technology at home that makes jobs easier such as a washing
machine, dishwasher etc.
● apartment block: a large building made up of smaller units of apartments
● back garden: a garden at the rear of the house
● detached house: a house that is not physically connected to another property
● to do up a property: to repair an old building
● dream home: a home you regard as perfect
● first-time buyer: someone buying a property for the first time, especially when
taking out a loan (mortgage)
● fully-furnished: a rented property with all furniture included
● to get on the property ladder: to buy a property with the aim of buying another
bigger or more expensive one later in life
● hall of residence: a college or university building where students live
● home comforts: things that make a home feel comfortable to live in
● house-hunting: looking for a property to live in
● house-warming party: a party to celebrate moving into a new home
● ideal home: a perfect home
● to live on campus: to live on the university or college grounds
● mobile home: a home that can be moved by a vehicle or one that has its own
engine
● to move into: to begin to live in a property
● to own your own home: to have bought the property you live in
● to pay rent in advance: weekly or monthly rent paid at the beginning of the week
or month
● permanent address: a fixed address
● property market: the buying and selling of land or buildings
● to put down a deposit: to pay an amount of money as the first in a series of future
payments
● rented accommodation: property owned by someone else and for which a person
pays a fixed amount to live in
● single room: a room for one person
● spacious room: a large room
● student digs: student accommodation
● the suburbs: a residential area on the edge of towns or cities
 ● to take out a mortgage: to borrow a large amount of money, paid back over several
years, in order to buy a house
● terraced house: a house connected on both sides by other properties

Lesson 11: Clothes and Fashion

Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you enjoy buying clothes?
Pedro: I used to … yes … like most young people I was a bit of a slave to
fashion and I’d always have to buy that must-have shirt or pair of shoes … I’m
not so bothered now though … I wouldn’t feel comfortable wearing something
old fashioned but I’m not as bothered as I used to be about what I wear …
Examiner: What kind of clothes do you like to wear?
Marco: I prefer casual clothes actually … I hate getting dressed up for special
occasions … personally I think it’s possible to look good in a pair of jeans …
but that’s my opinion … I don’t think my wife would call me a fashion icon
that’s for sure …
Examiner: Are there many clothes shops where you live?
Sylvia: Yes … there are lots in my town … apart from the big chain stores
we’ve got a couple of really nice shops that sell vintage clothes … old clothes
but in a classic style that never really go out of fashion … I love going there …
Part 2-style task
Describe someone you know who dresses well. You should say
● who they are
● how you know them
● what kind of clothes they wear and say why you like the way they dress.
Tomoko: I’d like to talk about one of my teachers … Miss Evans … she teaches
us English in the school I go to … we always look forward to seeing what she’s
going to wear when our lessons start … she’s always very well dressed and
takes a lot of pride in her appearance … it’s not that she dresses in very smart
clothes … she doesn’t come to school dressed to kill or anything like that … but
what she wears really suits her … and she has a great sense of style as well …
we often ask her where she gets some of her clothes and most of the time
they’re just off the peg … and she says she’s not interested in designer labels or
anything like that … she doesn’t seem too concerned about keeping up with the
latest fashion … she just
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What factors do you think affect the clothes we choose to wear?
Maki: It depends … where we are or where we’re going is a big factor … if you
are going out to a club or party you’re going to dress for the occasion
… and then there are those who think it’s important to look like they’re on
trend … they’ll want to wear the latest fashions … there are lots of factors
really …
Examiner: What kind of things determine what is in fashion and what we should
be wearing?
Martin: I suppose the big fashion houses and fashion shows must have an effect
but the clothes you see on the catwalk don’t always reflect what normal people
wear … so I suppose it will be things like what singers are wearing in videos or
models are wearing in magazines … that kind of thing
…
Examiner: Is it possible to look good without spending lots of money on
clothes?
Corinna: I’m sure it is … yes … I suppose it’s about having an eye for what
looks good … knowing how to mix and match different items of clothing that
go well together … I think you can pick up great bargains in charity shops …
sometimes for youngsters even hand-me-downs can look good
…
Definitions
● to be on trend: to be very fashionable
● casual clothes: not formal
● classic style: a simple, traditional style that is always fashionable
● designer label: a well-known company that makes (often expensive) clothing
● dressed to kill: wearing clothes that attract admirers
● to dress for the occasion: to wear clothes suitable for a particular event
● fashionable: in fashion
● fashion house: a company that sells (usually expensive) new styles in clothes
● fashion icon: a person who is famous for their sense of fashion
● fashion show: an event where modals show off the latest in fashion designs
● to get dressed up: to put on nice clothes, often to go out somewhere special
● to go out of fashion: to not be in fashion any more
● hand-me-downs: clothes that are passed down from older brothers or sisters to their
younger siblings
 ● to have a sense of style: the ability to wear clothes that look stylish
● the height of fashion: very fashionable
● to keep up with the latest fashion: to wear the latest fashions
● to look good in: to wear something that suits you
● to mix and match: to wear different styles or items of clothing that aren’t part
of a set outfit
● must-have: something that is highly fashionable and therefore in demand
● off the peg: clothing that is ready made
● old fashioned: not in fashion any more
● on the catwalk: the stage that modals walk along to show off the latest fashions
● a slave to fashion: someone who always feel the need to wear the latest fashions
● smart clothes: the kind of clothes worn for a formal event
● to suit someone: to look good on someone
● to take pride in one’s appearance: to pay attention to how one looks
● timeless: something that doesn’t go out of fashion
● vintage clothes: clothes from an earlier period
● well-dressed: to be dressed attractively

Lesson 12: Personality

Part 1-style questions
Examiner: How would you describe yourself?
