BS Mathematics Scheme

of Studies

Department of Mathematics & Statistics

Bacha Khan University, Charsadda

1|Page
 BS SCHEME OF STUDIES

Eligibility Criteria
BS Mathematics: F.Sc. (Pre-Engineering)/FCS/FA (Statistics, Maths, Economics) or
equivalent at least 2nd Division (45% Marks)
Semester-wise break up
First Year
Semester-I
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-311 Calculus I 3(3+0)
2 MATH-312 Elements of Set Theory and Mathematical Logic 3(3+0)
3 ELL-311 English I: Functional English 3(3+0)
4 PS-321 Pakistan Studies 3(3+0)
5 CS-311 QR-1 (Introduction to ICT) 3(3+0)
6 Natural Science-I 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 18(18+0)
Semester-II
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-321 Calculus II 3(3+0)
2 MATH-322 Linear Algebra 3(3+0)
3 ELL-321 English II: Composition Writing 3(3+0)
4 IS-312 Islamic Studies 3(3+0)
5 Arts and Humanities-I (Languages) 3(3+0)
6 SS-1 (Citizenship Education and Community 3(3+0)
SOC -313
Engagement)
Total Cr. Hrs 18(18+0)
Second Year
Semester-III
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-411 Calculus III 3(3+0)
2 MATH-412 Algebra-I (Group Theory-I) 3(3+0)
3 MATH-413 Software Packages (Matlab/Maple/Mathematica) 3(1+2)
4 ELL-411 English III: Academic Reading and Writing 3(3+0)
5 Natural Science-II 3(3+0)
6 PHIL-412 QR-II 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 18(16+2)
Semester-IV
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-421 Number Theory 3(3+0)
2 MATH-422 Ordinary Differential Equations 3(3+0)
3 MATH-423 DiscreteMathematics 3(3+0)
4 Arts and Humanities-II 3(3+0)
5 Social Sciences – II 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 15(15+0)

2|Page
 Third Year
Semester-V
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-511 Set Topology 3(3+0)
2 MATH-512 Differential Geometry 3(3+0)
3 MATH-513 Real Analysis- I 3(3+0)
4 MATH-514 Algebra-II (Rings and Fields) 3(3+0)
5 MATH-515 Functional Analysis-I 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 15(15+0)
Semester-VI
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-521 Classical Mechanics 3(3+0)
2 MATH-522 Partial Differential Equations 3(3+0)
3 MATH-523 Functional Analysis-II 3(3+0)
4 MATH-524 Complex Analysis 3(3+0)
5 MATH-525 Real Analysis-II 3(3+0)
6 MATH-526 Numerical Method 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 18(18+0)
Fourth Year
Semester-VII
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-611 Numerical Analysis 3(3+0)
2 MATH-612 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 3(3+0)
3 MATH-613 Mathematical Methods 3(3+0)
4 MATH- E-1 3(3+0)
5 MATH- E-2 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 15(15+0)
Semester-VIII
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-621 Probability Theory 3(3+0)
2 MATH-622 Integral Equations 3(3+0)
3 MATH-623 Project 3(3+0)
4 MATH- E-3 3(3+0)
5 MATH- E-4 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 15(15+0)

General Courses for BS Mathematics

Arts and Humanities

I. Pashto, Urdu, Arabic, Turkish, Chinese or any other language

II. Islamic History and Culture, Philosophy, History, Education, Home Economics or any
other approved course of BKUC

3|Page
Social science II

Political Science, Sociology, Psychology, Economics, Law, or any other approved Basic
course of BKUC

Natural Sciences (any two subjects may be selected from the following disciplines)

Mathematics, Statistics, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics-I, Physics-II, Geography, GIS,

Geology, Electronics, Geophysics, computer, (or any other approved Basic Course of BKUC)

Codes Distribution

The Mathematics codes consist of four alphabets (MATH) followed by three numeric values.
Each numeric value from left to right has it‘s nomenclature as follows:
1. The first numeric value represents academic year after matriculation that is 3
represent third year after matriculation (BS first year) and in similar way 4, 5, 6 and 7
represent fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh year after matriculation, respectively.
2. The middle numeric value represents the semester if they are 1 or 2 of that academic
year. Similarly if this value is 0 then it represent the course of other department and
for values other than 0, 1 and 2, this value represent the course of this department.
3. The last numeric value represents the number of course of that specific semester if
applicable.
Marks Distribution
Mid –term =30%
Tests/assignment/quiz/attendance/presentation =20%
Final examination =50%

4|Page
 Course Contents for BS Mathematics

Semester-I
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-311 Calculus I 3(3+0)
2 MATH-312 Elements of Set Theory and Mathematical Logic 3(3+0)
3 ELL-311 English I: Functional English 3(3+0)
4 PS-321 Pakistan Studies 2(2+0)
5 CS-311 QR-1 3(3+0)
6 Natural Science-I 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 18(18+0)

MATH-311 Calculus-I Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: Calculus serves as the foundation ofadvanced subjects in all areas of
mathematics. This is the first courseof Calculus. The objective of this course is to introduce
students to thefundamental concepts of limit, continuity, differential and integral
calculus of functions of one variable.
Course Outline:
Equations and inequalities: Solving linear and quadratic equations,linear inequalities.
Division of polynomials, synthetic division. Roots ofa polynomial, rational roots; Viete
Relations. Descartes rule of signs.Solutions of equations with absolute value sign. Solution of
linear andnon-linear inequalities with absolute value sign.
Functions and graphs: Domain and range of a function. Examples:polynomial, rational,
piecewise defined functions, absolute valuefunctions, and evaluation of such functions.
Operations with functions:sum, product, quotient and composition. Graphs of functions:
linear,quadratic, piecewise defined functions.
Lines and systems of equations: Equation of a straight line, slopeand intercept of a line,
parallel and perpendicular lines. Systems oflinear equations, solution of system of linear
equations. Nonlinearsystems: at least one quadratic equation.
Limits and continuity: Functions, limit of a function. Graphicalapproach. Properties of
limits. Theorems of limits. Limits ofpolynomials, rational and transcendental functions.
Limits at infinity,infinite limits, one-sided limits. Continuity.
Derivatives: Definition, techniques of differentiation. Derivatives ofpolynomials and
rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometricfunctions. The chain rule. Implicit
differentiation. Rates of change innatural and social sciences. Related rates. Linear
approximations anddifferentials. Higher derivatives, Leibnitz's theorem.
Applications of derivatives: Increasing and decreasing functions.Relative extrema and
optimization. First derivative test for relativeextrema. Convexity and point of inflection. The
second derivative testfor extrema. Curve sketching. Mean value theorems. Indeterminate
forms and L'Hopitals rule. Inverse functions and their derivatives.
Integration: Anti derivatives and integrals. Riemann sums and thedefinite integral.
Properties of Integral. The fundamental theorem ofcalculus. The substitution rule.
Recommended Books:
5|Page
1. Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley PublishingCompany, 2005
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th Edition, John Wiley& Sons, Inc. 2005
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single andMultivariable, 3rd Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4 Frank A. Jr, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum‘s outlinesseries, 4th Edition, 1999
5. C.H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and Analytics Geometry,Prentice Hall, Inc. 1988
6. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus with Analytic Geometry,PWS Publishers, Boston,
Massachusetts, 1983.
7. M. Liebeck, A Concise introduction to pure Mathematics, CRCPress, 2011.
8. A. Kaseberg, Intermediate Algebra, Thomson Brooks/cole, 2004.
9. Calculus by James Stewart

MATH-312 Elements of Set Theory and Mathematical Logic Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: Everything mathematicians do can bereduced to statements about

sets, equality and membership which arebasics of set theory. This course introduces these
basic concepts. Thecourse aims at familiarizing the students with cardinals, relations
andfundamentals of propositional and predicate logics.
Course Outline:
Set theory: Sets, subsets, operations with sets: union, intersection, difference, symmetric
difference, Cartesian product and disjoint union. Functions: graph of a function.
Composition; injections, surjections, bijections, inverse function.
Computing cardinals: Cardinality of Cartesian product, union. Cardinality of all functions
from a set to another set. Cardinality of all injective, surjective and bijective
functions from a set to another set. Infinite sets, finite sets. Countable sets, properties,
examples (Z, Q). R is not countable. R, RxR, RxRxR have the same cardinal. Operations
with cardinal numbers. Cantor-Bernstein theorem.
Relations: Equivalence relations, partitions, quotient set; examples, parallelism, similarity of
triangles. Order relations, min, max, inf, sup; linear order. Examples: N, Z, R, P(A). Well
ordered sets and induction.Inductively ordered sets and Zorn‘s lemma.
Mathematical logic:
Introduction to Logics, Propositional Calculus. Truth tables. Predicate Calculus. Quantifiers
and introduction to proofs.
Recommended Books:
1. M. Liebeck, A Concise Introduction to Pure Mathematics,CRC Press, 2011.
2. N. L. Biggs, Discrete Mathematics, Oxford University Press, 2002.
3. R. Garnier, J. Taylor, Discrete Mathematics, Chapters 1,3,4,5,CRC Press, 2010.
4. A.A. Fraenkal, Abstract Set Theory, North-Holland PublishingCompany, 1966.
5. P. Suppes, Axiomatic Set Theory, Dover Publication, 1972.
6. P.R. Halmos, Naive Set Theory, New York, Van Nostrand, 1950.
7. B. Rotman, G.T. Kneebone, The Theory of sets andTransfinite Numbers, Oldbourne
London, 1968.
8. D. Smith, M. Eggen, R.St. Andre, A Transition toAdvanced Mathematics, Brooks/Cole,
2001.

6|Page
COURSE TITLE: English I: Functional English
LEVEL: BS 1st
COURSE CODE: ELL-311
CREDITS HOURS: 03
COURSE TYPE: Foundational Course

Course Description
The subject aims at enhancing the students' ability in the meaningful use of grammatical
structures. Students will be able to use the targeted grammatical structures meaningfully and
appropriately both in oral and written production.

Course Objectives
1. To enable students to identify the main/topic sentences.
2. To teach them to use effective strategies while reading the text.
3. To acquaint them about the cohesive devices and their function in the text.

Course Contents
• Vocabulary (Frequently confused / misused words, Phrases, synonyms, antonyms,
idioms.
• Practical Use of Grammar (Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs,
Prepositions, Conjunctions, Articles, Interjections, Tenses and narration.
• Transitive and Intransitive verbs
• Punctuations, 14 American English Punctuations.
• Sentences (Types of sentences, Parts of sentences, Direct and Indirect Speech, Active
& Passive Voice & Conditional Sentences)
• Composition + Summarization (Describing, Narrating, Argumentation, Short / long
Composition)
• Comprehension + Precis writing.
• Phrase, Types of Phrase
• Clause, Types of Clause

Recommended Books
• High School English Grammar & Composition by Wren and Martin.
• Practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson & A.V. Martinet. Exercises 1 & 2. 3rd
edition. Oxford University Press.
• Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand& Francoise
Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. 4th Impression 1993.
• Reading. Upper Intermediate. Brian Tomilson & Rod Ellis. Oxford Supplementary
Skills. 3rd Impression 1992.

7|Page
COURSE TITLE: PAKISTAN STUDIES (COMPULSORY)
COURSE CODE: PS-321
CREDIT HOURS: 02
COURSE OBJECTIVES:

Develop vision of historical perspective, government, politics, contemporary Pakistan,

ideological background of Pakistan and to Study the process of governance, national
development, issues arising in the modern age and posing challenges to Pakistan.

Course learning outcomes:

The outcome of this subject is purely the understanding of emergence of Muslims in Sub-
Continents, Pakistan History, Culture. Society politics and its ideological basis. A part from
these considering the national and international politics, this course also thoroughly explains
the status and position of Pakistan and its importance in the global village.
The highlighted points are as given below:
 Advent of Islam in sub-continent
 The rise and fall of Muslims in India
 The emergence of imperial power Britain
 Political emergence of Muslim as nation
 Role of religion in the freedom movement of Pakistan
 Geo strategic importance of Pakistan

COURSE CONTENTS:
Historical Perspective
 Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama
Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
 Factors leading to Muslim separatism
 People and Land
i. Indus Civilization
ii. Muslim advent
iii. Location and geo-physical features.
Government and Politics in Pakistan
 Political and constitutional phases:
 1947-58
 1958-71
 1971-77
 1977-88
 1988-99
 1999 onward
Contemporary Pakistan
 Economic institutions and issues
 Society and social structure
 Ethnicity
 Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges
 Futuristic outlook of Pakistan
COURSE RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

8|Page
 1. Amin, Tahir. (1999). Ethno-National Movement in Pakistan. Islamabad: Institute of
Policy Studies, Islamabad.
2. Burke,S.M and Ziring,Lawrence. (1993). Pakistan‘s Foreign policy: An Historical
analysis. Karachi: Oxford University Press,
3. Mehmood, Safdar. (2001). Pakistan Kayyun Toota. Lahore: Idara-e-Saqafat-e-Islamia.
Club Road Press.
4. Mehmood, Safdar. (1994). Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore.
5. Waseem ,Muhammad. (1987). Pakistan Under Martial Law. Lahore: Vanguard.
6. Zaidi,Akbar. S.( 2000). Issue in Pakistan‘s Economy. Karachi: Oxford University
Press.

QR-I

CS-311 Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies

Credit Hours: 3 (2,1) Prerequisites: None
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
At the end of the course the students will be able to: Domain BT Level*
Understand basics of computing technology (Knowledge) C 1
Have knowledge of types of software (Understand) C 2
Have knowledge of computing related technologies C 2
Have practical knowledge of use of computer and MS office. C 3

* BT= Bloom‘s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive domain, P=Psychomotor domain, A= Affective domain

Course Content:
Introduction: Introduction to ICT, Brief history of Computer, Basic Computer Elements and
computer types (Super, Mainframe, Mini and Micro), Digital and Analogue
Computer
Computer Hardware: (Input Devices, processor, Output Devices)

Storage Devices: (Register, Cache, RAM, ROM, HDD, optical Storage devices (CD, DVD, Blue
rays), Cloud Storage)
Computer Software: System Software (Operating System, Device Drivers and Language processor)
Application software
Computer Network:Types of Computer Network (LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, CAN), Topologies (Bus,
Star, Ring Mesh), Clint, Server, Hub, Switch, Router
Internet and WWW: Basic Structure of Internet, Web page, Website, Web application, Web Browser,
Search engine, email, cyber security
MS Word
MS Power Point
MS Excel
Basics of program relevant tools

Teaching Methodology:
Lectures, Written Assignments, Practical labs, Semester Project, Presentations
Course Assessment:
Sessional Exam, Home Assignments, Quizzes, Project, Presentations, Final Exam
Reference Materials:
1. Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Course Technology, 25 Thomson Place,
Boston, Massachusetts 02210, USA
2. Livesley, Robert Kenneth. An introduction to automatic digital computers. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
3. Zawacki-Richter, Olaf, and Colin Latchem. "Exploring four decades of research in Computers & Education."
Computers & Education 122 (2018): 136-152.
4. Sinha, Pradeep K., and Priti Sinha. Computer fundamentals. BPB publications, 2010.

9|Page
5. Goel, Anita. Computer fundamentals. Pearson Education India, 2010.
6. Introduction-To-Computers-By-Peter-Norton-6E-C.B

Natural Sciences (any two subjects may be selected from the following disciplines)

Mathematics, Statistics, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics-I, Physics-II, Geography, GIS,

Geology, Electronics, Geophysics, computer, (or any other approved Basic Course of BKUC)

Natural Science-I

MATH-313 MATHEMATICS-I Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives:
This is the first course of the basic sequence, Calculus I-III, serving asthe foundation of
advanced subjects in all areas of mathematics. The sequence, equally, emphasizes basic
concepts and skills needed for mathematical manipulation. Calculus I & II focus on the study
of functions of a single variable.
Course Detail:
 Limits and continuity.
 Derivative of a function and its applications.
 Optimization problems.
 Mean value theorem (Taylor‘s theorem and the infinite Taylor series with
applications) & curve sketching; anti-derivative &integral.
 Definite integral and applications.
 The fundamental theorem of Calculus.37
 Inverse functions (Chapters 1-6 of the text)
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Anton H, Calculus: A New Horizon (6th edition), 1999. John Wiley,
New York.
2. Stewart J, Calculus (3rd edition), 1995, Brooks/Cole (suggested text)
3. Thomas G. B, Finney A. R., Calculus (10th edition), 2002.Addison-Wesley, Reading, Ma,
U.S.A.
4. Anton, H., 1999. Calculus: A New Horizon, 6th Edition, John Wiley,
New York.
5. Stewart J, 1995. Calculus, 3rd Edition, Brooks/Cole
6. Thomas, G. B. and Finney, A. R, 2002. Calculus

STATISTICS-I
COURSE CODE: STAT-314 CREDIT HOURS: 03
Theory
Definition and importance of Statistics, Data and different types of data, Observation and
variables, Discrete and Continuous variables, Collection of data: Primary and Secondary data,
Limitation of statistics, Measurement Scale, Presentation of data: Introduction, Classification,
Basic Principles and types of Classification, Tabulation: Main parts of a table and it‘s
10 | P a g e
Construction, Frequencydistribution, Constructing a Grouped frequency Distribution from
raw data, Class boundaries, Class-marks, Relative and Cumulative frequency distribution,
Diagrams, Graphs and their Construction, Bar charts, Pie chart, Histogram, Frequency
polygon and Frequency curve, Exercises. Measure of Central tendency:Introduction, Types of
Averages, (Arithmatic Mean, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean, Median and Mode),
Quantiles in Grouped and Ungrouped data. Measure of Dispersion: Introduction, Rang,
Quartile Deviation, quartile deviation, the Mean (or Average) deviation, Standard deviation
and Variance, Coefficient of variation, Skewness and Kurtosis.Simple Correlation And
Regression, Exercise.
Book Recommended
1. Introduction to Statistical Theory Part- I by Sher Muhammad and Dr. Shahid Kamal
(Latest Edition)
2. Statistical Methods and Data Analysis by Dr. Faquir Muhammad
3. A. Concise Course in A. Level Statistic with world examples by J. Crawshaw and J.
Chambers (1994)
4. Basic Statistics an Inferential Approach 2nd Ed. (1986) Fran II. Dietrich-II and Thomes
J. Keans
5. Morgan, George A. ; Leech, Nancy L.; Gloeckner, Gene W. ; and Barret, Karen C. (2nd
Ed) 2004 SPSS for Introductory Statistics: Use and Interpretations‘ New Jersey:
Kawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
6. Muhammad, F. 2005. ―Statistical Methods and Data Analysis‖, Kitab Markaz, Bhawana
Bazar Faisalabad.

