HEALTH AND SOCIETY

2ND PARTIAL LAB

Name:_______________________________________________ I.D. ________________

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1) Identify the parts of the digestive system in the following drawing.

a) Salivary Glands
b) Mouth
c) Pancreas
d) Liver
e) Esophagus
f) Pharynx
g) Small intestine
h) Large intestine
i) Stomach
j) Rectum

2) Process that generates a series of symmetrical contractions and relaxations along the digestive
tract or tube is called:___________________

3) Which is the organ that is mainly responsible for absorbing nutrients in the digestion process?
____________________________

4) Identify the organ in which the digestion of each nutrient is started:

a) Lipids: _________________
b) Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides): ________________
c) Proteins: ________________

5) Identify the organ in which the food is processed and the enzyme or juice responsible for each
stage.
Name Organ Formula

Bolus

Chyme

Chyle

Feces
 6) Match the following concepts to the sentences:
Digestion Digestive System Digestive Tract Accessory organs

________________ It is composed of the main organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large
intestine.
________________ Takes place within a tube called the digestive tract that begins with the mouth and ends with
the anus, including accessory organs.
________________ These organs help the process of digestion: liver, gallbladder, pancreas and salivary glands.

________________ The functions include to ingest food, digest it to nutrients that can cross plasma membranes,
absorb nutrients, and eliminate indigestible remains.

7) Match the organ with the characteristics and functions:

Mouth Pharynx Small Intestine Pancreas Gallbladder

Esophagus Stomach Large Intestine Liver Salivary glands

_________________ Includes the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anal canal.

_________________ Receives the food.

_________________ Named for its small diameter versus the large one but it is longer than the other. Small is
6 m in length and the large is 1.5 m.

________________Stores the excess of bile.

_________________ The gastric glands produce gastric juice that contains an enzyme called pepsin and HCl.

________________ Pancreatic juice contains sodium bicarbonate, pancreatic amylase (starch), trypsin
(protein), and lipase (fat).

_________________ It is a muscular tube that passes from the pharynx through the thoracic cavity and
diaphragm into the abdominal cavity, where it joins the stomach.

_________________ The wall churns to mix the food and gastric juice.

________________Stores indigestible material until it is eliminated.

_________________ Pepsin digests protein. HCl kills most bacteria and breaks down the connective tissue of
meat and activates pepsin.

_________________ The Tongue mixes the chewed food with saliva and forms a mass called Bolus before
swallowing.

_________________ A duct brings bile and pancreatic juice into this organ.

_________________ It is a thick-walled, J-shaped organ. It is found in the left side of the body beneath the
diaphragm.

________________ Absorbs water, salts and some vitamins.

_________________ Bile emulsifies fat inside this organ.

________________ They send saliva by ducts to the mouth to begin the digestion of starch.
_________________ The first 25 cm of this organ is called duodenum.

________________ It has three pairs of Salivary glands that send juices (saliva) by ducts.

________________ With the teeth, we chew food into pieces to swallow them.

_________________ The enzymes in pancreatic juice and the one produced by the wall of this organ complete
the process of digestion.

8) Describe the characteristics of the main diseases of the digestive system:

DISEASES CHARACTERISTICS (include what happens and signs and symptoms)

Gastroesophage
al reflux

Gallbladder
stones

IBS

Parasites

Gastritis

Celiac disease

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Answer the following:

1) Write the definition of the following concepts:

a) Inhalation:
____________________________________________________________

b) Exhalation:
____________________________________________________________

c) Pneumonia:
____________________________________________________________

d) Larynx:
____________________________________________________________
 e) Pharynx:
____________________________________________________________

f) Lungs:
_____________________________________________________________

g) Alveoli:
_____________________________________________________________

h) Bronchi:
_____________________________________________________________

i) Emphysema:
_____________________________________________________________

j) EPOC:
_____________________________________________________________

k) Diaphragms:
_____________________________________________________________

2) What are the Cilia filters?

___________________________________________________________________

3) State the general functions of the respiratory system:

1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________

4) State the upper and lower organs of the respiratory system:

a) Upper respiratory system:
i) _________________________
ii) _________________________
iii) _________________________

b) Lower respiratory system:

i) _________________________
ii) _________________________
iii) _________________________
 5) Use the list of terms provided to label the accompanying figure showing the structures of the
respiratory system:

A _____________________ B _____________________ C_____________________

D _____________________ E _____________________ F _____________________
G _____________________ H _____________________ I _____________________
J ______________________ K _____________________ L _____________________

6) Which blood part is in charge of transporting the oxygen throughout our whole body?
_____________________________________

7) It is a chronic lung condition. It occurs in the tissue of the lungs due to dilation of the alveoli or
the destruction of their walls ___________________.