Paula: Everyone tells me I take after my mum as I’m quite laid-back … I think
I’m good company but you should ask my friends if they agree … Examiner: In
which ways are you similar to your friends?
Manuel: I seem to be attracted to introverts … not people who are painfully shy
but most of my friends are a little reserved … and I think that’s what I’m like …
Examiner: Are you similar or different to your brother(s)/sister(s)?
Mira: I think my brother and I are very similar … I’d say we’re fun-loving and
tend to be a bit extroverted … my brother is certainly the life and soul of the
party … I’m not sure that applies to me …
Part 2-style task
Describe a teacher you once had who you enjoyed being taught by. You should say
 ● when they were your teacher
● which subject they taught you and describe what it was about their
character that you liked.
Carolina: I’d like to describe my English teacher from school … Miss Thomas
… this was a few years ago now and she was my teacher at a time when I was
getting a little bored with being at school … unlike some of the other teachers
Miss Thomas never lost her temper … she was very calm and easy-going … she
was also very broad-minded … we were able to ask her questions about lots of
subjects that some other teachers would refuse to discuss which made us respect
her even more … she had a great sense of humour too … she’d laugh at our
jokes as well as making us laugh
… and she would also bend over backwards to help us with our work … she
always put us first and often stayed around at the end of class to talk with
anyone who needed help … apparently she was highly respected within her
field but you would never know as she was the type that hid her light under a
bushel … she was very modest and self-effacing
… so yes … Miss Thomas was a teacher I have fond memories of …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Which personal qualities do you think we most want to pass on to
our children?
Martin: I certainly would want my children to be self-confident and self-
assured … I really believe that people who feel good about themselves are in a
good position to face what life has to offer them … and I’d hope they wouldn’t
be self-centred … but remembered to think about others …
Examiner: Which characteristics do you think are the least appealing in a
person?
Marianne: Well … people who are very narrow-minded are difficult to get on
with … it’s nice when someone is open to other people’s opinion and willing to
think about their own views … and people who are two-faced can be a little
irritating … relationships are built on trust and without honesty there’s not
much left …
Examiner: Which personality types do you think are less likely to suffer from
stress or anxiety?
Sol: Probably people who are thick-skinned … who don’t let people or
problems affect them too much … and if you are fair-minded you’ ll be less
likely to overreact to situations or be quick-tempered … Definitions
● to be the life and soul of the party: a fun person, someone who is the centre of
activity
● to bend over backwards: to try very hard to help someone
● broad-minded: prepared to accept other views or behaviours
● extrovert: an energetic person who likes the company of others
● fair-minded: to treat people equally
● fun-loving: to enjoy having fun
● to hide one’s light under a bushel: to hide one’s talents and skills
● good company: enjoyable to socialise with
● good sense of humour: the ability to understand what is funny
● introvert: someone who is shy
● laid-back: see ‘easy-going’
● to lose one’s temper: to suddenly become angry
● narrow minded: opposite of ‘broad-minded’ (see above)
● painfully shy: very shy
● to put others first: to think of others before yourself
● quick-tempered: to become angry quickly
● reserved: shy
● self-assured: confident
● self-centred: thinks only of oneself
● self-confident: believes in one’s own ability or knowledge
● self-effacing: to not try to get the attention of others (especially in terms of
hiding one’s skills or abilities)
● to take after: to be like (often another member of the family)
● thick-skinned: not easily affected by criticism
● trustworthy: can be trusted
● two-faced: not honest or sincere. Will say one thing to someone to their face and
another when they are not present.
Lesson 13: Business
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you work or are you a student?
Hati: I run my own business actually … I have an online business selling
cosmetics … I set up the business 5 years ago and I’m really enjoying working
for myself …
Examiner: What is your ideal job?
Kaori: I don’t think I’d enjoy working for a big company … I think I’d like to
go it alone and be self-employed … I’m not sure what area of business it would
be but I think I’d enjoy the process of drawing up a business plan and seeing if I
could be successful …
Examiner: Is your town a nice place to live?
Monique: It’s OK … the main problem we have is our local high street … it
used to be a busy centre but lots of shops have gone bust … it must be very
difficult to make a profit when you have huge supermarkets in the area and a lot
haven’t been able to survive with such cut-throat competition …
Part 2-style task
Describe a business you know that you admire. You should say
● what this business is
● what the business sells
● how long you have known about the business and say why you like it so
much.