Botany-I
Title of the Course: Diversity of Plants-I
Course Code: BOT-311 Credit Hours: 3 (2+1)
Specific Objectives of course: To introduce the students to the diversity of plants and
their structures and significance.
Course Outline
Comparative study of life form, structure, reproduction and economic significance of:
Viruses (RNA and DNA types) with special reference to TMV.
Bacteria and Cyanobacteria (Nostoc, Anabaena, Oscillatoria) with specific reference to
biofertilizers, pathogenicity and industrial importance.
Algae: (Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Chara, Vaucheria, Pinnularia, Ectocarpus,
Polysiphonia)

11 | P a g e
Fungi: (Mucor, Penicillium, Puccinia, Agaricus), their implication on crop production and
industrial applications.
Lichens: (Physcia)
Lab Outline
 Culturing, maintenance, preservation and staining of microorganisms.
 Study of morphology and reproductive structures of the types mentioned in theory.
 Identification of various types mentioned from prepared slides and fresh collections.
 Field trip to study local plant of different area of Pakistan.
Recommended Books
1. Agrios, G.N. 2004. Plant pathology. 8th ed. Academic press London.
2. Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W. and Blackwell, M. 1996. Introductory Mycology. 4th
ed. John Wiley and Sons Publishers.
3. Hussain, F. 2014. Phycology. A Text book of Algae. Pak Book Empire, Lahore.
4. Lee, R.E. 1999. Phycology. Cambridge University Press, UK
5. Mauseth, J.D. 2003. Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology. 3rd ed., Jones and
Bartlett Pub. UK
6. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Klein, A.D. 2004. Microbiology, 3rd ed. WM. C.
Brown Publishers.
7. Vashishta, B.R. 1991. Botany for Degree Students (all volumes). S. Chand and
Company. Ltd. New Delhi.

Zoology-I
Title of the Course: Animals Diversity (Non Chordates)
Course code: ZOO- 311 Credit Hours: 3 (2+1)
Objectives
Concepts of evolutionary relationship of animal kingdom. Knowledge about animal kingdom,
emphasizing their phylogenetic relationships and simple to complex mode of animal life.
Course Contents
Introduction:
Classification of organisms; five kingdom classification, evolutionary relationships/
evolutionary perspective and tree diagrams; patterns of organization.
Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa
Classification (up to phyla, subphyla and super classes, wherever applicable). Pseudopodia
and amoeboid locomotion; cilia and other pellicular structures; nutrition; genetic control and
reproduction; symbiotic ciliates.
Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization
12 | P a g e
Phylum porifera: cell types, body wall, and skeletons; reproduction. Phylum cnidaria
(coelenterata) the body wall and nematocysts; alternation of generations; maintenance
functions; reproduction and classification up to class. Phylumctenophora; further
phylogenetic considerations.
Triploblastics and Acoelomate Body Plan
Phylum Platyhelminthes: classification up to class; the free-living flatworms and the
tapeworms; phylum Nemertea; phylum gastrotricha; further phylogenetic considerations.
Aschelminths
Classification up to phyla with external features; feeding and the digestive system; other
organ systems; reproduction and development of phylum rotifera and phylum nematoda;
phylum kinorhyncha. Some important nematode parasites of humans.
Annelida
Metamerism and tagmatization; classification up to class. External structure and locomotion,
feeding and the digestive system, gas exchange and circulation, nervous and sensory
functions, excretion, regeneration, reproduction and development, in polychaeta, oligochaeta
and hirudinea.
Arthropods
Classification, metamerism and tagmatization; the exoskeleton; metamorphosis; classification
up to class.
Molluscs. Important characteristics, classification upto class.
Echinoderms Evolutionary perspective: relationships to other animals; echinoderm
characteristics; classification up to class, Ambulacral system, tube feet, larvae
Lab out line
 Study of Euglena, Amoeba, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Paramecium as
representative of animal like protists. (Prepared slides).
 Study of sponges and their various body forms.
 Study of principal representative classes of phylum Coelenterata.
 Study of principal representative classes of phylum Platyhelminthes.
 Study of representative of phylum Rotifera, phylum Nematoda.
 Study of principal representative classes of phylum Mollusca.
 Study of principal representative classes of phylum Annelida.
 Study of principal representative classes of groups of phylum Arthropoda.
 Brief notes on medical/economic importance of the following: Plasmodium,
Entamoeba histolytica, Leishmania, Liverfluke, Tapeworm, Earthworm, Silkworm,
Citrus butterfly.

13 | P a g e
  Collection and preservation techniques, collection of specimens by students.
Books Recommended
1. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S. and Larson, A. Integrated Principles of Zoology,
th
11 Edition (International), 2004. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
th
2. Miller, S.A. and Harley, J.B. Zoology, 5 Edition (International), 2002. Singapore:
McGraw Hill.
th
3. Pechenik, J.A. Biology of invertebrates, 4 Edition (International), 2000. Singapore:
McGraw Hill.
4. Kent, G.C. and Miller, S. Comparative Anatomy of vertebrates. 2001. New York:
McGraw Hill
5. Hickman, C.P. and Kats, H.L. Laboratory Studies in integrated principles of Zoology.
2000. Singapore: McGraw Hill

PHY-313 Physics-I (Credit hours: 03)

Objectives

The main objectives of this course are: to provide students with a thorough understanding of
the basic concepts of physics and the methods scientists use to explore natural phenomena,
including observation, hypothesis development, measurement and data collection,
experimentation, evaluation of evidence, and employment of mathematical analysis. To
instruct students of the fundamental laws of physics and the application of scientific data,
concepts, and models for use in the natural sciences and real world situations. To provide
students with problem solving skills by an approach that describes physical phenomena with
relevant mathematical models and formulae.

Course Contents
Vector: Vector notation, vector addition, vectors in the Cartesian coordinate system, scalar
product (of two vectors) vector product (of two vectors), scalar of triple product, vector triple
product, gradient of a scalar, divergence of a vector, divergence theorem and Stock‘s theorem;
conservation of energy: concept of conservation laws, conservation of energy, worked and
kinetic energy, power, conservation forces, rotational energy, potential energy in an electric and
gravitational field; dynamics of rigid bodies, center of mass, conservation of angular momentum,
equation of motion of rotating body, moment of inertia, perpendicular axes and parallel axis
theorems; calculation of moment of inertia for a disc and solid sphere; Euler‘s theorem,
Gyroscope coriolis forces; Inverse Square Law of forces: Newton laws, forces, Newton law of
Universal Gravitation b/w point mass and solid spheres, Kepler‘s laws, satellite in circular orbit
escape velocity.

Recommended Books

1. Fundamental of Physics by Jearl Walker, Holiday & Resnick, 10th Edition,

Wiley

14 | P a g e
 2. Physics I Practice Problems For Dummies (+ Free Online Practice) by
Consumer Dummies. 2015. ISBN 978-1-188-85327-6.
3. Physics I: Mechanics, Waves, and Heat by Michael Thackston. 10th Editiion. Tavenner
Publishing Company, 2013. ISBN 193743558X, 9781937435585
4. Physics I: For BPUT by Dr. Mani Naidu. Pearson Education India,
2011. ISBN813179878X, 9788131798782.

Semester-II
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-321 Calculus II 3(3+0)
2 MATH-322 Linear Algebra 3(3+0)
3 ELL-321 English II: Composition Writing 3(3+0)
4 IS-312 Islamic Studies 3(3+0)
5 Arts and Humanities-I (Languages) 3(3+0)
6 SS-1 (Citizenship Education and Community 3(3+0)
SOC -313
Engagement)
Total Cr. Hrs 18(18+0)

MATH-321 Calculus II Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Specific Objectives of course: This is second course of Calculus. Ascontinuation of

Calculus I, it focuses on techniques of integration andapplications of integrals. The course
also aims at introducing thestudents to infinite series, parametric curves and polar
coordinates.
Course Outline:
Techniques of integration: Integrals of elementary, hyperbolic,trigonometric, logarithmic
and exponential functions. Integration byparts, substitution and partial fractions. Approximate
integration.Improper integrals. Gamma functions.
Applications of integrals: Area between curves, average value.Volumes. Arc length. Area of
a surface of revolution. Applications toEconomics, Physics, Engineering and Biology.
Infinite series: Sequences and series. Convergence and absoluteconvergence. Tests for
convergence: divergence test, integral test, p-seriestest, comparison test, limit comparison
test, alternating seriestest, ratio test, root test. Power series. Convergence of power series.
Representation of functions as power series. Differentiation andintegration of power series.
Taylor and McLaurin series.Approximations by Taylor polynomials.
Conic section, parameterized curves and polar coordinates:Curves defined by parametric
equations. Calculus with parametriccurves: tangents, areas, arc length. Polar coordinates.
Polar curves,tangents to polar curves. Areas and arc length in polar coordinates.
Recommended Books:
1. Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley PublishingCompany, 2005
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th Edition, John Wiley& Sons, Inc. 2005
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single andMultivariable, 3rd Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. Frank A. Jr, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum‘s outlinesseries, 4th Edition, 1999
5. C.H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and Analytics Geometry,Prentice Hall, Inc. 1988
15 | P a g e
6. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus with Analytic Geometry, PWSPublishers, Boston,
Massachusetts, 1983.
7. M. Liebeck, A Concise introduction to pure Mathematics, CRCPress, 2011.
8. A. Kaseberg, Intermediate Algebra, Thomson Brooks/COLE, 2004.
9. J. Stewart, Calculus early transcendental, 7th Edition,Brooks/COLE, 2008.

MATH-322 LINEAR ALGEBRA Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Algebra of matrices, Row and Column operations, rank, inverse of matrices, Transformation,
Linear transformation, matrix of a linear transformation. group of matrices and Subgroups,
orthogonal transformation, Linear operators. Canonical form of the matrix of a nilpotent
operator. Polynomial algebra and canonical form of the matrix of an arbitrary operator.
Rings, field, finite and infinite fields (definition and examples), Homomorphism of fields,
annihilators, vector spaces, subspaces, Linear combination, Linear dependence and
independence, linear span of a subset of a vector space, bases and dimensions of a vector
space, Null space, nullity, dimension, Relation of rank, dimension and nullity.
Eigen value, eigenvector, eigen value problem with physical Significance , Similar matrices
with eigen values, Inner product spaces. System of differential equations in normal form.
Homogeneous linear systems. Solution by diagonalisation. Non-homogeneous linear systems.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. D.T. Finkbeiner, Introduction to Matrices and Linear Transformations, 3rd. Ed., N.H.
Freeman and company San Francisco, 1978.
2. D. C. Lay, Linear Algebra and Its Applications, Addison-Wesley, 3rdEdition, 2005.
3. A. M. Tropper,Linear Algebra, Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1973.
4. S. Lang, Linear Algebra, Addison-Wesley, 1970.
5. K. R. Hoffman and R. Kunze, Linear Algebra , Prentice Hall, 1971.
6. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Addison-Wesley, 1980.
7. T. S. Blyth, E. F. Robertson, Essential student Algebra, Vol I-V, Chapman & Hall, 1986.
8. Anton H, Linear Algebra with Applications (8th edition), John Wiley, New York
9. Hill RO, Elementary Linear Algebra with Application (3rd edition), 1995,Brooks/Cole
10. Leon SJ, Linear Algebra with Applications (6th edition), 2002, Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA
11. Nicholson WK, Elementary Linear Algebra with Applications (2nd edition),
1994, PWS Publishing Co.

COURSE TITLE: English II: Composition Writing

LEVEL: BS 2nd
COURSE CODE: ELL-321
CREDIT HOURS: 03
COURSE TYPE: Foundational

Course Description:
The course focuses on the basic strategies of composition and writing skills. Good writing
skills not only help students obtain good grades but also optimize their chances to excel in
professional life. The course includes modes of collecting information and arranging it in
appropriate manner such as chronological order, cause and effect, compares and contrast,
general to specific etc. It enables the students to write, edit, rewrite, redraft and proofread

16 | P a g e
their own document for writing effective compositions. Because of the use of a significant
amount of written communication on daily basis, sharp writing skills are always being valued
highly in academic as well as professional spheres.

Course Objectives:
This course aims to:
1. Assist students identify the audience, message, and the purpose of writing
2. Develop rhetorical knowledge and critical thinking
3. Enable them express themselves in a variety of writing styles
4. Help students write well organized academic texts including examination answers with
topic/thesis statement and supporting details.
5. Make students write argumentative essays and course assignments
6. Use different mechanics of writing to produce various types of compositions effectively
keeping in view the purpose and the audience
7. Demonstrate rhetorical knowledge
8. Demonstrate critical thinking in well-organized forms of academic texts

Course Contents:
• Writing Process,
• Invention in writing Process or brainstorming
• Generating Ideas (collecting information in various forms such as mind
maps, tables, lists, charts etc)
• Identifying Audience, Purpose, and Message,
• Ordering Information,
• Chronology for a narrative,
• Stages of a process,
• Deductive vs Inductive approach in writing
• Comparison and contrast,
• Problem solution pattern,
• Drafting,
• Free Writing,
• Revising, Editing, Paraphrasing,
• Cohesion and Coherence, Cohesive Devices,
• Paragraph unity, Summary and Précis Writing,
• Creative Writing, Essay Writing
• Developing a thesis, writing effective introduction and conclusion
• Organizing an essay, different types of essays, use of various rhetorical
modes including exposition, argumentation and analysis

Recommended Books
Critical Reading and Writing: An Introductory Course by Goatly, A. 2000. London:
Taylor & Francis
A Writer‘s Reference by Hacker, D. 1992. 2nd ed. Boston: St. Martin‘s

Study writing: A course in written English for academic and professional purposes. by
Hamp-Lyons, L. & Heasley, B. 1987. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Oxford English for Undergraduates by Howe, D. H, Kirkpatrick, T. A. & Kirkpatrick, D.