8) What is hematosis?:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

9) Describe the characteristics of the main diseases of the respiratory system:

DISEASES CHARACTERISTICS

Sinusitis

Emphysema

Lung cancer

EPOC

Asthma

Bronchitis
 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1) Underline all the functions of the Cardiovascular System:

a) Regulates body temperature
b) It carries waste substances
c) Distribution of hormones and enzymes
d) Protection of our body against antigens
e) Distribution of nutrients
f) It distributes gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
g) Cleans blood
h) Liquid absorption
i) Makes hematosis
j) Detoxify the organism
k) Defense against infections
l) They help clot formation when blood vessels are broken or injured
m) Elimination of wastes
n) Pump blood to the lungs and to the rest of the body
o) Transport substances to the liver to be metabolized by it or by cellular secretions

2) Label the following drawing of the heart using the word bank:

1. Right atrium
2. Left atrium
3. Right Ventricle
4. Left Ventricle
5. Tricuspid Valve
6. Mitral Valve
7. Aortic Valve
8. Pulmonary Valve
9. Aorta
10. Superior Vena Cava
11. Inferior Vena Cava
12. Pulmonary Vein
13. Pulmonary Arteries
14. Septum
3) Define the functions of each of the following elements in the blood:

Elements Functions

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Hemoglobin

4) Match the definition with the type of circulation:

a) Part of the blood circulation that carries oxygenated blood from
___ major circulation the left ventricle, through arteries and to the capillaries of the body's
(systemic) tissues; after that deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium of
the heart, through the veins.

___ minor circulation b) Part of the bloodstream that carries oxygenated blood from the
(pulmonar) right ventricle to the lungs, and returns the oxygenated blood to the
left atrium of the heart.

5) Relate the disease with the characteristics of each one.

Diseases Characteristics

___ Leukemia a) It is when blood has a reduced number of red

___ Anemia blood cells.
___ Hypertension
___ Stroke b) It is the interruption of blood flow to an area of the
___ Atherosclerosis heart can cause the death of heart cells within a
___ Heart attack few minutes.

c) It is a condition where the interior of the arteries

narrows due to the accumulation of fatty plaque.
Blood flow to some tissues may slow or stop.

d) A condition in which blood pressure towards the

walls of the artery is too high.

e) It is a blood disease in which the bone marrow

produces abnormal white blood cells.

f) Disease that causes a blockage in blood flow of

the brain
 6) Define the functions of each of the following components of the cardiovascular system:
Components Functions

Capillaries

Veins

Arteries

URINARY SYSTEM

1) Underline all the functions of the Urinary or Excretory System:

a) Eliminates organic substances from waste
b) Distributes nutrients throughout the body
c) Maintains fluid balance in the body
d) Perform gas exchange
e) Eliminate excess of salts
f) Regulates blood pH
g) It transforms complex food molecules into simpler molecules (nutrients)

2) Describe the characteristics and functions of the main organs of the Urinary System:

Organ Characteristics / Functions

Kidneys

Ureters

Bladder

Urethra
3) Number the terms provided according to the figure showing the structures of the urinary
system.

___ Ureter
___ Bladder
___ Renal Artery
___ Aorta
___ Kidney
___ Renal Vein
___ Inferior Vena Cava
___ Urethra

4) Relate the description of the disease with the name.

Description Disease

1) A disease characterized by the accumulation of minerals ___ Cystitis

and acid salts that lodge in the kidney or ureters.
___ Nephroptosis
2) Inflammation and infection of the bladder that mainly affects
the female sex due to the size of the urethra. ___ Renal insufficiency

___ Kidney stones (Lithiasis)

3) Disease characterized by damage to one or both kidneys,
losing their ability to eliminate waste and balance fluids in
the body.

4) It is an abnormality in the position of the kidney in which it

descends to the pelvis when the patient stands up. It is also
known as a floating kidney.

5) Mention the function of the nephron:

___________________________________________________________________

6) Mention the functions of the kidneys:

a) _____________________________________________________________
b) _____________________________________________________________
c) _____________________________________________________________
d) _____________________________________________________________
e) _____________________________________________________________
7) Identify the order of the steps in the production of the urine.

Step 1. Glomerular filtration. ___ The forming urine moves into the distal tubules
and the usable substances are re-absorbed into
Step 2. Reabsorption in the tubules. nearby capillaries. Active transport results in sodium
reabsorption. The presence of antidiuretic hormone
Step 3. Tubular discharge. causes reabsorption of water.
___ As urine moves through the tubules, ammonia
and hydrogen are secreted.
___ As the blood flows to the glomerulus, it is
filtered. Active transport of the proximal tubules
leads to the reabsorption of sodium and glucose into
the nearby circulation. The re-absorption of water
occurs by osmosis.