Magda: Actually I discovered a business very recently that I like so much I’d
like to do something similar in the future … it’s a small niche business that runs
courses in how to cook … especially bread … the owner uses his kitchen for the
courses and went into business with a local community shop and sells a lot of
the bread and cakes they make in the shop … I first got to hear about the
business last year … my wife paid for me to do one of the baking courses and I
got to know the owner during the training … it’s a lifestyle business really …
he doesn’t have plans to take on employees or expand into new areas … he’s
happy earning a living doing the thing he loves … I really admire what he does
and I’m sure a lot of people would love to do something similar … he has a web
presence … in fact that’s how we got to find out about his company … and he
uses social media to raise the company profile … but he’s the only person
involved in running the business so he’s in complete control of where the
business goes … that’s something that must make it really satisfying … as long
as he’s managing to balance the books and the cash flow is

healthy I’m sure he must be very pleased with what he has achieved …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Why do some people decide to set up their own business?
Marion: I suppose it’s the idea of being in control of your own destiny … or of
believing in a product or service idea you may have … plus it must be very
exciting … launching products … winning contracts … and seeing your sales
figures improving must be wonderful …
Examiner: What are some of the dangers involved in starting a business?
Hiro: Well … obviously you need to have a good idea … some people say you
need to do market research beforehand so you know what the market wants …
if you don’t do this you could go under … and if it is a good idea the chances
are someone else is doing the same thing so you could end up facing stiff
competition …
Examiner: What are some of things you have to do when running your own
business that might not appeal to everyone?
Katy: Personally i don’t like being in debt so taking out a business loan
wouldn’t suit me at all … and I know a lot of companies do cold calling to try
and drum up business … that’s something I’d hate to do … and laying people
off if the business gets into trouble … that would be horrible …
Definitions
● to balance the books: to not spend more money than you are earning
● to be self-employed: to work for yourself/to not work for an employer
● to cold call: to make a sales call to someone without asking them for permission
first
● cut throat competition: when one company lowers its prices, forcing other
companies to do the same, sometimes to a point where business becomes
unprofitable
● to do market research: to do research into what potential customers would
or wouldn’t buy
● to draw up a business plan: to write a plan for a new business
● to drum up business: to try to get customers
● to earn a living: to earn money
● to go bust: when a business is forced to close because it is unsuccessful
● cash flow: the money coming in and going out of a business
● to go into business with: to join another person to start or expand a business
● to go it alone: to start your own business
● to go under: (see ‘to go bust’)
● to have a web presence: to have a website or social media profile that

showcases your business

 ● to launch a product: to start selling and promoting a new product
● to lay someone off: when a company ends an employee’s contract of
employment
● lifestyle business: a business that is set up to bring in a sufficient income and no
more
● to make a profit: to earn more money than it costs to run the business
● niche business: a business that serves a small, particular market
● to raise a company profile: to make more people aware of a business
● to run your own business: to have a business of your own
● sales figures: a report of the income a company generates through sales of products
or services
● to set up a business: to start a business
● stiff competition: strong competition from other companies in the same area of
work
● to take on employees: to employ people
● to take out a loan: to borrow money
● to win a contract: when a business gets legally-binding work with an individual or
company
● to work for yourself: (see ‘to be self-employed’)

Lesson 14: Physical Appearance

Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you look like any other people in your family?
Carlo: No … not at all … take my brother for example … he has short cropped
hair and has quite a pointed face … he’s also quite fair-skinned compared to me
…
Examiner: Tell me about your family.
Andrea: My father’s getting on a bit … he’s in his 60s … but he looks very
young for his age … he still does lots of exercise and is quite well-built …
Examiner: What does your best friend look like?
Mandy: She’s the same age as me … she has shoulder-length hair … fair hair
… she has a slim figure and is medium height …
Part 2-style task
Describe a person whose appearance you like. You should say
● who this person is
 ● what their relationship is to you
● what they look like and say what it is about their appearance you like.
Monique: OK … I’d like to talk about my aunt … her name’s Marta and she’s
quite a character … she’s middle-aged but has a very youthful appearance
… she’s a little overweight I suppose but not too much … she has a friendly
round face framed by thick blonde hair … she has a lovely complexion and
she’s always well-turned out … she actually always looks like she’s going out
for the evening to somewhere special … there’s never a hair out of place … I’ve
always thought she bears a striking resemblance to someone on TV … I can’t
remember the name now … she wears glasses and always seems to have a
different pair on every time I see her … I like the way she looks because she
wears clothes that are right for her age and manages to look glamorous without
it looking like she’s too done up … yes … I’ll be happy if I look like her when
I’m her age …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Is it important to dress well whenever we go out?