L. 2004. Karachi: Oxford University Press.

17 | P a g e
• Patterns for College Writing: Fourth Edition. Kirszner, L.G & Mandell, S.R. 1989
USA: St. Martin‘s Press, Inc.
• Write to be Read: Reading, Reflection and Writing by Smazler, W. R. 1996.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Course Title: ISLAMIC STUDIES

Course Code: IS-312
Credit Hours: 03
Course Objectives:
This course is aimed at:
1 To provide Basic information about Islamic Studies
2 To enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic Civilization
3 To improve Students skill to perform prayers and other worships
4 To enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to faith and
religious life.
Course Contents:
Introduction to Quranic Studies
 Basic Concepts of Quran
 History of Quran
 Uloom-ul -Quran
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran
 Verses of Surah Al-Baqra Related to Faith(Verse No-284-286)
 Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi(Verse No-1-18)
 Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful (Verse No-1-11)
 Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No.63-77)
 Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam(Verse No-152-154)
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran
 Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No.6,21,40,56,57,58.)
 Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of Judgment
 Verses of Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar,Tadabar (Verse No-1,14)
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) I
 Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah ( Before Prophet Hood)
 Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah
 Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Makkah
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) II
 Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Madina
 Important Events of Life Holy Prophet in Madina
 Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Madina
Introduction ToSunnah
 Basic Concepts of Hadith
 History of Hadith
 Kinds of Hadith
 Uloom –ul-Hadith
 Sunnah& Hadith
 Legal Position of Sunnah

18 | P a g e
Pool Course: Social Science-I
Course Title: Citizenship Education and Community Engagement
Course Code: SOC-313
Contact Hours: Credit Hours:
Theory = 16 Theory = 1.0
Practical = 64 Practical = 2.0
Total = 80 Total = 3.0

Course Objectives:
The overall objectives of this course are to:
 Teach students the importance and role of active citizenship in promoting a
productive, harmonious and developed society/world
 Educate students about the importance of concepts, skills and philosophy of
community linkages in developing a sustainable society
 Inculcate the importance of community involvement for ensuring an improved,
tolerant and generative society/world
 Provide an opportunity to the students to develop their relationship with the
community
Learning Outcomes:
The primary outcome is inclusive development through active citizenship locally and
globally,. Moreover, the following are the detailed outcomes of the course based on the three
domains of Bloom‘s Taxonomy i.e Affective, Psychomotor and Cognitive. The students will
be able to:
 Understand the overall organization of the society
 Recognize and exercise their rights, responsibilities and the significance of active
citizenship in positive societal development
 Identify and critically evaluate social issues and implement practicable community
based solutions
 Understand the concept of human rights and its significance
 Appreciate diverse viewpoints and inter-cultural harmony

Course Outline:
Introduction to Citizenship Education and Community Engagement
 Meaning & History
 Attributes of Active Citizenship
 Different Approach
i. Republican Approach
ii. Liberal Approach
iii. Cosmopolitan Approach
 Dimensions of Active Citizenship
i. Rights
ii. Membership
iii. Participation
iv. Identity

Identity, Culture, and Social Harmony

 Sociological Theories of Self Formation

19 | P a g e
 i. Sigmund Freud Theory
ii. George Herbert Mead Theory
iii. Charles Horton Cooley Theory
 Cultural & Religious Harmony
 Pluralism & Diversity
 Democracy & Democratic Norms
 Concept and Development of Identity
 Components of Cultural and Social Harmony
Inter-Cultural Dialogue (me versus you)
 Principles & Purpose
 Ability to Support, learn and share through dialogue
 Policy Dialogue (encourage young people to share their opinion and perspective with
policy makers and opinion makers.
Local & Global Communities
 Concept of Community
 Needs, Issues & Conflicts
 Conflict Resolution
 Communication & Networking
 Social Cohesion
 Social Capital
 Social Networking
 Advocacy
 Social Entrepreneurship & Partnership
Social Action Planning
 Skills in Project Planning & Management
 Project Cycle
 Stakeholder Analysis
 Problem Identification
 Writing Project Plan
 Monitoring & Evaluation
 Risk Analysis
Population Dynamics in Pakistan
 Population Growth Pakistan
 Factors Behind High Fertility Rate
i. Legislative Actions
ii. Dearth of Medical Facilities
iii. Delayed VS Early Age Marriages
iv. Poverty
v. Women Empowerment
vi. Spreading Awareness
vii. Providing Incentives
 Population Theory
 How to Control Population Growth

20 | P a g e
Text and Reference Books:
Core Readings:
 Larsen, A. K., Sewpaul, V., & Hole, G. O. (Eds.). (2013). Participation in
community work: International perspectives. Routledge.
 Alan, T. (2008). Community work, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
 British Council, (2017) Active Citizen’s Social Action Projects Guide (Scotland:
British Council.
 Kaye, C. B. (2004). The complete guide to service learning: Proven, practical
ways to engage students in civic responsibility, academic curriculum, & social
action. Free Spirit Publishing.
 Hans, R. (1993). Population Studies, Indian Council of Social Science Research,
New Delhi.
 Demeny, P., McNicoll, G., & Hodgson, D. (2003). Encyclopedia of population.
Hodgson, Dennis (2003). Contemporary Population Thought.
 Peterson, W. (1975). Population, New York, Macmillan.
 Srinivasan, K. (1998). Basic demographic techniques and applications. SAGE
Publications Pvt. Limited.
 Todaro, M. P. (1977). Economic Development in the Third World: An
introduction to problems and policies in a global perspective. Pearson Education.
 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe – Official Web site
 UNO (2000). Population Trends, World Population Monitoring, Population
growth Structure and Distribution 1999. Department of Economics and Social
Affairs, Population Division, UNO.
 Weeks, J. R. (1992). Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues, Belmart
California, Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Arts and Humanities

I. Pashto, Urdu, Arabic, Turkish, Chinese or any other language

II. Islamic History and Culture, Philosophy, History, Education, Home Economics or
any other approved course of BKUC

21 | P a g e
22 | P a g e
 ‫عربي‬

23 | P a g e
24 | P a g e
 ‫اردو‬

25 | P a g e
26 | P a g e
 Semester-III
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-411 Calculus III 3(3+0)
2 MATH-412 Algebra-I (Group Theory-I) 3(3+0)
3 MATH-413 Software Packages (Matlab/Maple/Mathematica) 3(1+2)
4 ELL-411 English III: Academic Reading and Writing 3(3+0)
5 Natural Science-II 3(3+0)
6 PHIL-412 QR-II (Logic and Quantitative Reasoning) 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 18(16+2)

MATH-411 Calculus III Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: This is third course of Calculus andbuilds up on the concepts learned
in first two courses. The studentswould be introduced to the vector calculus, the calculus
ofmultivariable functions and double and triple integrals along with theirapplications.
Course Outline:
Vectors and analytic geometry in space: Coordinate system.Rectangular, cylindrical and
spherical coordinates. The dot product,the cross product. Equations of lines and planes.
Quadric surfaces.
Vector-valued functions: Vector-valued functions and space curves.Derivatives and
integrals of vector valued functions. Arc length.Curvature, normal and binormal vectors.
Multivariable functions and partial derivatives: Functions of severalvariables. Limits and
Continuity. Partial derivatives, Composition andchain rule. Directional derivatives and the
gradient vector. Implicitfunction theorem for several variables. Maximum and minimum
values.Optimization problems. Lagrange Multipliers.
Multiple integrals: Double integrals over rectangular domains anditerated integrals. Non-
rectangular domains. Double integrals in polarcoordinates. Triple integrals in rectangular,
cylindrical and sphericalcoordinates. Applications of double and triple integrals. Change of
variables in multiple integrals.
Vector calculus: Vector fields. Line integrals. Green's theorem. Curland divergence. Surface
integrals over scalar and vector fields.Divergence theorem. Stokes' theorem.
Recommended Books:
1. Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley PublishingCompany, 2005
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc. 2005
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single andMultivariable, 3rd Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. Frank A. Jr, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum‘s outlinesseries, 4th Edition, 1999
5. C.H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and AnalyticsGeometry, Prentice Hall, Inc. 1988
6. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus with Analytic Geometry,PWS Publishers, Boston,
Massachusetts, 1983.

27 | P a g e
7. M. Liebeck, A Concise introduction to pure Mathematics,CRC Press, 2011.
8. A. Kaseberg, Intermediate Algebra, Thomson Brooks/COLE,2004.
9. J. Stewart, Calculus early transcendentals, 7thEdition, Brooks/COLE, 2008

MATH-412 Algebra-I (Group Theory-I) Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Contents:Definition of a group, subgroup, subgroup generated by a set. The cyclic groups,

cosets and Lagrange‘s theorem. Normalizer centralizer. The center of a group. Equivalence
relation in a group,conjugacy classes. Normal subgroups, quotient group.
Group homomorphisms: Homomorphisms and isomorphism andAutomorphism. Kernel and
image of homomorphism. Isomorphismtheorems. Permutation groups. The cyclic
decomposition of apermutation group. Cayley‘s theorem. Direct product of two groupsand
examples.
Recommended Books
1. G. Nakose and D. Joyner: Linear Algebra with Applications, (1998).
2. W. Keith Nicholson: Elementary linear algebra with applications, (1994)
3. Richard O. Hill: Elementary linear algebra with applications, 3rd edition, (1995)
3. Steven J. Leon: Linear algebra with applications, 6th edition, (2002).
4. Shifrin T. and Adams R. M.: Linear Algebra, A Geometric Approach, (2002).
5. J. R. Durbin: Modern Agebra: An Introduction, 3rd Edition, (1992).

COURSE TITLE: English III: Academic Reading & Writing

LEVEL: BS 3rd
COURSE CODE: ELL-411
CREDIT HOURSS: 03
COURSE TYPE: Foundational

Course Description
This course aims at inculcating proficiency in academic writing through research. It guides
students to develop a well-argued and well documented academic paper with a clear thesis
statement, critical thinking, argumentation and synthesis of information. This course also
teaches students how to use different systems of citations and bibliography. It allows students
to become independent and efficient readers armed with appropriate skills and strategies for
reading and comprehending texts at undergraduate level.

Course Objectives
To enable the students to:
1. Improve literal understanding, interpretation & general assimilation, and integration of
knowledge
2. Write well organized academic texts including examination answers with topic/thesis
statement and supporting details.
3. Write argumentative essays and course assignments

Course Contents:
• Read academic texts effectively by:
• Using appropriate strategies for extracting information and salient points according to a
given purpose
• Identifying the main points supporting details, conclusions in a text of intermediate
level
28 | P a g e
• Identifying the writer‘s intent such as cause and effect, reasons, comparison and
contrast, and exemplification
• Interpreting charts and diagrams
• Making appropriate notes using strategies such as mind maps, tables, lists, graphs.
• Reading and carrying out instructions for tasks, assignments and examination questions
• Enhance academic vocabulary using skills learnt in Compulsory English I course
• Acquire efficient dictionary skills such as locating guide words, entry words, choosing
appropriate definition, and identifying pronunciation through pronunciation key, identifying
part of speech, identifying syllable division and stress patterns
• Writing Academic Texts

Organization and development of effective compositions

• employ appropriate strategies for prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing as part of
the writing process

• compose coherent paragraphs, supporting central ideas with specific details

• Compose organized essays with genre-specific structure including thesis,

introduction, body, and conclusion.

• demonstrate control of key conventions of standard written English

• summarize a text objectively

• respond to a text subjectively

• analyze, synthesize, interpret, and evaluate information from multiple texts

• apply active reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, questioning, and

annotating

• develop vocabulary; choose correctly among different forms of related words;

evaluate differences in diction, guess the meaning of unfamiliar words using context clues.

• Skimming and scanning practice exercise with every above mentioned aspect of
reading.

• Combining sentences, Modals

• Note: Teachers need to include practice activities, exercises and worksheets on the
provided topics

Recommended Books:
• English Practice Grammar (New edition with tests and answers) by Eastwood, J. 2004.
Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Fisher, A. 2001. Critical Thinking. C UP
• Critical Reading and Writing: An Introductory Course. By Goatly, A. 2000. London:
Taylor & Francis
• A Writer's Reference. 2nd Ed. By Hacker, D. 1992. Boston: St.
Martin's

29 | P a g e
• Study writing: A course in written English for academic and professional purposes. By
Hamp-Lyons, L. & Heasley, B. 1987. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Oxford English for Undergraduates. By Howe, D. H, Kirkpatrick, T. A., & Kirkpatrick,
D. L. 2004. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Grammar in Use. By Murphy, R. 2003. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Write to be Read: Reading, Reflection and Writing. By Smazler, W. R. 1996.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Study Skills. By Wallace, M. 1992. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Primary Texts: The Norton Field Guide to Writing, by Richard Bullock; or The St.
Martin‘s Guide to Writing, by Rise Axelrod and Charles Cooper; or The Allyn and Bacon
Guide to Writing, by John Ramage and John Bean; or The Call to Write, by John Trimbu

Pool Course: Quantitative Reasoning (QR-II)

Course Title: Logic & Quantitative Reasoning
Course Code: PHIL-412
Credit Hours: 03
Course Type: Compulsory

Course Contents
Basic Concept of Logic and Quantitative Reasoning:
 Definition of Logic
 The logic and Quantitative Reasoning.
 The importance of Logic and Quantitative Reasoning
 Propositions, Argument

Two main types of Reasoning

 Inductive Reasoning
 Deductive Reasoning

Formal and Informal Fallacies

 Definition of fallacies
 Kinds of fallacies
 Some famous fallacies
 The fallacy of Argument against person
 The fallacy of Appeal to people
 The fallacy of Appeal to pity
 The fallacy of appeal to irrelevant authority
 The fallacy of Red herring
 The fallacy of false conclusion

Language, Argument and Critical Thinking

 The basic uses of language and Critical thinking
 Discourse serving multiple functions
 Logical Reasoning in selected paragraphs.
 Reading comprehension and answer the questions at the end

Symbolic Logic, Quantitative Reasoning and Analytical Questions

 The nature of analytical questions

30 | P a g e
  Objects, names and quantity
 Rules and conditions
 Solving some selected analytical questions

Categorical Propositions, Categorical syllogism and Research Methodology

 Introduction and Definitions of Variables in research.
 Qualitative and Quantitative Research methods
 Concept, Indicators, and Variables
 Types of Variables.
 Measurement scale.
 Qualitative and Quantitative research.
 Scale and Types of Measurement Scale.

Recommended Books:
1. Stewart, David and Blocker, Gene. H. (2006). Fundamentals of Philosophy. New
Delhi: Pearson Education.
2. Jackson, Sherri.L. (2008). Research Methods: A Modular Approach. USA: Thomson
Higher Education.
3. Copi, Iring. M. And Cohen, Carl. (2009). Introduction to Logic. New Delhi:
Pearson Education.
4. Copi, Iring. M., Cohen, Carl. Jetli, Priyadarshi. AndPrabhakar, Monica.
(2009).Introduction to Logic. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley Pvt, Ltd

Natural Sciences-II (any two subjects may be selected from the following disciplines)

Mathematics, Statistics, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics-I, Physics-II, Geography, GIS,

Geology, Electronics, Geophysics, computer, (or any other approved Basic Course of BKUC)

Natural Science-II

MATH-414 MATHEMATICS-II Credit Hours:

3(3+0)
Specific Objectives of the Course: To prepare the students, notmajoring in mathematics,
with the essential tools of calculus to apply the concepts and the techniques in their respective
disciplines.
Course Outline:
Preliminaries: Real-number line, functions and their graphs, solution ofequations involving
absolute values, inequalities. Limits and Continuity: Limit of a function, left-hand and right-
hand limits,continuity, continuous functions.
Derivatives and their Applications: Differentiable functions, differentiationof polynomial,
rational and transcendental functions, derivatives.
Integration and Definite Integrals: Techniques of evaluating indefiniteintegrals, integration by
substitution, integration by parts, change of variables in indefinite integrals.
Recommended Books:
 Anton H, Bevens I, Davis S, Calculus: A New Horizon (8th edition), 2005, John
Wiley, New York
31 | P a g e
  Stewart J, Calculus (3rd edition), 1995, Brooks/Cole (suggested text) Swokowski EW,
Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 1983, PWS-Kent Company, Boston
Thomas GB, Finney AR, Calculus (11th edition), 2005, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Ma, USA

STATISTICS-II
COURSE CODE: STAT-414 CREDIT HOURS:
03
Theory
Probability theory, Sample Space, counting sample points, Subsets, Events, Independent and
Dependent Events, Classical Probability, Laws of Probability, Conditional Probability,
Sampling Techniques, Sampling Probability and non-Probability Sampling, Sampling with
and without replacement, Simple random Sampling, Stratified random sampling, Systematic
sampling, Sampling and Non-sampling Error, Sampling distribution of mean and difference
between two means. Estimation and testing of hypothesis, Type—I and type-II error,
Confidence Interval for Difference of Means, Confidence Interval for Population Proportion,
Confidence Interval for the Differences Between Proportion, Formulation of Hypothesis,
Testing of hypothesis about mean and difference between two means using Z-test and t-test,
Paired t-test, One-tailed and Two-tailed tests, Test of association of attributes using X2 (chi-
square) Testing hypothesis about variance.
Practical’s
a. Sampling random sampling
b. Stratified random sampling.
c. Sampling distribution of mean
d. Testing of hypotheses regarding population mean
e. Testing of hypotheses about the difference between population means
f. Chi-square test
g. One-way ANOVA
h. Two-way ANOVA
Recommended Book
1. Introduction to Statistical Theory Part-II by Sher Muhammad and Dr. Shahid Kamal
(Latest Edition)
2. Introduction to Statistical Theory Part-I by Sher Muhammad and Dr. Shahid Kamal
(Latest Edition)
3. Statistical Methods and Data Analysis by Dr. Faquir Muhammad

32 | P a g e
Botany-II
Title of the Course: Plant Systematics, Anatomy and Development/Embryology
Course Code: BOT- 321 Credit Hours: 3 (2+1)
Objectives of course:
To understand: Various systems of classification, identification and nomenclature of
Angiosperms. Structures and functions of tissues and organs at embryonic level.
Course outline
a) Plant Systematics
Introduction to Plant Systematics: aims, objectives and importance.
Classification: brief history of various systems of classification with emphasis on Takhtajan.
Brief introduction to nomenclature, importance of Latin names and binomial system with an
introduction to International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN).
Morphology: a detailed account of various, Morphological characters root, stem, leaf,
inflorescence, flower, placentation and fruit types.
Diagnostic characters, economic importance and distribution pattern of the following
families:
i. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) ii. Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
iii. Rosaceae iv. Solanaceae v. Poaceae vi. Liliaceae (Sen. Lato)
b) Anatomy
Concept, structure and function of various tissues like: Parenchyma, Collenchyma,
Sclerenchyma, Epidermis (including stomata and trichrome) Xylem and Phloem
Meristem: types,
Primary and secondary growth of dicot stem, periderm
Characteristics of wood: diffuse porous and ring –porous, sap and heart wood, soft and hard
wood, annual rings.
Development / Embryology
Early development of plant body:Capsella bursa-pastoris
Structure and development of Anther Microsporogenesis, Microgametophyte
Structure of Ovule MegasporogenesisMegagametophyte
Endosperm formation, Parthenocarpy, Polyembryony
Lab Outline
 Anatomy and Embryology
 Study of stomata, epidermis,
 Tissues of primary body of plant
 Study of xylem 3-dimensional plane of wood.

33 | P a g e
  T.S of angiosperm stem and leaf.
 Anatomy of germinating seeds
 Study of pollens
 Taxonomy
 Identification of families given in syllabus with the help of keys.
 Technical description of common flowering plants belonging to families mentioned in
theory syllabus.
 Field trips shall be undertaken to study and collect local plants.
 Students shall submit 40 fully identified herbarium specimens.
Recommended Books
1. Eames A.J. and L.H Mac Daniels. 2002. An Introduction to Plant Anatomy. Tata-Mac
Graw-Hill Publishing Company, Limited New Delhi.
2. Fahn, A. 1990. Plant Anatomy. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
3. Panday, B.P. 2004. A textbook of Botany (Angiosperms). S. Chand and Co. New
Delhi.
4. Rajput, M. T., S. S. Hassney and K. M. Khan. 1996. Plant Taxonomy. New Trends
Computer Service, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
5. Raymond E, S. E. Eichhorn. 2005. Esau‘s Plant Anatomy. Meristems cells and tissues
of the plant body, 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
6. Stuessy, T.F. 1990. Plant Taxonomy. Columbia University Press, USA.

