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ASIMENT1&2

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13 views4 pages

ASIMENT1&2

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topjking64
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ARDHI UNIVERSITY:

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE:

BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL SERVICE


ENGINEERING:

COURSE NAME: ENGINEERING MECHANICS, CODE 117

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 1 AND 2:

NAME:

FRANCIS ERASMO MSONGOLE

REGSTRATION NUMBER:

30702/T.2023

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QN? Briefly describe the historical background of mechanics.in your explanation capture three
concepts of classical relativistic and quantum mechanics with their respective pioneers
ANSWER:
Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of physical bodies when
subjected to forces on bodies that are at rest or motion and interactions of these bodies. The
following are those historical background based on its branch

1.Classical Mechanics: Pioneer of classical mechanics is Isaac Newton. Where classical


mechanics describes the motion of bodies based on his three laws of motion and the law of
universal gravitation. which are Newton's first law, Newton's second law, and Newton's third
law. (Jain. R. K)

2. Relativistic Mechanics: Pioneer of this ideal is Albert Einstein where this Concepts
developed in the early 20th century by Albert Einstein himself, relativistic mechanics is based on
his theory of special relativity (Meriam, J. I. (2012). Where his ideals are

 Special relativity proposes that the laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform
motion relative to each other.
 It introduces the concept of spacetime, where space and time are intertwined and affected by
the presence of mass and energy.
 The famous equation E = mc² relates energy (E) and mass (m), showing that mass can be
converted into energy and vice versa.

3.Quantum Mechanics: Pioneers are Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Werner
Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and others. These ideals developed in the early to mid-20th
century, quantum mechanics describes the behavior of subatomic particles and the interactions of
matter and energy on the smallest scales (Meriam, J. I. (2012). Where some ideals are

 Quantum mechanics introduces the concept of quantized energy levels, where particles can
only exist in discrete energy states.
 It incorporates the wave-particle duality, which suggests that particles exhibit both wave-like
and particle-like properties.

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 The uncertainty principle, formulated by Heisenberg, states that the more precisely the
position of a particle is known, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice
versa.

QN2? Briefly describe Newtons laws of motion (Including the law of Gravitation) and describe
how they are linked to engineering mechanics
1. First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia): This law states that an object at rest will remain at
rest, and an object in motion will continue to move at a constant velocity in a straight line unless
acted upon by an external force. In engineering, this law is crucial for understanding the behavior
of structures and machines under various conditions. For example, when designing a bridge,
engineers must consider the forces acting on it and ensure that it remains stable under different
loads. (Hibbeler, 2012)

2. Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration): This law states that the acceleration of an
object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
This is expressed by the equation F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass, and a is the
acceleration. Engineers use this law to calculate the forces acting on different components of a
system and ensure that they are within acceptable limits. For example, when designing a car,
engineers must consider the forces acting on the vehicle during acceleration, braking, and turning
to ensure its safety and performance. (Hibbeler ,2012)

3. Third Law of Motion (Action-Reaction): This law states that for every action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction. In engineering, this law is important for understanding how forces
are transferred between different parts of a system. For example, when designing a rocket,
engineers must consider the action of the engines expelling gas downward, which creates a
reaction force that propels the rocket upward. (Hibbeler, 2012)

4. Law of Universal Gravitation: This law states that every particle in the universe attracts
every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. In engineering, this law is
essential for understanding the gravitational forces acting on objects and structures. For example,
when designing a satellite orbiting Earth, engineers must consider the gravitational forces
between the satellite and Earth to calculate its orbital path. (Hibbeler, 2012)

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REFERENCES:

1.Meriam, j. l. & Kraigre, L. G. (2012). Engineering mechanics: Statistics (7 th ed). Wiley

2.Hibber, R. C. (2012). Engineering mechanics: Dynamics (12 th ed.). Pearson

3.Jain. R. K. Engineering & Technology: Relativistic Mechanics.

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