Mark: It depends where you’re going … I know some people get done up just to
go to the shops … but I don’t see the point … you shouldn’t go out looking
scruffy with disheveled hair but I really don’t see the point in getting dressed up
to the nines unless you’re going somewhere special …
Examiner: Do people worry too much about their appearance as they get older?
Mira: I’m sure they do … yes … but it happens to all of us doesn’t it … we all
go grey eventually and get hard of hearing … we start to lose our figure …
that’s why plastic surgery is so popular … personally I think we just need to
grow old gracefully and not worry too much about how we look … Examiner:
Is attractiveness a quality worthwhile aiming for?
Phoebe: I’d like to say no … it shouldn’t matter what we look like in terms of
our physical appearance … but unfortunately it seems women especially are
taken more seriously if they are good looking with a slender figure with perfect
make up and so on …
Definitions
● to bear a striking resemblance: to look very similar to
● cropped hair: very short hair
● disheveled hair: untidy hair
● to dress up to the nines: to dress very smartly or glamorously
● fair hair: light-coloured hair
● to be fair-skinned: light skinned
● to get done up: to dress smartly
● to be getting on a bit: to be getting old
● to go grey: to have hair that is turning grey
● to be good looking: to be attractive
● to grow old gracefully: to act in a way that embraces the fact you are getting older
● to be hard of hearing: to find it difficult to hear
● in his/her 30s/40s: to be 20/30 something
● scruffy: dressed untidily
● to look young for your age: to look younger than you are
● to lose one’s figure: to have a figure that has lost its toned shape
● complexion: natural skin colour and texture
● make up: cosmetics
● medium height: average height
● middle-aged: approximately between 45-65
● to never have a hair out of place: perfectly styled hair
● to be overweight: to weigh more than is regarded as healthy
● pointed face: the opposite of a round face
● shoulder-length hair: hair that comes down to the shoulders and no further
● slender figure: a figue that is tall and slim
● slim figure: attractively thin
● thick hair: a lot of hair
● to wear glasses: to use spectacles
● to be well-built: to be muscular
● to be well-turned out: to look smart
● youthful appearance: to look young
Lesson 15: Town and City
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: What is it like where you live?
Christiane: I live in a residential area of a busy town in the south of Spain
… we have all the facilities you need … good public transport … a good
shopping centre … it’s nice …
Examiner: Do you like living in the city?
Andrea: Yes I do … I like going out with my friends and there are lots of lively
bars and restaurants within walking distance of my apartment … I’m a bit of a
culture vulture as well so it’s great to have access to art exhibitions and that
kind of thing …
Examiner: Do you get many tourists visiting your area?
Mandy: Not really no … I live in the inner-city and the area is a little run
down … it’s basically a lot of high-rise flats and many of the shops are
boarded up … so nothing to interest tourists really …
Part 2-style task
Describe an interesting town or city in your country that visitors might enjoy. You should say
● what the place is called
● where the place is
● what the facilities are like and say why visitors might enjoy going there.
Monique: Anyone who comes to my country really should spend some time in
Barcelona … it’s a beautiful place … it’s not what you would call a sprawling
city … it’s quite compact really and you could walk across the city in a couple
of hours … but there’s no need to do that as we have a fantastic public transport
system so it’s easy to get around … there are various districts all with their own
character … you have the upmarket shops in the centre … you’ll find lots of
chain stores you’ll recognise from your own country but also local brands as
well … we have the narrow streets in the Gothic district with lots of fashionable
boutiques and tourist attractions … there’s the Olympic area and the beaches
along the coast … and dotted around the city are some lovely public spaces …
parks and squares in the city centre and on the outskirts of Barcelona where
people relax with their friends and family … and of course pavement cafes
everywhere … all that and some great historical places
of interest … so a great destination for tourists …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What are the advantages of living in a city or big town?
 well-off you can afford to live in the suburbs away from the busy traffic …
Examiner: In your experience are city centres usually attractive places?
Mary: Some can be yes … especially those with a historical interest … but
sometimes they’re full of ugly office blocks … multi-story car parks … and
residents living in poor housing … it depends on the city doesn’t it?
Examiner: What are some of the challenges facing towns and cities?
Penny: I suppose traffic congestion is a major problem … and the growth in
out-of-town supermarkets and retail parks mean lots of town centre shops are closing down
… plus a shortage of good quality housing … I think these are the major challenges …
Definitions
● boarded up shops: shops that are no longer doing business
● chain stores: well-known brands with shops in multiple cities
● to close down: to stop doing business
● fashionable boutiques: fashionable clothes shops
● to get around: to travel around
● high-rise flats: multi-story apartments
● inner-city: the central part of a city where people live and where conditions are
often poor
● in the suburbs: the outer area of large towns and cities where people live
● lively bars/restaurants: bars or restaurants with a good atmosphere
● local facilities: local buildings or services serving the public
● multi-story car parks: car parks on several floors
● office block: a large building that contains offices
● out of town shopping centre/retail park: large shopping centres outside of the town
or city
● pavement cafe: cafes with tables outside on the pavement
● places of interest: buildings that have a particular interest for visitors
● poor housing: housing that is not in good condition
● public spaces: areas in a town or city that are open to the public
● public transport system: public vehicles such as buses and trains that operate at
regular times on fixed routes
● residential area: an area where people live
● run down: old and of a poor standard
● shopping centre: an area consisting of multiple shops
● shopping malls: large indoor shopping centres
● sprawling city: a city that has grown over time and which covers a wide area
● tourist attraction: a place of interest to tourists
● traffic congestion: heavy traffic making it difficult to move around a town or city
● upmarket shops: expensive fashionable shops
Lesson 16: Music
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: What kind of music do you listen to?