Zoology-II
Title of the course: Animal Diversity-II (Chordates)
Code: ZOO- 321 Credit Hours: 3 (2+1)
Aims and Objectives: The course provides knowledge and understanding about the different
animal groups, emphasizing their phylogenetic relationships.
Course Outline
1. Hemichordates and Invertebrate Chordates
Evolutionary perspective Introduction to hemichordates
2. Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water
Evolutionary perspective, Introduction and brief classification of fishes, adaptations in
locomotion, circulation, gas exchange, lateral line system , excretion and osmoregulation,
reproduction and development.
3. Amphibians: The First Terrestrial Vertebrates

34 | P a g e
Evolutionary perspective, brief classification of amphibians, adaptations in external structure
and locomotion, nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, temperature
regulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and osmoregulation, reproduction,
development, and metamorphosis; further phylogenetic considerations.
4. Reptiles: The First Amniotes
Evolutionary perspective cladistic interpretation of the amniotic lineage; survey of order
testudines or chelonia, rhynchocephalia, squamata, and crocodilia; evolutionary pressures:
adaptations in external structure and locomotion, nutrition and the digestive system,
circulation, gas exchange, and temperature regulation, nervous and sensory functions,
excretion and osmoregulation, reproduction and development; further phylogenetic
considerations.
5. Birds: Feathers, Flight, and Endothermy
Evolutionary perspective, ancient birds and the evolution of flight; diversity of modern birds;
evolutionary pressures: adaptation in external structure and locomotion, nutrition and the
digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, and temperature regulation, nervous and sensory
systems, excretion and osmoregulation, reproduction and development; migration and
navigation.
6. Mammals: Specialized Teeth, Endothermy, Hair, and Viviparity
Evolutionary perspective: diversity of mammals; evolutionary pressures: adaptations in
external structure and locomotion, nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas
exchange, and temperature regulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and
osmoregulation , behaviour, reproduction and development.
Lab outline:
 Study of representatives of group Fishes.
 Study of representative groups of class Amphibia.
 Study of representative groups of class Reptilia.
 Study of representative groups of class Aves.
 Study of representative groups of class Mammalia.
 Field trips to study animal diversity in an ecosystem.
 Visit to zoo and Wildlife Park.
 Collection and preservation techniques, collection of specimens by students.
 Note: Preserved specimen and/or colored projection slide and/or CD ROM projection
of computer must be used.

35 | P a g e
Books Recommended:
1. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S. and Larson, A. Integrated Principles of Zoology,
11thEdition (International), 2004. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
2. Miller, S.A. and Harley, J.B. Zoology, 5thEdition (International) 2002. Singapore:
McGraw Hill.
3. Kent, G.C. and Miller, S. Comparative anatomy of Vertebrates. 2001. New York:
McGraw Hill.
4. Campbell, N.A. Biology, 6th Edition. 2002. Menlo Park, California:
Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.

Course Code: PHY-413 Course Title: Physics-II (Credit hours: 03)

Objectives

Students completing this course successfully will be able to: Understand basic concepts and
principles of electricity and magnetism. Analyze and solve analytical as well as numerical
problems in a variety of electrical systems. Understand and interpret information presented in
tables, graphs and mathematical equations. Formulate, analyze and report experimental
results obtained from practical work. Carry out careful measurements and develop a hand-on
experience on experimental techniques and skills.

Course Contents
Electrostatics: electro charges as source of electric flux, Gauss‘s theorem, Electrostatic potential,
Poisson‘s equation, Laplace Equation Potential due to: (a) Point Charge (b) dipole capacity of
spherical condenser, dielectrics. Magnetism Explanation and ferromagnetism on atomic
structure of an atom, magnetic circuit, relation b/w susceptibility and permeability,
Hysteresis determination of B-H curve using a Ballistic galvanometer, Magnetic Shell and
Ampere‘s law and method of measuring magnetic field; Current Electricity: Magnetic flux
density B. Ampher‘ s law and calculation of B due to current in (a) Long Straight, (b)
Solenoid, (c) Toriod, Biot and Sarvat‘s law and its applications, Farday‘s Law , Lenz‘s Law,
Motional electromotive force (EMF). Inductance and its types.

Recommended Books

1. Fundamental of Physics by Jearl Walker, Holiday & Resnick, 10th Edition,

Wiley
2. An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics for the Non-Specialist by
Gerald E Marsh. World Scientific Publishing Company (2017). ISBN-10:
9813232587.
3. Advanced Modern Physics: Theoretical Foundations by John Dirk Walecka.
World
Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. (2010) ISBN-13: 978-981-4291-51-4.
th
4. Physics, Volume 1, 5 Edition by Resnick Halliday Wiley India (2007). ISBN-13:
978-8126510887.

36 | P a g e
 th
5. University Physics 11 Edition by Hugh D Young. Addison Wesley Publishing
Company. (2006) ISBN-10: 0805387684.
6. Physics, by Robert Resnick, David Halliday, Kenneth S. Krane. (2001). Volume 1,
5th Edition. ISBN: 978-0-471-32057-9.

Semester-IV
S. No Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-421 Number Theory 3(3+0)
2 MATH-422 Ordinary Differential Equations 3(3+0)
3 MATH-423 Discrete Mathematics 3(3+0)
4 Arts and Humanities-II 3(3+0)
5 Social Sciences - II 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 15(15+0)

MATH-421 Number Theory Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: The focus of the course is on study of the fundamental properties of
integers and develops ability to prove basic theorems. The specific objectives include study
of division algorithm, prime numbers and their distributions, Diophantineequations, and the
theory of congruencies.
Course Outline:
Preliminaries: Well-ordering principle. Principle of finite induction.
Divisibility theory: The division algorithms. Basis representation theorem. Prime and
composite numbers. Canonical decomposition. The greatest common divisor. The Euclidean
algorithm. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Least common multiple.
Linear Diophantine equations: Congruences. Linear congruences. System of linear
congruences. The Chinese remainder theorem. Divisibility tests. Solving polynomial
congruences. Fermat's and Euler's theorems. Wilson's theorem.
Arithmetic functions: Euler's phi-function. The functions of J and sigma. The Mobius
function. The sieve of Eratosthenes. Perfect numbers. Fermat and Mersenne primes.
Primitive Roots and Indices: The order of an integer mod n. Primitive roots for primes.
Composite numbers having primitive roots.
Quadratic residues: Legendre symbols and its properties. The quadratic reciprocity law.
Quadratic congruencies with composite moduli. Pythagorean triples. Representing numbers
as sum of two squares.
Recommended Books:
1. D.M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, McGraw-Hill, 2007.
2. W.J. Leveque, Topics in Number Theory, vols. I and II, Addison- Wesley, 1956.
3. S.B. Malik , Basic Number Theory, Vikas Publishing house, 1995.
4. K.H. Rosen, Elementary Number Theory and its Applications, 5th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2005.
5. I. Niven, H.S. Zuckerman, H.L. Montgomery, An Introduction to the theory of Numbers,
John Wiley and Sons, 1991.
6. A. Adler, J.E. Coury, The Theory of Numbers, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1995.

37 | P a g e
MATH-422 Ordinary Differential Equations Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: To introduce students to the formulation, classification of differential

equations and existence and uniqueness of solutions. To provide skill in solving initial value
and boundary value problems. To develop understanding and skill in solving first and second
order linear homogeneous and non-homogeneous differential equations and solving
differential equations using power series methods.
Course Outline:
Preliminaries: Introduction and formulation, classification of differential equations,
existence and uniqueness of solutions, introduction of initial value and boundary value
problems.
First order ordinary differential equations: Basic concepts, formation and solution of
differential equations. Separable variables, Exact Equations, Homogeneous Equations, Linear
equations, integrating factors. Some nonlinear first order equations with known solution,
differential equations of Bernoulli and Richati type, Clairaut equation, modeling with first-
order ODEs, Basic theory of systems of first order linear equations, Homogeneous linear
system with constant coefficients, Non-homogeneous linear system
Second and higher order linear differential equations: Initial value and boundary value
problems, Homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Superposition principle,
homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, Linear independence and Wronskian,
Non-homogeneous equations, undetermined coefficients method, variation of parameters,
Cauchy-Euler equation, Modelling.
Sturm-Liouville problems: Introduction to eigen value problem, adjoint and self adjoint
operators, self adjoint differential equations, eigen values and eigen functions, Sturm-
Liouville (S-L) boundary value problems, regular and singular S-L problems, properties of
regular S-L problems
Series Solutions: Power series, ordinary and singular points, Existence of power series
solutions, power series solutions, types of singular points, Frobenius theorem, Existence of
Frobenius series solutions, solutions about singular points, The Bessel, modified Bessel
Legendre and Hermite equations and their solutions.
Recommended Books:
1. Dennis G. Zill and Michael R., Differential equations with boundary-value problems by
Cullin 5th Edition Brooks/Cole, 1997.
2. William E. Boyce and Richard C. Diprima, Elementary differential equations and
boundary value problems, Seventh Edition John Wiley & Sons, Inc
3. V. I. Arnold, Ordinary Differential Equations, Springer, 1991.
4. T. Apostol, Multi Variable Calculus and Linear Algebra, 2nd ed., John Wiley and sons,
1997.

MATH-423 Discrete Mathematics Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives: Introduces the foundations of discrete mathematics as they apply to Computer

Science, focusing on providing a solid theoretical foundation for further work. Further, this
course aims to develop understanding and appreciation of the finite nature inherent in most
Computer Science problems and structures through study of combinatorial reasoning, abstract
algebra, iterative procedures, predicate calculus, tree and graph structures. In this course more
38 | P a g e
emphasis shall be given to statistical and probabilistic formulation with respect to computing
aspects.
Course Outline: Introduction to logic and proofs: Direct proofs; proof by contradiction, Sets,
Combinatorics, Sequences, Formal logic, Prepositional and predicate calculus, Methods of
Proof, Mathematical Induction and Recursion, loop invariants, Relations and functions,
Pigeonwhole principle, Trees and Graphs, Elementary number theory, Optimization and
matching. Fundamental structures: Functions; relations (more specifically recursions);
pigeonhole principle; cardinality and countability, probabilistic methods.
Counting methods: Basic methods: product, inclusion-exclusion formulae. Permutations and
combinations. Recurrence relations and their solutions. Generating functions. Double
counting. Applications. Pigeonhole principle, applications.
Relations: Binary relations, n-ary Relations. Closures of relations. Composition of relations,
inverse relation.
Graphs: Graph terminology. Representation of graphs. Graphs isomorphism. Algebraic
methods: the incidence matrix. Connectivity, Eulerian and Hamiltonian paths. Shortest path
problem. Trees and spanning trees. Complete graphs and bivalent graphs.

Reference Material:
1. Kenneth H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, 6TH edition, 2006,
Mcgraw Hill Book Co.
2. Richard Johnsonbaugh, Discrete Mathematics, 7TH edition, 2008, Prentice Hall
Publishers.
3. Kolman, Busby & Ross, Discrete Mathematical Structures, 4th edition, 2000,
Prentice-Hall Publishers.
4. Ralph P. Grimaldi, Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics: An Applied
Introduction, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1985.

Arts and Humanities II

II. Islamic History and Culture, Philosophy, History, Education, Home Economics,or any
other approved course of BKUC

Pool Course: Arts & Humanities-II

Course Title: Introduction to Education
Course Code: EDU-414
Credit Hours: 03

COURSE CONTENTS:
Introduction:
 Meaning and Definition of Education
 Importance of Education
 Modes of Education.

Foundation/Perspectives of Education:
 Philosophical
 Psychological
 Socio-Cultural, and
 Economic

39 | P a g e
Instructional Objectives:
 Goals
 Aim
 Objectives
 Importance of Learning Objectives.
 Taxonomy of educational Objectives.

Teaching Methodology:
 Traditional
 Modern
 Instructional Material.
 Instructional Techniques.

Class Room Management:

 Criteria for students classification
 Need for classification
 Psychological factors of classification in system of examination.

Learning:
 Introduction
 Meaning and Definition
 Nature of Learning.
 Factors effecting learning.
 Approaches of Learning (Behavioral and Cognitive).

Educational Guidance and Counseling:

 Definition and Nature of Guidance.
 Role and Function of Guidance.
 Counseling and its Principles.

COURSE RECOMMANDED BOOKS:

1. Elias, John L. and Merriam, Sharan.(1984). Philosophical Foundation of
Education. Malabar Florida: Krieger Publishing Company.
2. Friere, P.(1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed: What we Consume. W.W.F and
Richmond Publishing Company.
3. Gutek, Gerald L. (1988). Philosophical Thinking in Educational Practice.
Westport: Con,Praeger Publisher.
4. Iqbal, M. (2001). Reconstruction of Religion Thoughts in Islam.National
Education policies, (1972, 1979, 1998, 2010).

Course Title: Islamic History & Culture

Course Code: IS-422
Title Description
Semester 4th
Nature of Course Major (M-10)
Credit Hours 03

40 | P a g e
‫‪Objectives of the Course‬‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ اسالهی تہذیة و توذي کا تعارف کزوا ً ا‬
‫‪۲‬۔ دًیا کے ہذتلف عالقوں ہیں اسالهی تہذیة کے عزوج و سوال‬
‫کا خا ٍظ لی اٌ‬
‫‪۳‬۔ دوصزی تہذیثوں صے اخذو استفاد ٍ اور اي پز اسالهی تہذیة کے‬
‫اثزات کا خا ٍظ لی ٌ ا‬
‫‪5. Course Description‬‬
‫‪S.No.‬‬ ‫‪Title‬‬ ‫‪Description‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫تہذیة و توذي کا تعارف۔‪I‬‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ تہذیة کا هفہوم‬
‫‪۲‬۔ تىذي کا هفہىم ‪۳‬۔‬
‫ثقافت کا هفہوم‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫تہذیة و توذي کا‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ تہذیة و توذي کی ت ٌ یاد‪۲‬۔ تہذیة وتوذي کے ارکاي‬
‫تعارف۔‪II‬‬ ‫‪۳‬۔ تہذیة و تىذي کی اہویت‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫دور ً ثوی صے قثل اہن‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ قثل اس اسالم کی خاہلی تہذیة‪۲‬۔یو ً ا ً ی تہذیة‬
‫تہذیثیں‬ ‫‪۳‬۔روهی تہذیة‪۴‬۔ ہصزی تہذیة‪۵‬۔ ہ ٌ ذوستا ً ی تہذیة‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫اسالهی تہذیة کے اػول‬ ‫اسالهی تہذیة کی ت ٌ یادیں‬

‫وہثاد یی‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫عہذ ً ثوی ودور خالفت‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ عہذ ً ثوی ﷺ وذالفت راطذ ٍ ہیں اسالهی تہذیة کے‬
‫راطذ ٍ ہیں اسالهی تہذیة‬ ‫ارتقاء کے اصثاب ‪۲‬۔‬
‫خالفت راطذ ٍ ہیں اسالهی تہذیة کے هظاہز‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ دور ت ٌ و اہیہ کا تعارف‪۲‬۔ دور ت ٌ و اہیہ ہیں علىی دور ت ٌ و اہیہ ہیں اسالهی‬
‫تہذیة۔‪I‬‬
‫تزقی ‪۳‬۔ دور ت ٌ و اہیہ کے علىی‬
‫هزاکظ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫دور ت ٌ و اہیہ ہیں اسالهی‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ دور ت ٌ و اہیہ کی هعاعز تی تزقی‬
‫تہذیة۔‪II‬‬ ‫‪۲‬۔ دور ت ٌ و اہیہ کے تہذیثی تزقی کے اسثاب‬
‫‪۳‬۔ دور ت ٌ و اہیہ کی تہذیثی تزقی کے ً تائح‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ دور ت ٌ و اہیہ کی ہذہثی تحزیک یں‪۲‬۔دور ت ٌ و اہیہ ہیں دور ت ٌ و اہیہ ہیں اسالهی‬
‫تہذیة۔‪III‬‬ ‫اً ً‬
‫ذروی ذلفغار ‪۳‬۔‬
‫اہویوں کے سوال کے اسثاب‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫دور ت ٌ و عثاػ ہیں‬ ‫‪۱‬۔عثاصی تہذیة کا آغاس‪۲‬۔ دور عثاصی کی علىی‬
‫اسالهی تہذیة۔‪I‬‬
‫تحزیکیں ‪۳‬۔ دور عثاصی کے علىی‬
‫هزاکظ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫دور ت ٌ و عثاػ ہیں‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ دور ت ٌ و عثاػ ہیں تہذیثی تزقی‪۲‬۔ دور ت ٌ و عثاػ ہیں‬
‫اسالهی تہذیة۔‪II‬‬ ‫هعاعزتی تزقی‬
‫‪۳‬۔ دور ت ٌ و عثاػ ہیں اسالهی تہذیة کا دوصزی تہذیثوں‬
‫سے ہکالىہ‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫دور ت ٌ و عثاػ ہیں‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ دور ت ٌ و عثاػ ہیں ہصلىا ً وں کے کار ً اهے‪۲‬۔دور ت ٌ و‬
‫اسالهی تہذیة۔‪III‬‬ ‫عثاػ کی ہذہثی تحزیک یں‬
‫‪۳‬۔ دور ت ٌ و عثاػ کی سیاصی تحزیکیں‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫دور ت ٌ و عثاػ ہیں‬ ‫‪۱‬۔ ػلیثی ٌذگیں‪۲‬۔ تاتاری حىلے‬
‫اسالهی تہذیة۔‪IV‬‬ ‫‪۳‬۔ عثاسیوں کے سوال کے اسثاب اور اػ کے اسالهی‬
‫تہذیة پز اثزات‬