Katherine: I’m a big fan of classical music … it doesn’t make me very popular
with my children … their taste in music is completely different … they always
want to listen to their favourite rock bands … Examiner: Do you play any
instruments?
Jamie: No I don’t … I’ve always wished I’d taken up a musical instrument
… I’d love to be able to play the guitar … but I think I’m a bit tone deaf so
perhaps I’d find it hard …
Examiner: Have you got any hobbies or interests?
Marco: I’m really into live music … I go to a lot of music festivals … I think
a live performance always sounds more exciting than a recorded version
… as long as the performers can sing and play well of course …
Part 2-style task
Describe a song you like to listen to. You should say
● what the piece of music is called
● how long you have liked it
● when you like to listen to it and say why you like it so much.
Millie: Well … I’m a little older than most students and when I was young
Abba the Swedish pop group were very famous … I don’t think it was cool to
like them even though they had a huge following but I think now people have
realised what wonderful songs they wrote … one piece of music in particular is
called ‘Slipping through my fingers’ … it wasn’t a massive hit but I love it …
it’s a song for parents and it’s all about how quickly our children grow up …
it’s a slow number and like a lot of their songs it’s a very catchy tune … the two
women in Abba had great voices and it’s the kind of music you can also sing
along to easily … even if you don’t have a great voice … I listen to Abba when
I feel like a sing-song … and I especially like to listen when I’m doing the
housework … it stops me thinking about the hard work …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Is the Internet a good or bad thing for the music industry?
Thomas: On the one hand it’s good for marketing new musical talent or
particular bands but it’s so easy to share and download tracks for free I think it
is costing the industry a lot of money …
Examiner: Should music be treated as seriously as subjects like maths or
sciences at school?
 encouraged to play instruments and to play things by ear perhaps … to keep the
lessons fun …
Examiner: Where do people usually enjoy listening to music?
Sally: In lots of ways or places … as background music when they are doing
something else … at concerts when a band goes on tour … or in clubs or discos
… Definitions
● adoring fans: people who love a particular band or singer
● background music: music that is played while something else is happening
● a catchy tune: a song that is easy to remember and makes you want to sing it
● classical music: music that is regarded as part of a long, formal tradition
● to download tracks: to obtain music from the Internet
● to have a great voice: to sing well
● to go on tour: to go on a planned series of performances around a region or country
● a huge following: a large number of fans
● live music: music that is listened to while it is performed (not recorded)
● live performance: (see live music)
● a massive hit: a record that sells lots of copies
● a music festival: music performances at a venue often over several days
● musical talent: skilled at music
● to be/sing out of tune: to not be in harmony/to sing the wrong notes
● a piece of music: an item of music
● to play by ear: to play without reading the musical notes
● a pop group: a small group of people who play or sing pop music together
● to read music: to understand and follow written musical notes
● a rock band: a group of musicians that play rock music
● to sing along to: to join in singing
● a sing-song: to sing informally, often with other people
● a slow number: a song with a slow tempo
● to take up a musical instrument: to begin learning a musical instrument
● taste in music: the music someone likes
● to be tone deaf: to be unable to distinguish the different notes in music
Lesson 17: Weather
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: What’s the weather like in your country?
Katie: It’s quite changeable really … we have periods of time with clear blue
skies then all of a sudden we’ll have torrential rain.
Examiner: Which months have the best weather in your country?
Ernst: Well … I suppose it’s a matter of personal taste really … I like it around
the end of October and November … I’m not fond of the heatwaves we often
get during the summer … it’s not freezing cold during these months and we still
get lots of sunny spells.
Examiner: Does it bother you much when it rains?
Junko: It depends … if I get caught in the rain and I get drenched I don’t like it
… but I’m a gardener so a drop of rain is good for my plants.
Part 2-style task
Describe a time when you experienced extreme weather conditions. You should say
● when this was
● where you were
● what the weather was like and say how you felt about the experience.
I was studying English in a language school a few years ago … we were in
Cornwall in the UK … we’d been enjoying lovely sunny days … not a cloud in
the sky … when all of a sudden there was a change in the weather … we were
in town walking around the shops when it started to pour down … I’d never
seen such heavy rain before … within about 10 minutes the roads were full of
water … I think they call it a flash flood … it was like being in the middle of a
tropical storm … the water was almost up to my knees … the weather forecast
hadn’t predicted it so everyone was taken by surprise
… I’m not sure you could call it ‘extreme’ weather as a few hours later it started
to clear up … the sun came out and slowly the water level went down … but a
lot of people’s houses were flooded so it would have been extreme for them … I
found it all quite exciting … in my country we generally have a very mild
climate and don’t often get floods like this so it was quite an experience for me.
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Do you think the weather affects how people feel?
Tierre: Absolutely … yes … I don’t mind the occasional cold spell but I think
the winter months can make you feel down. I hate having to leave the
 little depressed … though having said that … it’s always nice to see the
town covered in a blanket of snow.
Examiner: Do you think the weather is changing due to global warming?
Ceri: I don’t know if it’s due to global warming or not but the weather in my
country is certainly changing … we’ve been getting quite mild winters lately
… the temperatures are sometimes below freezing but only occasionally
… and then during the summer it can get boiling hot with a lot of older people
even suffering from heatstroke.
Examiner: In which ways are weather forecasts useful?
Sinita: Well … if you’re planning a trip or going on holiday it’s important to
know whether you’ll need to dress up warm or take an umbrella … farmers need to know
what the long-range forecast is so they can plan their work … I suppose people who
organise outside events need to know as well in case things get rained off. Definitions
● to be below freezing: below zero degrees Celsius
● bitterly cold: very cold and unpleasant
● a blanket of snow: a complete covering of snow
● boiling hot: very hot (informal)
● changeable: weather that often changes
● a change in the weather: when weather conditions change
● clear blue skies: a sky without clouds
● to clear up: when clouds or rain disappear
● to come out (the sun): when the sun appears out of a cloudy sky
● a cold spell: a short period of cold weather
● to dress up warm: to wear warm clothes to protect yourself against wintry
conditions
● a drop of rain: a little bit of rain
● a flash flood: a sudden and severe flood
● freezing cold: very cold (informal)
● to get caught in the rain: to be outside when it rains unexpectedly
● to get drenched: to get very wet
● heatstroke: a serious condition caused by being too long in hot weather
● a heatwave: a period of very hot weather
● heavy rain: intense rainfall
● long-range forecast: the weather forecast for several days or weeks ahead
● mild climate: a climate without extreme weather conditions
● mild winter: a winter that isn’t particularly cold
● not a cloud in the sky: see ‘clear blue skies’ above
● to pour down: to rain heavily
● to be rained off: to be cancelled or postponed due to poor weather
● sunny spells: short periods of sunny weather
● thick fog: a dense fog that makes visibility very poor
● torrential rain: see ‘heavy rain’ above
● tropical storm: a storm typical of ones that you find in tropical climates
● weather forecast: a TV/radio programme or section in a
newspaper/magazine which predicts weather conditions
Lesson 18: Shopping
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you often go shopping for personal items?
Maxine: When I can afford it yes … my college is in the city centre and I do a
lot of window shopping … but being a student I’m on a tight budget so I have to
be careful with money …
Examiner: Are there many shops where you live?
Jenny: We’ve got a few local shops nearby and a few independent stores but
none of the big high street names … I have to go into town for them …
Examiner: Do you enjoy shopping?
Marco: It depends … I hate it when the sales are on … crowds of people all
trying to snap up a bargain … I find it all a bit stressful … I also get annoyed
when shop assistants try to give me the hard sell when all I want to do is look
around …
Part 2-style task
Describe a time when you bought something for someone. You should say
● when this was
● what is was you bought
● who you bought it for and say how you felt about buying it for them.
Coleen: I’d like to tell you about the time … about four years ago … my
husband and I bought a computer for our daughter … she was about to go to
university and we’d promised her we would treat her to one … at the time there
had been a big advertising campaign for the latest Apple Macbook and our
daughter was very keen to have one … she kept telling us they were value for
money … even though they seemed very expensive to us … anyway we tried to
shop around to see if we could pick up a bargain … this was in the middle of the
summer sales and wherever you went prices were being slashed on big brand
names … but unfortunately not Apple products … we ended up having to pay
the full price … I remember my daughter justifying the cost by pointing out how
nice the Apple carrier bag was … but it was lovely to see her so excited and the
customer service she’s received during the four years she’s had it has been
excellent … so it was value for money after all …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Do you think we will stop using paper money in the future?
Louisa: I think it’s almost certain … at the moment it’s still possible to pay in
cash but I’m sure this will change … the problem is people are more likely to
get into debt and run up a credit card bill when this happens.
 Examiner: How do companies encourage the consumer to spend their money?
Peter: Well … a recent development in my country is something called ‘Black
Friday’ where people are encouraged to shop until they drop and buy the latest
must-have products … then there are things like loyalty cards to get the
customer back in the store …
Examiner: What do you think shops need to do to create a positive shopping
experience?