‫‪41 | P a g e‬‬
 13 ‫اسپیي ہیں اسالهی تہذیة‬ ‫۔ اسپیي ہیں اعاعت اسالم‬۱
I ‫۔ اسپیي ہیں ہصلىا ً وں کے علىی کار ً اهے‬۲
‫۔ اسپیي ہیں ہصلىا ً وں کے علىی هزاکظ‬۳
14 ‫اسپیي ہیں اسالهی تہذیة‬ ‫۔‬۲ ‫۔ اسپیي ہیں اسالهی تہذیة کی اعاعت کے اسثاب‬۱
II ‫اسپیي ہیں اسالهی تہذیة کے هظاہز‬
‫۔ اسپیي ہیں اسالهی تہذیة کے یىرپی تہذیة پز اثزات‬۳
15 ‫تزصغیز پاک و ہ ٌ ذ ہیں‬ ‫۔ تزصغیز پاک و ہ ٌ ذ ہیں اسالهی تہذیثی کار ً اهے‬۱
‫اسالهی تہذیة و توذي‬ ‫۔ تزصغیز پاک و ہ ٌ ذ ہیں اسالهی تہذیة کی اعاعت‬۲
‫۔‬۳‫کے اصثاب‬
‫تزصغیز پاک و ہ ٌ ذ ہیں اسالهی تہذیة کی اعاعت کے اث‬
‫دوصزی تہذیثوں پز‬
‫ نصاتی کتة‬.6
‫نام کتاب‬ ‫نام مصنف‬ ‫نمثر‬
‫تاریخ تىذي اصالهی‬ ‫ع ٍا هعیي الذیي ً ذوی‬ 1
‫تاریخ اسالم‬ ‫اکثز طاٍ ً دیة آتادی‬ 2
‫تاریخ االضالن الشیاصی‬ ‫حشي اتزاہین حضي‬ 3
‫الثذایة ال ٌ هایة‬ ‫اتي ک ث یز‬ 4
‫اسالهی تہذیة کے درذظاں پہلو‬ ‫هصطفی صثاعی‬ 5
‫ حوالہ جاتی کتة‬.7
‫نام کتاب‬ ‫نام مصنف‬ ‫نمثر‬
‫الکاهل‬ ‫ات ي ا ث ی ز‬ 1
)‫تاریخ تہذیة اصالهی( چاروں حصے‬ ‫ڈاکٹز یشیي هظہز ػذیقی‬ 2
‫هلت اسالهیہ کی هدتػز تاریخ‬ ‫ثزوت صىلت‬ 3
An Atlas of Islamic History H.W Hazard 4
A Short History of Islam S.F.Mehmood 5

Course Title: Introduction to Philosophy

Course Code: PHIL-411
Credit Hours: 03

Course Description:
The course introduces undergraduate students to some of the main concerns in philosophy
concentrating on the works of major thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Hume, Kant,
Hegel, Marx, Kierkegaard, Husserl, Sartre, Foucault, and Derrida, to name a few The class
discussions will center on broad philosophical concerns: the nature of philosophy, the nature
and limits of human knowledge, the scope and limits of human freedom, the differences
between right and wrong conduct, the nature of good life, and the meaning and the value of
human existence. The students will thus be given introductory overview of different areas of
philosophy beginning with Plato. The topics for discussion will include: Morality, Free Will,
Metaphysics and Knowledge. The basic principles and methods of logical reasoning will be
introduced and students will be given opportunity to participate actively in class discussions.

Course Objectives:
● Understanding basic concepts of philosophy in the fields of metaphysics, axiology, and
epistemology.
● Understanding of philosophical terms.

42 | P a g e
Course Contents:
 A review of the history of philosophy.
 A discussion on the major problems and methods of philosophy.
 Studying the work of at least two philosophers from each of the following groups: 1.
Greco-Roman Philosophers Plato, Aristotle, Democritus, Pythagoras, Heraclitus,
Protagoras, Epicurus, Seneca, and Epictetus 2. Medieval Religious Philosophers
Avicenna, Averroes, St. Thomas Aquinas 3. Renaissance Philosophers Machiavelli,
Erasmus, Thomas More.
 Enlightenment and Sui Generis Philosophers: Copernicus, Descartes, Hobbes,
Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant.
 Idealists: Fichte, Schelling, Schiller, Hegel.
 Utilitarian Philosophers: Jeremy Bentham, J.S. Mill.
 Romantic Reactionaries: Rousseau, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard.
 Materialist Philosophers: Feuerbach, Marx.
 The Irrational Philosophers: Bergson, Freud.
 Phenomenologists and Existentialists: Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Camus, Fanon.
 Marxist Philosophers: Lukacs, Gramsci, Croce, Althusser.
 Linguists, Semiotician, Structuralist, and Deconstructionists: Saussure, Levi-Strauss,
Lacan, Barthe, Foucault, Derrida.
Recommended Books:
1. Adorno, T.W., Aesthetic Theory. Tr. By C. Lenhardt. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul,
1984 2. Ahmad, Absar, Concept of Self and Self-Identity in Contemporary Philosophy.
Lahore: Iqbal Academy, 1986
3. Aldrich, Virgil. Philosophy of Art, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1963
4. Anne, Bruce, Metaphysics: The Elements. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986
5. Aristotle, The Works of Aristotle, edited by W.D. Ross. Vol x. Politica, translated by
Benjamin Jowett. Oxford: Clarendon Press

Social science II

Political Science, Sociology, Psychology, Economics, Law, or any other approved Basic
course of BKUC

POOL COURSES: SOCIAL SCIENCES- II

COURE TITLE: BASICS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
COURSE CODE: POL-414
CREDIT HOURS: 03

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To give knowledge about the basics of Political science, its evolutions, and its
implication to traditional and Modern Societies. The subject also provide knowledge

43 | P a g e
 about the Political dynamics and new trends and debates emerging in the discipline of
Political Science.

COURSE CONTENTS:

 Meaning and Definition of Political Science

 Subfields in Political Science

 Methods and Techniques in Political Science

 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
 Ancient influences
 Early modern developments
 19th-century roots of contemporary political science
 The early 20th century
 Developments in the United States
 Developments outside the United States

 POLITICAL DYNAMICS
 Public Opinion
 Pressure Groups
 Propaganda
 Political Parties & Leadership
 Local Government System in Pakistan

 POST-WORLD WAR-II TRENDS AND DEBATES

 Behavioralism
 Political Culture
 Systems Analysis
 Theory of Rational choice
 Democracy

Recommended Books:

1. Agarwal, R.C. (2006). Political theory: Principles of political science. New Delhi: S.
Chand & Co.
2. Haq, Mazhar. (1996). Theory and practice in Political Science. Lahore: Book Land.
3. Roskin, Michael. G. (1997). Political Science: an Introduction. London: Prentice Hall.
4. SA. Syed (2007). Political Science: Part-1. Nowshera: Classic Publishers Nowshera.
5. S.A.Syed. (2007). Political Science: Part-II Nowshera: Classic Publishers Nowshera.
6. Sarwar, M. (1996). Introduction to Political Science. Lahore: IlmiKutubKhana.
7. Ahmad , Sheikh Bashir, Riyasat Jo Ilm (Sindhi meaning Science of State), Jamshoro,
Institute of Sindhalogy, University of Sindh, 1985.
8. Haq, Mazher ul, Theory and Practice in Political Science, Lahore Bookland, 1996.
9. Ian Mackenzi (Ed.), Political Concepts: A Reader and Guide, Edinburgh, University
Press, 2005.
10. Mohammad Sarwar, Introduction to Political Science, Lahore Ilmi Kutub Khana, 1996.
11. R. C. Agarwal, Political Theory (Principles of Pol. Science), New Delhi, S. Chand &
Co., 2006.

44 | P a g e
 12. Robert Jackson and Dorreen Jackson, A Comparative Introduction to Political Science,
New Jersey, Prentice – Hall, 1997
13. Rodee Anderson etc. Introduction to Political Science, Islamabad, National Book
Foundation, Latest Edition.
14. Roskin, Michael G., Political Science: An Introduction, London: Prentice Hall, 1997.
15. Shafi, Choudhry Ahmad, Usul-e-Siyasiat (Urdu), Lahore Standard Book Depot, 1996.
16. V. D. Mahajan, Political Theory- Principles of Pol. Science, New Delhi, S. Chand & Co.,
2006.

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY

COURSE CODE: HIS-411
CREDIT HOURS: 03

Course Objectives:
The purpose of this course is:
 To make students aware of the nature of historical knowledge andresearch.
 To introduce to the students of History the basic concepts and controversies
related to historical understanding.
 To inculcate among the students a sense of historical evolution of human
knowledge, development and progress
 To develop among the students of history an ability to understand the common
themes of historical knowledge.

Course Contents:
1. What is History?
Literal, terminological and conceptual meaning of history
History as Fact
History as Process
History as Narrative

2. Memory, Record and History

3. Nature of History:
Being and Becoming;
Continuity and Change;
Evolution, Progress and Development
Macrocosm & Microcosm: Time, Space, Causation,
Facts and opinion/ objectivity & Subjectivity

4. Utility, Benefits & importance of History:

History as a corrective/cohesive force;
History as a repetitive force
Continuity of History from Past to Future
Lessons from Past
Historical determinism, etc.
History as Mother of All Sciences/Knowledge

5. Epistemological nature of History:

Relationship of History with other forms of knowledge:
Natural Sciences
Social Sciences

45 | P a g e
 Literature and Arts

6. Forms and Classification of History

Suggested Readings:
1. Burke, Varieties of Cultural History, Cornell University Press, 1977
2. Carlo, Ginzburg. Clues. Myths, and the Historical Method, John Hopkins: University
Press,
1992
3. Carr, E. H., What is History? Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961
4. Cohn, Bernard. An Anthropologist among Historians and Other Essay, Oxford University
Press,
1988
5. Collingwood, R. G. The Idea of History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.
6. Daniels, Studying History: How and Why, New Jersey, 1981.
7. Gertrude Himmalfarb. The New History and the Old, Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1987
8. Govranski. History Meaning and Methods, USA, 1969
9. Hegel. Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Cambridge UniversityPress, 1991
10. Qadir, Khurram, Tarikh Nigari Nazriyat-o-Irtiqa, Lahore: Palgrave, 1994.
11. Qureshi, Muhammad Aslam. A Study of Historiography. Lahore: Pakistan Book Centre,
Latest
Edition.
12. Steedman. Caroline, Dust: The Archive and Cultural History, Manchester University
Press,
2002
13. Stern Fritz, .Varieties of History: from Voltaire to the Present, Vintage, nd Edition 1975
14. Tahir Kamran, The Idea of History Through Ages, Lahore: Progressive Publisher, 1993
15. Lemon, M. C., Philosophy of History, London: Routledge, 2003
16. Marwick, Arthur, The New Nature of History, London, 1989, pp.31-35.
17. Roberts, Geoffrey, ed., History and Narrative Reader, London: Routledge, 2001.
18. Shafique, Muhammad, British Historiography of South Asia: Aspects of Early Imperial
Patterns and Perceptions, Islamabad, NIHCR, Quaid-i- Azam University, 2016

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

COURSE CODE: SOC-413
CREDIT HOURS: 03
COURSE OBJECTIVES

 To equip student with the basic concepts of sociology and various social phenomenon.
 To familiar the students with social process on the basis of which society is smoothly
functioning
 To train students to understand and interpret objectively the role of social process, culture
and socialization in their lives.

COURSE CONTENTS:
Introduction
 Introduction, Scope, Nature, and Subject Matter of Sociology
 Historical background
 Sociology as a Science
 Relationship of Sociology with other Social Sciences
46 | P a g e
  Sociological perspectives in Sociology.
 Role of Sociologists in Society.

Group, Community and Society

 Definition, elements, characteristics of community and society.
 Difference between society and community.
 Various types of societies.
 Difference between rural and urban community.
 Definition and types of social group.
Culture
 Definition, aspects, characteristics, elements, and types of Culture
 Norms, values and social sanctions
 Cultural Universality, Variability, Relativism, Ethnocentrism and Xenocentrism
 Cultural Lag

Socialization & Personality Development

 Meaning, definition and Agencies of Socialization.
 Meaning and definition of self.
 Meaning, definition and types of Personality
 Responsible Factors in Personality Formation.
 Theories of socialization, self and personality development.
Role and Status
 Definition and types of role.
 Definition and types of status.
 Determinants of status

Social Processes
 Social interaction and forms of social interaction
 Cooperation
 Competition
 Conflict
 Assimilation and acculturation
 Accommodation
Social Stratification and Mobility
 Introduction, Definitions, Determinants and types of social stratification.
 Difference between caste and class.
 Theories of social stratification.
 Introduction, meaning and definition of social mobility.
 Dynamics and types of social mobility
 Difference between mobility and migration
 Advantages and disadvantages of social mobility.

Collective Behaviors and Social Movements

 Meaning, definitions, types and nature of collective behaviors.
 Meaning, definitions, types and theories of Crowed.
 Meaning, definitions, kinds, theories, and life cycle of social movements

COURSE RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Ballantine, Jeanne H. and Roberts, Keith A. (Condensed Version) 2010. Our Social World.
California: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publication.
2. Brown, Ken 2004. Sociology. United Kingdom: Polity Press

47 | P a g e
3. Brym, Robert J. and Lie, John. Sociology: Your compass for a new world (Brief Edition) 2007
Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.
4. Colander, David C. and Hunt, Elgin F. (Thirteenth Edition) (2010) Social Sciences: An
introduction to the study of Society. India: Pearson Education/Dorling Dindersley.
5. Gidden, Anthony 2002. Introduction to Sociology. UK: Polity Press.
6. Rao, C. N. Shankar (2008) ‗Sociology: Principles of Sociology with an Introduction to Social
Thoughts‘ New Delhi: S. Chand & Company.
7. James M. Henslin. (2004). Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach. Toronto: Allen and Bacon.
8. Macionis, John J. (2006). 10th Edition Sociology New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
9. Montuschi, Eleonora. (2006). The Objects of Social Sciences New York: Continuum.
10. Hortun, Paul B. and Hunt, Chester L. 1984. Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill,

Course Title: Introduction to Psychology

Course Code: PSY -411
Credit Hours: 03 Hours
Course Description
This course provides some basic knowledge of the key terms, facts and principles designed to aid the
students in understanding individual behaviour. Behaviour is analyzed and interpreted through activities
and discussion of such topics as motivation, emotion, perception, learning and intelligence.
Course Objectives
• To describe psychology with major areas in the field,
• To identify the parameters of this discipline. Distinguish between the major
perspectives on human thought and behaviour. Appreciate the variety of ways
psychological data are gathered and evaluated.
• To gain insight into human behaviour and into one's own personality or personal
relationships. Explore the ways that psychological theories are used to describe,
understand, predict, and control or modify behaviour.

Course Outlines
1. Introduction to Psychology:
a. Nature and Application of Psychology with special reference to Pakistan.
b. Historical Background and Schools of Psychology (A Brief Survey)

2. Methods of Psychology
a. Observation
b. Case History Method Experimental Method
c. Survey Method
d. Interviewing Techniques

3. Biological Basis of Behaviour

a. Neuron: Structure and Functions
b. Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
c. Endocrine Glands

4. Sensation, Perception and Attention

• Sensation
• Characteristics and Major Functions of Different Sensations
• Vision: Structure and function of the Eye
• Audition: Structure and functions of the Ear
48 | P a g e
 • Perception
• Nature of Perception
• Factors of Perception: Subjective, Objective and Social
• Kinds of Perception
• Spatial Perception
• Temporal Perception; Auditory Perception

• Attention
• Factors, Subjective and Objective
• Span of Attention
• Fluctuation of Attention
• Distraction of Attention (Causes and Control)

5. Motives
• Definition and Nature
• Classification

• Primary (Biogenic) Motives: Hunger, Thirst, Defection and Urination, Fatigue, Sleep,
Pain, Temperature, Regulation, Maternal Behaviour, Sex

• Secondary (Sociogenic) Motives: Play and Manipulation, Exploration and Curiosity,

Affiliation, Achievement and Power, Competition, Cooperation, Social Approval and
Self Actualization.

6. Emotions
• Definition and Nature
• Physiological changes during Emotions (Neural, Cardial, Visceral, Glandular),
• Theories of Emotion
• James Lange Theory; Canon-Brad Theory
• Schechter-Singer Theory

7. Learning
• Definition of Learning
• Types of Learning: Classical Operant Conditioning, Methods of Learning: Trial and
Error; Learning by Insight; Observational Learning

8. Memory
• Definition and Nature
• Memory Processes: Retention, Recall and Recognition
• Forgetting: Nature and Causes

9. Thinking
• Definition and Nature
• Tools of Thinking: Imagery, Language, Concepts
• Kinds of Thinking
• Problem Solving, Decision Making, Reasoning

Recommended Books
1. Atkinson R. C., & Smith E. E. (2000). Introduction to psychology (13th ed.). Harcourt
Brace College Publishers.
2. Fernald, L. D., & Fernald, P. S. (2005). Introduction to psychology. USA: WMC Brown
Publishers.

49 | P a g e
3. Glassman, W. E. (2000). Approaches to psychology. Open University Press. Hayes, N.
(2000). Foundation of psychology (3rd ed.). Thomson Learning. Lahey, B. B. (2004).
Psychology: An introduction (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. Leahey, T. H. (1992). A history of psychology: Main currents in psychological thought.
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
5. Myers, D. G. (1992). Psychology. (3rd ed.). New York: Wadsworth Publishers.
6. Ormord, J. E. (1995). Educational psychology: Developing learners. Prentice- Hall, Inc

Course Title: Introduction to Home Economics

Course Code: HECO- 311
Credit Hours: 3
Outline:
 Nature of Home Economics, Aims and Objective of Home Economics
 History of Home Economics
 Home Economics in Pakistan
 Home Economics as a profession, Scope of Home Economics as a profession
 Areas of Home Economics, Food and Nutrition Apparel And Textiles, Child
Development And Family Studies, Art and Design, Consumer Studies and Honoring
to Interior Design
 Method of teaching with special books recommended to Home Economics
 Lecture, ‗Demonstration‘ Laboratory ‗field trips ‗Role playing‘ Group Discussion.‘
 Role and Responsibilities of Home Economist towards family, Community and
Profession. Lab Outline

References
1. Sarah Stage, Virginia B. Vincenti Rethinking Home Economics: Women and the
History of a Profession; Cornell University Press (1997).
2. Barbara McAlvay Ferrar: The history of home economics education in America and
its implications for liberal education Michigan State University (1964).
3. Stephanie Heatwole Cooney; The first 50 years in service to home economics
educators: A history of the Home Economics Education Association, 1927-1977;
Home Economics Education Association (1977)
4. Rhea Shields, Rhea Shields PhD, Anna Williams Opportunities in Home Economics
Careers; McGraw-Hill; 1 edition (2000). 5. Henrietta Christina Fleck, Top of Form;
Fleck's Toward better teaching of home economics: 3rd Edition: 1980 Macmillan; 3rd
Edition (1980).

50 | P a g e
Course Title: Introduction to Law
Course Code: LAW-411
Credit Hours: 03

COURSE OBJECTIVE: To give knowledge about different sources of Muslim law and its
Importance to students in particular and Muslim society in general.

COURSE CONTENTS:
Introduction
 Definition of law and Muslim law
 Importance of law and Muslim law
 Subject matter of law and Muslim law.

Will (Wasiyat)

 Introduction and definition of will

 Forms of will (Wasiyat)
Gift (Hiba)

 Introduction of gift
 Definition of gift
 Essentials of gift
 Forms of gift (Hiba).

Waqf
 Introduction of Waqf
 Definition of Waqf
 Requisites of Waqf
 Principles of Waqf
 Forms of Waqf.
Marriage
 Introduction and definition
 Essentials of marriage.
 Differences between shia and sunni marriages.
 Valid (sahih)
 Irregular (fasid)
 Void (batil)
 Muta marriage.
Dower

 Introduction and definition of dower.

 Kinds of dower.

Divorce (Talaq)

 Introduction and definition of divorce

 Different modes and kinds of divorce (Talaq).

Explanation of Islamic jurisprudence.

Sources of islamic law:

51 | P a g e
  Quran,
 Sunnah and hadith,
 Ijma,qiyas,
 Masaleh-i-mursala-istislah,
 Ijtihad, and
 Taqlid.

COURSE RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Ahmad. Nazir. (2006). Muslim law & Islamic jurisprudence. Peshawar: islamia book
agency

Semester-V
# Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-511 Set Topology 3(3+0)
2 MATH-512 Differential Geometry 3(3+0)
3 MATH-513 Real Analysis- I 3(3+0)
4 MATH-514 Algebra-II (Rings and Fields) 3(3+0)
5 MATH-515 Functional Analysis-I 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 15(15+0)

MATH-511 Set Topology Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Contents: Motivation and introduction, sets and their operations, countable and uncountable
sets, cardinal and transfinite numbers. Topological spaces, open and closed sets, interior,
closure and boundary of a set, neighborhoods and neighborhood systems, isolated points,
some topological theorems, topology in terms of closed sets, limit points, the derived and
perfect sets, dense sets and separable spaces, topological bases, criteria for topological bases,
local bases, first and second countable spaces, relationship between separability and second
countablity, relative or induced topologies, necessary and sufficient condition for a subset of
a subspace to be open in the original space, induced bases. Metric spaces, topology induced
by a metric, equivalent topologies, formulation with closed sets, Cauchy sequence, complete
metric spaces, characterization of completeness, Cantor‘s intersection theorem, the
completion of metric space, metrizable spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. J. R. Munkres: Topology A First Course, (1975).
2. G. F. Simon: Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, (1963).
3. W. J. Pervin: Foundation of General Topology, (1965).

MATH-512 Differential Geometry Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: After having completed this course,the students would be expected to
understand classical concepts inthe local theory of curves and surfaces including normal,
principal,mean, curvature, and geodesics. They will also learn about tensors ofdifferent ranks.
Course Outline:

52 | P a g e
Theory of Space Curves: Introduction, index notation and summationconvention. Space
curves, arc length, tangent, normal and binormal.Osculating, normal and rectifying planes.
Curvature and torsion. TheFrenet-Serret theorem. Natural equation of a curve. Involutes and
evolutes, helices. Fundamental existence theorem of space curves.
Theory of Surfaces: Coordinate transformation. Tangent plane andsurface normal. The first
fundamental form and the metric tensor. Thesecond fundamental form. Principal, Gaussian,
mean, geodesic andnormal curvatures. Gauss and Weingarten equations. Gauss andCodazzi
equations.Tensor Analysis: Einstein summation convention. Tensors of differentranks.
Contravariant, covariant and mixed tensors. Addition,subtraction, inner and outer products of
tensors. Contraction theorem,quotient law. The line element and metric tensor. Christoffel
symbols.
Recommended Books:
1. R. S. Millman and G. D. Parker, Elements of DifferentialGeometry, Prentice-Hall, New
Jersey, 1977.
2. A. Goetz, Introduction to Differential Geometry, Addison-Wesley, 1970.
3. E. Kreyzig, Differential Geometry, Dover, 1991.
4. M. M. Lipschutz, Schaum‘s Outline of Differential Geometry,McGraw Hill, 1969.
5. D. Somasundaram, Differential Geometry, Narosa PublishingHouse, New Delhi. 2005.
6. M. R. Spiegel, Vector Analysis, McGraw Hill BookCompany, Singapore, 1981.
7. A. W. Joshi, Matrices and Tensors in Physics, Wiley EasternLimited, 1991.
8 F. Chorlton, Vector and Tensor Methods, Ellis HorwoodPublisher, U.K., 1977.

MATH-513 Real Analysis-I Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: At the end of this course the students will be able to understand the
basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs‘ development of various statements
by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion.
Prove various theorems about limits of sequences and functions and emphasize the proofs‘
development. Define continuity of a function and uniform continuity of a function, prove
various theorems about continuous functions and emphasize the proofs‘ development. Define
the derivative of a function of one variable, prove various theorems about the derivatives of
functions and emphasize the proofs‘ development. Define a cluster point and an accumulation
point, prove, Rolles‘s Theorem, extreme value theorem, boundedness theorem and the Mean
Value theorem and emphasize the proofs‘ development.
Course Outline:
Number Systems: Ordered fields. Rational, real and complexnumbers. Archimedean
property, supremum, infimum andcompleteness.
Sequences and Series of Real Numbers: Limits of sequences, The extended real number
system. Euclidean space, Numerical sequences, Limits superior and inferior,
Subsequences,algebra of limits. Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem. Cauchy sequences,liminf,
limsup. Limits of series, convergences tests, absolute andconditional convergence. Power
series.
Continuity: Functions, continuity and compactness, existence ofminimizers and maximizers,
uniform continuity. Continuity andconnectedness, Intermediate mean Value Theorem.
Monotonefunctions and discontinuities.
Differentiation: Mean Value Theorem, L‘Hopital‘s Rule, Taylor‘sTheorem.

53 | P a g e
Recommended Books:
1. S. Lang, Analysis I, Addison-Wesley Publ. Co.,Reading, Massachusetts, 1968.
2. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd ed., Mc.Graw15Hill, 1976.
3. B. S. Thomson, J. B. Bruckner and A. M. Bruckner, ElementaryReal Analysis, 2nd Ed.
2008.
4. G. Boros, V. Moll, Irresistible Integrals: Symbolics, Analysisan Experiments in the
Evaluation of Integrals, CambridgeUniversity Press, 2004.
5. J. Borwein, D. Bailey, R. Girgenson, Experimentation inMathematics: Computational
Paths to discovery, Wellesley, MA,A.K. Peters, 2004.
6. G. Bartle , R. Sherbert , Introduction to Real Analysis, 3rdedition, John Wiley, New York,
1999.

MATH- 514Algebra-II (Rings and Fields) Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Contents: Rings, Subrings, Ideals, Factor ring, Definitions and basic concepts,
Homomorphisms, Homomorphism theorems, Polynomial rings, Unique factorization domain,
Factorization theory, Euclidean domains, Arithmetic in Euclidean domains, Extension fields,
Algebraic and transcendental elements, Simple extension, Introduction to Galois theory,
Examples of finite fields, application of vector spaces to binary linear codes and Markov
(chain) Process, Application in Economics. Findings finite agebras through GAP.
Recommended Books:
1. S. J. Axler: Linear Algebra Done Right (1996).
2. B. Kolman and D. R. Hill: Introductory Linear Algebra with Applications, (2001).
3. D. S. Dummit and R.M. Foote: Abstract Algebra, (2002).
4. K. Nomizu: Fundamentals of Linear Algebra, (1966).

MATH-515 Functional Analysis-I Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: This course extends methods of linear algebra and analysis to spaces
of functions, in which the interaction between algebra and analysis allows powerful methods
to be developed. The course will be mathematically sophisticated and will use ideas both
from linear algebra and analysis.
Course Outline:
Metric Space: Review of metric spaces, Convergence in metric spaces, Complete metric
spaces, Dense sets and separable spaces, No-where dense sets, Baire category theorem.
Normed Spaces: Normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, Equivalent norms, Linear operator,
Finite dimensional normed spaces, Continuous and bounded linear operators, Dual spaces.
Inner Product Spaces: Definition and examples, Orthonormal sets and bases, Annihilators,
projections, Linear functionals on Hilbert spaces. Reflexivity of Hilbert spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. A. V. Balakrishnan, Applied Functional Analysis, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
1981.
2. J. B. Conway, A Course in Functional Analysis, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag,Berlin,1997.
3. K. Yosida, Functional Analysis, 5th ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995.
4. E. Kreyszig, Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley and Sons,
2004.

54 | P a g e
 Semester-VI
# Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-521 Classical Mechanics 3(3+0)
2 MATH-522 Partial Differential Equations 3(3+0)
3 MATH-523 Functional Analysis-II 3(3+0)
4 MATH-524 Complex Analysis 3(3+0)
5 MATH-525 Real Analysis-II 3(3+0)
6 MATH-526 Numerical Methods 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 18(18+0)

MATH-521 Classical Mechanics Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: To provide solid understanding ofclassical mechanics and enable the
students to use thisunderstanding while studying courses on quantum mechanics,
statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, fluid dynamics, space-flight dynamics,
astrodynamics and continuum mechanics.
Course Outline:
Kinematics: Rectilinear motion of particles. Uniform rectilinear motion,uniformly
accelerated rectilinear motion. Curvilinear motion of particle,rectangular components of
velocity and acceleration. Tangential andnormal components. Radial and transverse
components. Projectilemotion.
Kinetics: Work, power, kinetic energy, conservative force fields.Conservation of energy,
impulse, torque. Conservation of linear andangular momentum. Non-conservative forces.
Simple Harmonic Motion: The simple harmonic oscillator, period,frequency. Resonance
and energy. The damped harmonic oscillator,over damped, critically damped and under
damped. Motion, forces andvibrations.
Central Forces and Planetary Motion: Central force fields, equationsof motion, potential
energy, orbits. Kepler‘s law of planetary motion.Apsides and apsidal angles for nearly
circular orbits. Motion in aninverse square field.
Planer Motion of Rigid Bodies: Introduction to rigid and elasticbodies, degree of freedom,
translations, rotations, instantaneous axisand center of rotation, motion of the center of mass.
Euler‘s theoremand Chasles‘ theorem. Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis,moments
and products of inertia. Parallel and perpendicular axistheorem.
Motion of Rigid Bodies in Three Dimensions: General motion ofrigid bodies in space. The
momental ellipsoid and equimomentalsystems. Angular momentum vector and rotational
kinetic energy.Principal axes and principal moments of inertia. Determination ofprincipal
axes by diagonalizing the inertia matrix.
Euler Equations of Motion of a Rigid Body: Force free motion. Freerotation of a rigid body
with an axis of symmetry. Free rotation of arigid body with three different principal
moments. The Eulerian angles,angular velocity and kinetic energy in terms of Euler angles.
Motion ofa spinning top and gyroscopes-steady precession, sleeping top.
Recommended Books:
1. E. DiBenedetto, Classical Mechanics. Theory andMathematical Modeling, ISBN: 978-0-
8176-4526-7,Birkhauser Boston, 2011.

55 | P a g e
2. John R. Taylor, Classical Mechanics, ISBN: 978-1-891389-22-1, University of Colorado,
2005.
3. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, Addison-Wesley PublishingCo., 1980.
4. C. F. Chorlton, Text Book of Dynamics, Ellis Horwood, 1983.
5. M. R. Spiegel, Theoretical Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Addison-WesleyPublishing Company,
2004.
6. G. R. Fowles and G. L. Cassiday, Analytical Mechanics, 7thedition, Thomson
Brooks/COLE, USA, 2005.

MATH-522 Partial Differential Equations Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Specific Objectives of course: Partial Differential Equations (PDEs)are at the heart of

applied mathematics and many other scientificdisciplines. The course aims at developing
understanding aboutfundamental concepts of PDEs theory, identification and classification
of their different types, how they arise in applications, and analyticalmethods for solving
them. Special emphasis would be on wave, heatand Laplace equations.
Course Outline:
First order PDEs: Introduction, formation of PDEs, solutions of PDEsof first order, The
Cauchy‘s problem for quasilinear first order PDEs,First order nonlinear equations, Special
types of first order equations
Second order PDEs: Basic concepts and definitions, Mathematicalproblems, Linear
operators, Superposition, Mathematical models: Theclassical equations, the vibrating string,
the vibrating membrane,conduction of heat solids, canonical forms and variable, PDEs of
second order in two independent variables with constant and variablecoefficients, Cauchy‘s
problem for second order PDEs in twoindependent variables
Methods of separation of variables: Solutions of elliptic, parabolicand hyperbolic PDEs in
Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates
Laplace transform: Introduction and properties of Laplace transform,transforms of
elementary functions, periodic functions, error functionand Dirac delta function, inverse
Laplace transform, convolutiontheorem, solution of PDEs by Laplace transform, Diffusion
and waveequations
Fourier transforms: Fourier integral representation, Fourier sine andcosine representation,
Fourier transform pair, transform of elementaryfunctions and Dirac delta function, finite
Fourier transforms, solutionsof heat, wave and Laplace equations by Fourier transforms.
Recommended Books:
1. Myint UT, Partial Differential Equations for Scientists andEngineers, 3rdedition, North
Holland, Amsterdam, 1987.
2. Dennis G. Zill, Michael R. Cullen, Differential equationswith boundary value problems,
Brooks Cole, 2008.
3. John Polking, Al Boggess, Differential Equations withBoundary Value Problems, 2nd
Edition, Pearson,July 28, 2005.
4. J. Wloka, Partial Differential Equations, Cambridge Universitypress, 1987.

56 | P a g e
MATH- 523 Functional Analysis-II Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
The Hahn-Banach theorem, principle of uniform boundedness, open mapping theorem,
closed graph theorem, Weak topologies and the Banach-Alouglu theorem, extreme points and
theKlein-Milmantheorem.
The dual and bi-dual spaces, reflexive spaces, compact operators, Spectrum and eigenvalues
of an operator, elementary spectral theory.
Recommended Books:
1. Kreyszing, E., Introductory Functional Analysis and Applications, John Wiley, 1973.
2. Taylor, A.E., and Lay, D.C., Introduction of Functional Analysis, John Wiley, 1979.
3. Heuser, H.G., Functional Analysis, John Wiley, 1982.
4. Groetsch, C.W., Elements of Applicable Functional Analysis, Marcel Dekker, 1980.

MATH- 524 Complex Analysis Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: This is an introductory course incomplex analysis, giving the basics of
the theory along with applications, with an emphasis on applications of complex analysis and
especially conformal mappings. Students should have a background in real analysis (as in the
course Real Analysis I), including the ability to write a simple proof in an analysis context.
Course Outline:
Introduction: The algebra of complex numbers, Geometric representation of complex
numbers, Powers and roots of complex numbers.
Functions of Complex Variables: Definition, limit and continuity, Branches of functions,
Differentiable and analytic functions. The Cauchy-Riemann equations, Entire functions,
Harmonic functions, Elementary functions: The exponential, Trigonometric, Hyperbolic,
Logarithmic and Inverse elementary functions, Open mapping theorem. Maximum modulus
theorem.
Complex Integrals: Contours and contour integrals, Cauchy-Goursat theorem, Cauchy
integral formula, Lioville‘s theorem, Morerea‘s theorem.
Series: Power series, Radius of convergence and analyticity, Taylor‘s and Laurent‘s series,
Integration and differentiation of power series. Singularities, Poles and residues: Zero,
singularities, Poles and Residues, Types of singular points, Calculus of residues, contour
integration, Cauchy‘s residue theorem with applications. Mobius transforms, Conformal
mappings and transformations.
Recommended Books:
1. R. V. Churchill, J. W. Brown, Complex Variables and Applications , 5th edition, McGraw
Hill, New York, 1989.
2. J. H. Mathews and R. W. Howell, Complex Analysis for Mathematics and Engineering,
2006.
3. S. Lang, Complex Analysis, Springer-Verlag, 1999.
4. R. Remmert, Theory of Complex Functions, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
5. W. Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1987.