Tania: The main thing for me is not being pressurised to buy … I appreciate that
shop assistants are probably on commission but if I’m looking for clothes for example I
like to take my time … to try something on … and to ask for help if I need it …
Definitions
● advertising campaign: a series of advertisements to persuade people to buy
something
● big brand names: large well-known companies or product names
● to be careful with money: to not over-spend
● carrier bag: bags (usually plastic) supplied by shops
● customer service: the degree to which customers are treated well
● to get into debt: to owe money
● to give someone the hard sell: to put pressure on someone to buy something
● high street names: well-known shops
● independent stores: small shops independent of large companies
● local shops: community shops
● loyalty card: a card issued by a shop to allow customers to save money on the
basis of what they spend
● must-have product: a product that is very popular that a lot of people want to have
● to be on a tight budget: to have a limited amount of money to spend
● to be on commission: to pay someone in relation to the amount they sell
● a pay in cash: to pay for something using coins or paper money
● to pay the full price: to pay the full amount for something
● to pick up a bargain: to buy something much cheaper than the normal price
● to run up a credit card bill: to owe money on a credit card
● to shop around: to try different shops to find the best deal
● shop assistant: the person who serves customers
● to shop until you drop: to do a lot of shopping
● to slash prices: to reduce prices a great deal
● to snap up a bargain: to buy something quickly that is being sold cheaply
● summer sales: a period in the year when things are sold cheaply
● to try something on: to see if an item of clothing fits or is suitable
● to be value for money: to be worth the cost
● window shopping: to visit a store to look at items without the intention of buying
anything
Lesson 19: Environment
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Are there any environmental problems in your country?
Kelly: Yes … we have a serious issue with pollution levels in some of our big
cities … exhaust fumes from cars and lorries are definitely one reason for the
problem but we also have a lot of heavy industry in some
areas and this also results in poor air quality … Examiner:
Do you take an interest in nature?
Jenny: Well … I’m a city person through and through and don’t get back to
nature very often I’m afraid … but like everyone else I’m fascinated by the
natural world and I like watching documentaries showing wild animals in their
natural habitat …
Examiner: Do you or your family take steps to help the environment?
Mira: My parents have always tried to make us aware of our impact on the
environment … they’re really into energy conservation … and always try to buy
environmentally friendly products if they have the chance …
Part 2-style task
Describe an environmental problem that has been in the news. You should say
● when this was
● where the event happened
● what actually took place and say how you felt about this problem.
Martin: Well … this is an interesting question … there are so many issues I
could think of … natural disasters like earthquakes and floods seem to be in the
news almost every year … but there was one story recently about some animals
that were under threat … it wasn’t focused on one place in particular … it was
looking at various animals that could actually become extinct in different
African countries … if we don’t take steps to protect them … these were really
iconic animals like gorillas … leopards … rhinos
… and apparently they’re now listed as endangered species … what made it
really depressing was they were in danger thanks to us … in some cases it was
due to a loss of habitat either because people need more agricultural production
… or even worse I think … because of hunting and poaching … I hate to think
of future generations being robbed of the chance to see creatures like these in
their natural environment … it’s lucky we have lots of organisations that focus
on wildlife conservation … hopefully with their help we can put pressure on
those in power to do something to stop creatures like these dying out …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What do you think is the main danger the world faces in terms of the
environment?
Spencer: Well … climate change is a real issue … in my country we have flash
floods and heatwaves on a yearly basis … so yes … I think global warming is
the biggest issue.
Examiner: What examples are there of how we damage the natural world?
Stella: There are so many examples … there are factories that empty toxic waste
into rivers and oceans … oil spills that damage the coastline … the way we
destroy vast areas of land and rain forests in search of
fossil fuels or to increase agricultural production …
Examiner: In which ways do we respond well to environmental problems?
Mathius: Well … on the one hand there are various worldwide agencies that
are always the first on the scene with humanitarian aid after natural and man-
made disasters … and on the other
hand we have environmental pressure groups that are
constantly raising awareness of issues and trying to stop disasters
happening …
Definitions
● air quality: the cleanliness of the air we breathe
● to become extinct: to no longer exist
● to be under threat: to be in danger of becoming extinct
● climate change: the change in worldwide weather patterns
● to die out: see ‘to become extinct’
● endangered species: categories of animals or plants that are in danger of becoming
extinct
● energy conservation: the careful management of energy resources to ensure they
last as long as possible
● environmentally friendly: behaviour and products that do not harm the environment
● exhaust fumes: the toxic gases given off by vehicles powered by petrol
● flash floods: floods that happen quickly
● fossil fuels: energy resources like gas and oil that are produced deep below the
ground over millions of years
● future generations: the people who live after us
● to get back to nature: to live a life that is closer to nature
● heavy industry: the manufacture of heavy articles and materials in large numbers
● humanitarian aid: the act of showing support to people struggling to survive
● impact on: the effect on
● loss of habitat: the decline in areas of land where animals and plants would
normally exist
● man-made disaster: widespread damage or loss of life brought about by the action
of humans
● natural disaster: an event such as an earthquake, flood or hurricane which causes
widespread damage or loss of life
● natural environment: the place where animals and plants would normally be found
in nature
● the natural world: the world of nature
● oil spill: waste usually deposited in the seas and oceans after an accident at sea
● poaching: to hunt and kill wild animals illegally
● pollution levels: the amount of toxic waste
● pressure group: a group of people who try to raise awareness of issues and try to
affect the views and actions of people and organisations
● toxic waste: poisonous, unwanted rubbish often produced by industrial processes
● wildlife conservation: to protect animals and plants and their habitats
Lesson 20: Advertising
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Are there any TV channels in your country that don’t have
adverts?