57 | P a g e
MATH-525 Real Analysis II Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Specific Objectives of course: A continuation of Real Analysis I, this course will continue to
cover the fundamentals of real analysis, concentrating on the Riemann-Stieltjes integrals,
Functions of Bounded Variation, Improper Integrals, and convergence of series. Emphasis
would be on proofs of main results.
Course Outline:
The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals: Definition and existence of integrals. Properties of
integrals. Fundamental theorem of calculus and its applications. Change of variable theorem.
Integration by parts.
Functions of Bounded Variation: Definition and examples. Properties of functions of
bounded variation.
Improper Integrals: Types of improper integrals, tests for convergence of improper
integrals. Beta and gamma functions. Absolute and conditional convergence of improper
integrals.
Sequences and Series of Functions: Power series, definition of point-wise and uniform
convergence. Uniform convergence and continuity. Uniform convergence and differentiation.
Examples of uniform convergence.
Fourier series; Orthogonal functions, Legendre, Hermite and Laguerre polynomials,
Convergence in the mean. Fourier-Legendre and Fourier-Bessel series, Bessel inequality,
Parseval equality. Convergence of the trigonometric Fourier series.
Recommended Books:
1. S. Lang, Analysis I, II, Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Reading,Massachusetts,1968,1969.
2. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1976.
3. K. R. Davidson and A. P. Donsig, Real Analysis with Real Applications, Prentice Hall
Inc., Upper Saddle River, 2002.
4. G. B. Folland, Real Analysis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1999.
5. E. Hewitt and K. Stromberg, Real and Abstract Analysis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Heidelberg New York, 1965.
6. H. L. Royden, Real Analysis, 3rd Edition, Macmillan, New York, 1988.
7. G. Bartle , R. Sherbert , Introduction to Real Analysis, 3rd edition, John Wiley, New York,
1999.

MATH-526 Numerical Methods Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Numerical Solution of Non-linear Equations: The bisection method, the method of false
position, the Newton-Raphson method, Rate of convergence of iterative methods.
Eigen value problems: Rutishauser method, the power and inverse power method, Jacobi's
method, Given's method and House-holder's method. Numerical solutions of simultaneous
linear algebraic equations: Solution by matrix inversion methods and Iterative methods
(Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, Successive over relaxation), convergence of iterative methods.
The error of interpolating polynomials. Finite difference operators (forward, backward,
central, average and shift) and tables. Newton's forward and backward difference formulas.

58 | P a g e
Numerical integration: The Rectangular, Trapezoidal and Simpson rules. Romberg
integration. Method of undetermined coefficients.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. W. A. Smith, Elementary Numerical Analysis, Harper &Row Pub. Int., 1979.
2.C. E. Froberg, Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Addsion-Wesley Co., 1974.
3.M. K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering Comp., Wiley E. Ltd, 1985.
4.R. L. Burden, J. D. Faires, Introduction to Numerical Analysis. 8th Ed, 2004.

Semester-VII
# Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-611 Numerical Analysis 3(3+0)
2 MATH-612 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 3(3+0)
3 MATH-613 Mathematical Methods 3(3+0)
4 MATH- E-1 3(3+0)
5 MATH- E-2 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 15(15+0)

MATH-611 Numerical Analysis Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: This course is designed to teach the students about numerical methods
and their theoretical bases. The course aims at inculcating in the students the skill to apply
various techniques in numerical analysis, understand and do calculations about errors that can
occur in numerical methods and understand and be able to use the basics of matrix analysis.
Course Outline:
Error analysis: Floating point arithmetic, approximations and errors.
Interpolation and polynomial approximation: Lagrange interpolation, Newton‘s divided
difference formula, forward, backward and centered difference formulae, interpolation with a
cubic spline, Hermite interpolation, least squares approximation.
Numerical differentiation: Forward, backward and central difference formulae,
Richardson‘s extrapolation.
Numerical integration: Rectangular rule, trapezoidal rule, Simpson‘s 1/3 and 3/8 rules,
Boole‘s and Weddle‘s rules, Newton-Cotes formulae, Gaussian quadrature.
Difference Equations:
Numerical solutions of Differential equations: Numerical Solution of ODEs (Taylors‘
series methods, Euler and Modified Euler Methods, RK methods, Predictor Corrector
Methods), Numerical Solutions of PDEs (Finite difference method)
Recommended Books:
1. C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education,
Singapore, 2005.
2. R. L. Burden and J. D. Faires: Numerical Analysis, latest edition, PWS Pub. Co.
3. J.H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics, latest Edition, Prentice Hall
International.
4. S. C. Chapra and R. P. Canale: Numerical Methods for Engineers, 6th edition, McGraw
Hill.

59 | P a g e
5. W. E. Boyce, R. C. DiPrima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value
Problems, John Wiley \& Sons, Inc., 2001.
6. L. Debnath, Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers,
Birkhauser-Boston, 2005.
7. Alexander Komech, Andrew Komech, Principles of Partial Differential Equations,
Springer-New York, 2009.
8. H. Richard, Elementary Applied Partial Differential Equations, Prentice-Hall International,
Inc., London 1987.
9. Weinberger, Hans F., A First Course in Partial Differential Equations with Complex
Variables and Transform Methods, Dover Publications, Inc., 1995.
10. R. Kent Nagle, Edward B. Saff, Arthur David Snider, Fundamentals of Differential
Equations, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 2000.

MATH-612 Affine and Euclidean Geometry Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: To familiarize mathematics students with the axiomatic approach to

geometry from a logical, historical, and pedagogical point of view and introduce them with
the basic concepts of Affine Geometry, Affine spaces and Platonic Ployhedra.
Course Outline:
Vector spaces and affine geometry: Collinearity of three points, ratio
AB/BC. Linear combinations and linear dependent set versus affine combinations and affine
dependent sets. Classical theorems in affine geometry: Thales, Menelaus, Ceva, Desargues.
Affine subspaces, affine maps. Dimension of a linear subspace and of an affine
subspace.
Euclidean geometry: Scalar product, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality: norm of a vector,
distance between two points, angles between two non-zero vectors. Pythagoras theorem,
parallelogram law, cosine and sine rules. Elementary geometric loci.
Orthogonal transformations: Isometries of plane (four types), Isometries of space (six
types). Orthogonal bases.
Platonic polyhedra: Euler theorem on finite planar graphs. Classification of regular
polyhedra in space. Isometries of regular polygons and regular polyhedra
Recommended Books:
1. E. Rees, Notes on Geometry, Springer, 2004.
2. M. A. Armstrong, Groups and Symmetry, Springer, 1998.
3. H. Eves, Fundamentals of Modern Elementary Geometry, Jones and Bartlett Publishers
International, 1992
4. S. Stahl, The Poincare Half-Plane A Gateway to Modern Geometry, Jones and Bartlett
Publishers International, 1993.

MATH-613 Mathematical Methods Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: The main objective of this course is to provide the students with a
range of mathematical methods that are essential to the solution of advanced problems
encountered in the fields of applied physics and engineering. In addition this course is
intended to prepare the students with mathematical tools and techniques that are required in
advanced courses offered in the applied physics and engineering programs.

60 | P a g e
Course Outline:
Fourier Methods: The Fourier transforms. Fourier analysis of the generalized functions. The
Laplace transforms. Hankel transforms for the solution of PDEs and their application to
boundary value problems.
Green’s Functions and Transform Methods: Expansion for Green‘s functions. Transform
methods. Closed form Green‘s functions.
Perturbation Techniques: Perturbation methods for algebraic equations. Perturbation
methods for differential equations.
Variational Methods: Euler-Lagrange equations. Integrand involving one, two, three and n
variables. Special cases of Euler-Lagrange‘s equations. Necessary conditions for existence of
an extremum of a functional. Constrained maxima and minima.
Recommended Books:
1. D. L. Powers, Boundary Value Problems and Partial Differential Equations, 5th edition,
Academic Press, 2005.
2. W. E. Boyce, Elementary Differential Equations, 8th edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2005.
3. M. L. Krasnov, G. I. Makarenko and A. I. Kiselev, Problems and Exercises in the Calculus
of Variations, Imported Publications,Inc., 1985.
4. J. W. Brown and R. V. Churchil, Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems, McGraw
Hill, 2006.
5. A. D. Snider, Partial Differential Equations: Sources and Solutions, Prentice Hall Inc., 1

Semester-VIII
# Course code Course title Credit hours
1 MATH-621 Probability Theory 3(3+0)
2 MATH-622 Integral Equations 3(3+0)
3 MATH-623 Project 3(3+0)
4 MATH- E-3 3(3+0)
5 MATH- E-4 3(3+0)
Total Cr. Hrs 15(15+0)

MATH-621 Probability Theory Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: A prime objective of the course is to introduce the students to the
fundamentals of probability theory and present techniques and basic results of the theory and
illustrate these concepts with applications. This course will also present the basic principles
of random variables and random processes needed in applications.
Course Outline:
Finite probability spaces: Basic concept, probability and related frequency, combination of
events, examples, Independence, Random variables, Expected value. Standard deviation and
Chebyshev's inequality. Independence of random variables. Multiplicativity of the expected
value. Additivity of the variance, Discrete probability distribution.

61 | P a g e
Probability as a continuous set function: sigma-algebras, examples. Continuous random
variables, Expectation and variance. Normal random variables and continuous probability
distribution.
Applications: de Moivre-Laplace limit theorem, weak and strong law of large numbers. The
central limit theorem, Markov chains and continuous Markov process.
Recommended Books:
1. M. Capinski, E. Kopp, Measure, Integral and Probability, Springer-Verlag, 1998.
2. R. M. Dudley, Real Analysis and Probability, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
3. S. I. Resnick, A Probability Path, Birkhauser, 1999.
4. S. Ross, A first Course in Probability Theory, 5th ed., Prentice Hall, 1998.
5. Robert B. Ash, Basic Probability Theory, Dover. B, 2008.

MATH-622 Integral Equations Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course: Many physical problems that areusually solved by differential

equation methods can be solved moreeffectively by integral equation methods. This course
will help studentsgain insight into the application of advanced mathematics and guidethem
through derivation of appropriate integral equations governingthe behavior of several
standard physical problems.
Course Outline:
Linear integral equations of the first kind, Linear integral equations ofthe second kind.
Relationship between differential equation andVolterra integral equation. Neumann series.
Fredholm Integralequation of the second kind with separable Kernels. Eigenvalues and
eigenvectors. Iterated functions. Quadrature methods. Least squaremethods. Homogeneous
integral equations of the second kind.Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. Fredholm
integralequations of the second kind. Abel‘s integral equations. HilbertSchmidt theory of
integral equations with symmetric Kernels.Regularization and filtering techniques.
Recommended Books:
1. C. T. H. Baker, Integral Equations, Clarendon Press, 1977.
2. F. Smithies, Integral Equations, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
3. A. M. Wazwaz, A first Course in Integral Equations, WorldScientific Pub., 1989.
4. W. V. Lovitt, Linear Integral Equations, Dover Publications, 2005.

Elective Courses for BS Mathematics

# Course code Course title Credit hours

1 MATH-631 Measure Theory 3(3+0)
2 MATH-632 Rings and Modules 3(3+0)
3 MATH-633 Group Action 3(3+0)
4 MATH-634 Algebraic Topology 3(3+0)
5 MATH-635 Group Theory-II 3(3+0)
6 MATH-636 Graph Theory 3(3+0)
7 MATH-637 Galois Theory 3(3+0)
8 MATH-638 Riemannian Geometry 3(3+0)
9 MATH-639 Lie Algebra 3(3+0)
10 MATH-640 Fluid Mechanics 3(3+0)

62 | P a g e
 11 MATH-641 General Relativity 3(3+0)
12 MATH-642 Special Relativity 3(3+0)
13 MATH-643 Electromagnetism 3(3+0)
14 MATH-644 Mathematical Modelling 3(3+0)
15 MATH-645 Optimization Theory 3(3+0)
16 MATH-646 Ring Theory 3(3+0)
17 MATH-647 Introduction to Algebraic geometry 3(3+0)
18 MATH-648 Continuous Groups 3(3+0)
19 MATH-649 Introduction to Combinotorics 3(3+0)
20 MATH-650 Introductions to Algebraic Systems (Optional) 3(3+0)
21 MATH-651 Simulation 3(3+0)
22 MATH-652 Dynamics 3(3+0)
23 MATH-653 Mathematical Physics 3(3+0)
24 MATH-654 Special Functions 3(3+0)
25 MATH-655 Computational Fluid Dynamics 3(3+0)
26 MATH-656 Quantum Mechanics 3(3+0)
27 MATH-657 History of Mathematics 3(3+0)
28 MATH-658 Axiomatic Set Theory 3(3+0)
29 MATH-659 Lie Groups 3(3+0)
30 MATH-660 Pointless Topology 3(3+0)
31 MATH-661 Category Theory 3(3+0)
32 MATH-662 Econometrics 3(3+0)
33 MATH-663 Statistical Inferences 3(3+0)
34 MATH-664 Convex Analysis 3(3+0)
33 MATH-665 Bio Mathematics 3(3+0)
34 MATH-666 Modules over PID 3(3+0)
35 MATH-667 Geometric Function Theory 3(3+0)
36 MATH-668 Optimization Theory 3(3+0)
38 MATH-669 Linear Dynamical System I 3(3+0)
39 MATH-670 Linear Dynamical System II 3(3+0)
Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential
40 MATH-671 3(3+0)
Equations
Course Contents for BS Mathematics (Elective Courses)

MATH-632 Rings and Modules Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Rings and modules, decomposition of modules, decomposition theorem, the primary
decomposition theorem, The primary decomposition, Abelian groups as Z-modules, Abelian
groups, Sylow‘s theorem, linear transformation and matries, invariants and the Jordan
canonical form, the rational canonical form theorem - (linear transformation version), The
Jordan canonical form theorem, conjugacy classes in general linear groups.
Recommended Books:
1. Blyth, T., Module theory, O.U.P., Oxford, 1977.
2. Hartley, B. and Hawkes, T., Rings, modules and linear algebra, Chapman, G.,
Lecture Nortes on Modules, Michigan University Press.

63 | P a g e
MATH-633 Group Action Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Course Outline:
Actions of Groups, Permutation representation, Equivalence of actions, Regular
representation, Cosets spaces, Linear groups and vector spaces. Affine group and affine
spaces, Transitivity and orbits, Partition of G-spaces into orbits, Orbits as conjugacy class
Computation of orbits, The classification of transitive G-spaces Catalogue of all transitive G-
spaces up to G-isomorphism, One-one correspondence between the right coset of Ga and the
G-orbit, G-isomorphism between coset spaces and conjugation in G. Simplicity of A5,
Frobenius-Burnside lemma, Examples of morphisms, G-invariance, Relationship between
morphisms and congruences, Order preserving one-one correspondences between
congruences on Ω and subrroups H of G that contain the stabilizer Gα. The alternating
groups, Linear groups, Projective groups, Mobius groups, Orthogonal groups, unitary groups,
Cauchy‘s theorem, P-groups, Sylow P-subgroups, Sylow theorems, Simplicity of An when
n > 5.
Recommended Books:
1. J.S. Rose, A Course on Group Theory, Cambridge University Press, 1978.
2. H. Wielandt, Finite Permutation Groups. Academic Press, 1964.
3. J.B. Fraleigh, A Course in Algebra, Addison-Wesley 1982.

MATH-635 Group Theory-II Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Group action, solvable and nilpotent groups, P-groups, upper and lower central series, finitely
generated abelian groups,T-groups, Dedekind groups, subnormal subgroups, characteristic
groups, Wielandt subgroups, Wielandt theorem, Frattini subgroups, fitting subgroups, Socle
subgroups, Endomorphism and Automorphism, power automorphism of groups, universal
power automorphism, simple groups.(Definition and examples). Direct product of groups,
Sylow groups and Sylow theorems, normal series of a group, refinement theorem,
composition series and Jordan Holder theorem
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. J. B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Algebra, Addison Wesley Co., 1976.
2. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Ginn & Co.
3. P. M. Cohn, Algebra Vol. I & II, John Wiley & Sons.
4. A. Majeed, Theory of Groups, University Grant Commission.
5. T. S. Blyth, E. F. Robertson, Essential student Algebra, Vol I-V, Chapman & Hall, 1986.
6. T. S. Blyth, E. F. Robertson, Algebra Through Practice, Book I-VI, CUP, 1984.