Loraine: No … they’re all commercial channels and show adverts all day long
… too many really … and there’s also a lot of product placement going on …
especially in soap operas where they place an item just behind the actors.
Examiner: Do you enjoy watching adverts on TV?
Karin: No … not really … I hate commercial breaks during a film … it really
spoils the flow … and during prime time viewing they seem to squeeze even
more ads in than usual … celebrity endorsements also get on my nerves …
everyone knows they’re only doing it because they’re getting paid.
Examiner: What are the best ways for ordinary people to advertise something
they want to sell in your country?
Marianne: The simplest way is to place an advert in something like the
classified ads section of a local paper … or there’s the Internet of course
… there are lots of sites like eBay where you can buy and sell things online.
Part 2-style task
Describe an advert you once saw that was very effective. You should say
● where this advert appeared
● when you saw it
● what it was advertising and say why you thought it was so effective.
Max: OK … well this was about 4 years ago … I was looking for some software
to create videos … one day I got an email from a mailing list I’d signed up to …
there was a link in it to a press release … a company had written something
about a new product that was similar to what I was looking for … at the end of
the press release there was a link to the sales page … I hadn’t heard of the
company but I was interested and clicked the link to the ad …. what caught my
attention immediately were the number of testimonials from people who had
bought the software … I think testimonials are like the online equivalent of
word of mouth advertising and are really persuasive … anyway … when I got to
the bottom of the page there was a great big call to action button inviting me to
buy … I was totally persuaded and ended up making a purchase … what made
it so effective I think was the power of those testimonials … they’d been written
by people very much like me … they’d had a need and the software had
obviously turned out to be just what they were looking for … when you think
that this was a newish company they wouldn’t have had any brand awareness at
all … they probably wouldn’t have had much of a budget for

advertising … obviously you wouldn’t advertise a product like this through

 the mass media on TV … they probably didn’t even have an advertising agency
to support them …and yet they’d managed to create a great deal of brand
loyalty from previous customers … I think that was really effective.
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What is it that makes an advert effective?
Spencer: Well … when a company launches a product they have to consider the
Internet … especially how it can be used to spread the word on social media …
so in this context a video that goes viral is probably the most effective type of
advert you could make.
Examiner: What are the advantages to companies of advertising on the
Internet rather than TV?
Stelios: I’d imagine the main advantage is you can reach your target audience
much more effectively … if you bring out a niche product for example … or
you have a tight advertising budget … you can advertise on particular sites that
the people you want to reach visit … that’s not something you can do on TV.
Examiner: What things do advertising companies do that might give it a bad
name?
Raol: For me the most irritating is cold calling … we must get two or three of
these every day at work … then there’s junk mail that gets posted through the letterbox …
and of course the online equivalent of this … spam emails … I think it’s this kind of
advertising that tends to annoy people. Definitions
● advertising agency: a company that creates adverts for other companies
● advertising budget: the amount of money a company decides to spend on advertising
● brand awareness: how well people know a particular brand
● brand loyalty: the degree to which people continue to buy from the same brand or company
● buy and sell: often used to refer to the buying and selling of items between individuals
● call to action: something that encourages someone to take a particular action, such as making
a purchase or clicking a link on a website
● celebrity endorsement: to have a well-known person promote a product
● classified ads: small advertisements often put in a newspaper or magazine by individuals
● to cold call: to call someone with the aim of selling something without them asking you to do
so
● commercial break: the short period during TV programmes when advertisements are shown
● commercial channel: TV channels that make money from showing advertisements

● to go viral: to quickly become extremely popular on the Internet through social media
● junk mail: unwanted promotional leaflets and letters
● to launch a product: to introduce a new product

● mailing list: a list of names and contact details used by a company to send information and
advertisements
● mass media: large media outlets like TV, newspapers and magazines
● niche product: a product that is aimed at a distinct group of people
● to place an advert: to put an advert somewhere
● press release: something written by a company for newspapers and magazines and websites
to share and publish
● prime time: the time during the viewing schedule when most people watch TV or listen to a
broadcast
● product placement: to advertise a product by using it as a prop in a TV show or film
● sales page: a page specifically used to promote a product or service
● to show adverts: to display adverts on TV
● social media: websites that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social
networking.
● spam email: unwanted, promotional email
● target audience: the people a company want to sell their product or service to
● word of mouth: recommendations made by individuals to other individuals about a product of
service