MATH-636 Graph Theory Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Undirected graphs, Geometric graphs, Abstract graphs, Isomorphism, Edge progressions
chains and circuits rank and nullity, Degrees, Trees. Bipartite graphs, Unicursal graphs,
Hamiltonian Graphs. Directed graphs, Arc Progressions, paths progression and cycle
progression.
Partition and distances in graphs, edge partitions, Arc partitions, Hamiltonian chains and
circuits, vertex partitions, radius and diameter, minimal length problem. Foundation of
electrical network theory. Matrix representation, the incidence matrix, the circuit matrix, the

64 | P a g e
cut-set matrix, the vertex or adjacency matrix, the path matrix. Network Flows, network flow
problems.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. R. G. Busacker, T. L. Seaty, Finite graphs and Networks', An introduction with
applications', McGraw Hill Book Company.
2. R. J. Wilson, Introduction to Graph Theory, Longman Scientific and Technical, 1985.
Wai-Kaichen,Applied graph Theory "graphs and electrical networks, North-Holland
Pub., 1976. Bela Bollobas,Advances in Graph Theory.

MATH-637 Galois Theory Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Integral domains and Fields, Homomorphisms and ideals, Quotient Rings, Polynomial rings
in one indeterminate over Fields, Prime ideals and Maximal ideals, irreducible Polynomials.
Algebraic and Transcendental field extensions, Simple Extensions, Composite Extensions,
Splitting Fields, The Degree of an Extension, Ruler and Compass Constructions. Normality
and Separability.
Circle Division, The Galois Group, Toots of Unity, Solvability by Radicals, Galois
extensions, The Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory, Galois‘s Great Theorem,
Algebraically Closed Fields.

Recommended Books:

1. Joseph Rotman, ―Galois Theory‖, Springer-Veriog, New York, Inc. (2005)

2. Lan Steward, ―Galois Theory‖, Chapman & Hall, New York (2004)
3. David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, ―Abstract Algebra‖, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc, New York (2002).

MATH-640 Fluid Mechanics Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Viscous Fluids: Review of the basics of fluids, Two-dimensional motion, stream function,
complex potential and some potential flows; sources, sinks and doublets; Circle theorem;
Method of images; Blasius theorem; Aerofoil and the theorem of Kutta and Joukowski;
Vortex motion; Karman‘s vortex street. Viscous Fluids, constitutive equations; Navier-
Stokes equations; Exact solutions of Navier-stokes equations, Steady unidirectional flow;
Poiseuille flow, Couette flow, Unsteady Unidirectional flow; sudden motion of a plane
boundary in a fluid at rest, flow due to an oscillatory boundary, Equations of motion relative
to a rotating system, Ekman flow, Dynamical similarity and the Reynolds number, Boundary
layer concept and its governing equations; Flow over a flat plate (Blasius solution); Reynolds
equations of turbulent motion.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. I. G. Currie, Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids, McGraw-Hill Co., 1974.
2. Schlichting, Boundary Layer Theory, McGraw-Hill Co., 1979.
3. F. Chorltan, Fluids Dynamics, CBS Pub. & Dist., 1985.
4. F. M. White, Introduction to fluid mechanics.
5. Fox, McDonald, Introduction to fluid mechanics.

65 | P a g e
MATH-641 General Relativity Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Course Outline:
The Einstein field equations. The principles of general relativity. The stress-energy
momentum tensor. The vacuum Einstein equations and the Schwarzschild solution. The three
classical tests of general relativity. The homogeneous sphere and the interior Schwarzschild
solution. Birkhoff‘s theorem. The Reissner-Nordstrom solution and the generalised
Birkhoff‘s theorem. The Kerr and Kerr-Newman solution. Essential and coordinate
singularities. Event horizon and black holes. Eddington-Finkelstein. Kruskal-Szekres
coordinates. Penrose diagrams for Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordstrom solutions.
Recommended Books:
1. Wald, R.M., Introduction to General Relativity, University of Chicago Press,
Chicago,1984.
2. Adler, R., Bazine, M., and Schiffer, M., Introduction to General Relativity, McGraw- Hill
Inc.,1965.
3. Rindler, W., Essential Relativity, Springer Verlag 1977.

MATH- 642 Special Relativity Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Historical background and fundamental concepts of Special theory of Relativity. Lorentz
transformations (for motion along one axis). Length contraction, Time dilation and
simultaneity. Velocity addition formulae. 3-dimensional Lorentz transformations.
Introduction to 4-vector formalism. Lorentz transformations in the 4-vector formalism. The
Lorentz and Poincare groups. Introduction to classical Mechanics. Minkowski spacetime and
null cone. 4-velocity, 4-momentum and 4-force. Application of Special Relativity to Doppler
shift and Compton effect. Particle scattering. Binding energy, particle production and decay.
Electromagnetism in Relativity. Electric current. Maxwell‘s equations and electromagnetic
waves. The 4-vector formulation of Maxwell‘s equations. Special Relativity with small
acceleration.
Recommended Books:
1. Qadir, A. Relativity, An Introduction to the Special Theory, World Scientific, 1989.
2. D‘ Inverno. R., Introducing Einstein‘s Relativity, Oxford University Press, 1992.
3. Goldstein, H., Classical Mechanics, Addison Wesley, New York, 1962.
4. Jackson, J.D., Classical Electrodynamics, John Wiley, New York, 1962.
5. Rindler, W., Essential Relativity, Springer-Verlag, 1977.

MATH-645 Optimization Theory Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Linear programming: simplex method, duality theory, dualand primal-dual simplex methods.
Unconstrained optimization: optimality conditions, one-dimensional problems, multi-
dimensional problems and the method of steepest descent. Constrained optimization with
equality constraints: optimality conditions, Lagrange multipliers, Hessians and bordered
Hessians. Inequality constraints and the Kuhn-Tucker Theorem. The calculus of variations,
the Euler-Lagrange equations, functionals depending on several variables, variational
problems in parametric form, transportation models and networks.
Recommended Books:
1. Elsgolts L, Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations, 1970, Mir
66 | P a g e
 Publishers, Moscow
2. Gotfried BS, Weisman J, Introduction to Optimization Theory, 1973, Prentice
Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA
3. Luenberger DG, Introduction to Linear and Non-Linear Programming, 1973,
Addision-Wesley, Reading, Ma, USA

MATH-646 Ring Theory Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Rings and Fields, Integral domains ,ideals, Operations on ideals, quotient rings and
homomorphism of rings. Isomorphism, Isomorphism theorems, Embedability of an integral
domain in a field, Field of quotients, Maximal and Prime ideals and their properties,
Divisibility theory in integral domains, Polynomial rings, Division Algorithm, Remainder
theorem, Field extensions.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. J. B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Algebra, Addison Wesley Co., 1976.
2. I. N. Herstein, Topic in Algebra, Ginn & Co.
3. P. M. Cohn, Algebra Vol. I & II, John Wiley & Sons.
4. Burton, A First Course in Rings & Ideals, Addison Wesley Co.
5. J. Lambek, Lectures on Rings & Modules, Blaisdel.
6. T. S. Blyth, E.F. Robertson, Essential student Algebra, Vol I-V, Chapman & Hall, 1986.
7. T. W. Hungerford, Abstract Algebra: An Introduction

MATH-647 Introduction to Algebraic geometry Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Algebraic varieties: Affine algebraic varieties, Hibert basis Theorem, Decomposition of
variety into irreducible components, Hibert‘s Nulttstellensatz, The Sectrum of a Ring,
Projective variety and the homogeneous Spectrum.
Functions and Morphisms: Some properties of Zariski topology, Rings and modules of
functions and their properties, Coordinate ring and polynomial functions, Polynomial maps,
Regular and rational functions, Morphisms, Rational maps.

Dimension: The Krull dimension of Topological Spaces and Rings, Prime Ideal Chain and
Integral Extensions, The Dimension of Affine Algebras and Affine Algebraic Varieties, The
Dimension of Projective Varieties.
Applications: The product of varieties, On dimension, Tangent space and smoothness,
Completeness.
Recommended Books:
1. O. Zariski and P. Samual, Commutative Algebra, Vol. 1, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.
J., 1958.
2. M.F. Atiyah and I. G. Macdonald, Introduction to Commutative Algebra, Addison
Wesley Pub. Co., 1969.
3. I.R. Shafarevich, Basic Algebraic Geometry, Springer Verlag, 1974.
4. R. Hartshorne, Algebraic Geometry, Springer Verlag, 1977.
67 | P a g e
 5. E, Kunz, Introduction to Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry, Boston;
Basel; Stuttgrat: Birkhauser, 1985.

MATH-648 Continuous Groups Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Continuous Groups; Gl(n,R), Gl(n,C), So(p,q), Sp(2n); generalities on continuous groups;
groups of isometries, classification of two and three dimensional Euclidean space according
to their isometries; introduction to Lie groups with special emphasis on matrix Lie groups;
relationship of isometries and Lie group; theorem of Cartan; correspondence of continuous
groups with Lie algebras; classification of groups of low dimensions; homogeneous spaces
and orbit types; curvature of invariant metrics on Lie groups and homogeneous spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. Bredon, G.E., Introduction to compact transformation groups, Academic Press, 1972.
2. Eisenhart, L.P., Continuous groups of transformations, Priceton U.P., 1933.
3.Pontrjagin, L.S., Topological groups, Princeton University Press, 1939.
4. Husain Taqdir., Introduction to Topological Groups, W.B. Saunder‘s Company,1966.
5.Miller Willard, Jr., Symmetry groups and their application, Academic Press New York and
London 1972.

MATH-649 Introduction to Combinatorics Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
To basic counting principles, Permutations, Combinations. The injective and bijective
principles, Arrangements and selections with repetitions. Graphs in Combinatorics.The
Binomial theorem, combinatorial identities. Properties of binomial coefficients, Multinomial
coefficients, The multinomial theorem. The Pigeonhole principle, Examples, Ramsay
numbers, The principle of inclusion and exclusion, Generalization. Integer solutions.
Surjective mapping, Stirling numbers of the second kind, The Sieve of Eratostheries, Eulerφ-
function, The Probleme des Manages. Ordinary Generating Functions, Modelling
problems. Partition of integers, Exponential generating functions. Linear homogeneous
recurrence relations, Algebraic solutions of linear recurrence relations and constant functions,
The method of generating functions, A non-linear recurrence relation and Catalpa numbers
Recommended Books:
1. A Tucker, Applied Combinatorics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2nd Edition, 1985.
2. C.C. Chen and K.M.Koh, Principles and Techniques in Combinatorics, World
Scientific Pub. Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore. 1992.
3. V.K.Balakrishnan, Theory and Problems of Combunatorics, Schaum‘s Outline Series,
MeGraw-Hill International Edition, Singapore, 1995.
4. C.L.Liu, Introduction to Combinatorial Mathematics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.
5. J.H.van Ling & R.M. Wilson, A course on Combinatorics, 2nd Edition, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2001.

MATH- 650 Introductions to Algebraic Systems Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
An introduction to the use of abstract methods in mathematics, using algebraic systems that
play an important role in many applications of mathematics.

68 | P a g e
Abelian groups, Commutative rings with identity, fields, Ideals, Polynonial rings, Principal
Ideal domains, arithmetic of integers mod n and finite fields. Vector spaces over arbitrary
fields, Examples of Algebra of Polynomial rings over an arbitrary field, subspaces, bass,
linear transformations. Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, eigenspaces, Characteristies, Polynomial,
Minimal Polynomial, Linear Transformation as a matrix operator, geometric and algebraic
multiplicity and diagonalisation. Groups: subgroups, cosets, Lagrange‘s theorem,
homomorphisms.
Applications to coding theory will be chosen from: linear codes, encoding and decoding, the
dual code, the parity check matrix, syndrome decoding, Hamming codes, perfect codes,
cyclic codes, BCH codes.
Recommended Books:
1. Any book labeled ―Abstract Algebra‖ or ―An Introduction to Abstract Algebra‖. Call
numbers are AQ 162 and QA266.
2. In addition. John B Fraleigh A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 5th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 1994, AQ266.F7.

MATH-652 Dynamics Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Particle Dynamics: Projectile motion under gravity, constrained particle motion, angular
momentum of a particle.
Orbital Motion: Motion of a particle under a central force, use of reciprocal polar co-
ordinates, use of pedal co-ordinates and equations, Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Motion
of a system of Particles: Linear momentum of a system of particles, angular momentum and
rate of change of angular momentum of a system, use of centroid, moving origins, impulsive
forces, elastic impact. Introduction to Rigid Body Dynamics: Moments and products of
inertia, the theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes, angular momentum of a rigid body
about a fixed point and about fixed axes, principal axes. Kinetic energy of a rigid body
rotating about a fixed point, general motion of a rigid body, momental ellipsoid,
equimomental system, coplanar distribution.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. F. Chorlton, Text book of Dynamics, Ellis Horwood Ltd., 1983.
2. L. A. Pars, Introduction to Dynamics, Cambridge Uni. Press, 1953.
3. A. S. Remsey, Dynamics Part-I, Cambridge Uni. Press, 1962.
4. J. L. Synge and B. A. Griffith, Principle of Mechanics, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1970.

MATH-654 Special Functions Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Definition and properties of Gamma function, Beta function, Incomplete Gamma function.
Digama and Polygamma function. Definition and generating function of Legendre
polynomials. Recurrence relation and Legendre polynomials. Recurrence relation and
Legendre differential equation. Rodrigue's formula. An Integral representation of Legendre
polynomials and orthogonality. Hermite polynomials. Differential equation solvable with
Bessel functions. An Integral form of Bessel function and orthogonality. The Laplace
transformation and application of differential equations.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

69 | P a g e
1. L. C. Andrews, Special functions for Engineers and applied mathematics, McMillan
Publishing Company.
2. N.W. Lebedev, Special functions and their applications, Dover Publishing Inc., 1972.
3. B. Spain, M. G. Smith, Functions of Mathematical Physics, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Comp., 1970.
4. W. E.Boyee, R. C.Dipri, Elementary differential equations and boundary value
problems,John Wiley and Sons, 1986.
1. E.D. Rainvill, Special Functions, McGraw Hill, 1992

MATH-656 Quantum Mechanics Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Inadequacy of Classical Mechanics, Wave particle duality. Schrodinger's equation, Harmonic
oscillator, One dimensional motion in a potential well. Reflection by and transmission across
a potential barrier, Uncertainty principle, Dirac delta function, Operator formulism in
Quantum Mechanics, Angular momentum. Pauli Exclusion Principle. Hydrogen atom.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. R.L.White, Basic Quantum Mechanics, McGraw Hill Book Co. NY, 1966.
2. L.I.Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, McGraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd., 1955.
3. P.T.Mathews, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1974.
4. Dicke & Wittke, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley Pub. Co. Inc.,
1966.
5.
MATH-667 Geometric Function TheoryCredit Hours: 3(3+0)
Course Outline:
Basic of Geometrics Function Theories, Similarities, Normalization of Analytical function,
Biberbak Theorem, Distortion theorem, Riemann mapping theorem, conformal mappings and
their properties, univalent functions and their subclasses, Functions with positive real part,
Herglotz Formula, Some basic properties of univalent and multivalent functions.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Geometric function theory and non-linear analysis by Tadeusz Iwaniec, Gaven Martin.
2. Topics in geometric function theory By Carl Hanson FitzGerald.
3. A. W. Goodman, Univalent Functions, Vol I & II.

MATH- 669 Linear Dynamical System-I Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outline:
Introduction to Dynamical system, Linear and nonlinear Dynamical systems, Autonomous
and nonautonomous systems. First-Order Equations: The Simplest Examples, The Logistic
Population Model, Constant Harvesting and Bifurcations, Periodic Harvesting and Periodic
Solutions, Computing the Poincare Map. Planar Linear Systems: Second-Order Differential
Equations, Planar Systems, Preliminaries from Algebra, Eigen values and Eigenvectors,
Solving Linear Systems, The Linearity Principle. Phase Portraits for Planar Systems: Real
Distinct Eigen values, Complex Eigen-values, Repeated Eigenvalue, Changing Coordinates.
Classification of Planar Systems: The Trace-Determinant Plane, Dynamical Classification.
Higher Dimensional Linear Systems: Distinct Eigen values,Harmonic Oscillators, Repeated
Eigenvalues, The Exponential of a Matrix. Nonautonomous Linear Systems.
Recommended Books:

70 | P a g e
1. Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems and Introduction to Chaos byMorris W.Hirsch,
Stephen Smale and Robert L.Devaney.
2. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos by Steven H.Strogatz.

MATH- 670 Linear Dynamical System-II Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Outlines: Part I. One-Dimensional Flows:
Chaos, Fractals, and Dynamics, Capsule History of Dynamics, The Importance of Being
Nonlinear, A Dynamical View of the World.Flows on the Line: Introduction A Geometric
Way of Thinking, Fixed Pointsand Stability, Population Growth, Linear Stability Analysis,
Existence andUniqueness, Impossibility of Oscillations, Potential.Bifurcations: Introduction,
Saddle-Node Bifurcation, Transcritical Bifurcation,Laser Threshold, Pitchfork Bifurcation,
Over damped Bead on a Rotating Hoop,Imperfect Bifurcations and Catastrophes, Insect
Outbreak.Flows on the Circle: Introduction, Examples and De_nitions, Uniform Oscillator,
Nonuniform Oscillator, Overdamped Pendulum.
Part II. Two-Dimensional Flows:
Linear Systems, Definitions and Examples, Classification of Linear Systems, A simple model
of Love Affairs.Phase Plane: Phase Portraits, Existence, Uniqueness, and Topological
Consequences, Fixed Points and Linearization, Rabbits versus Sheep, ConservativeSystems,
Reversible Systems, Pendulum.
Limit Cycles: Introduction, Examples of limit Cycles, Ruling Out Closed Orbits,Poincare-
Bendixson Theorem, Lienard Systems, Relaxation Oscillators, WeaklyNonlinear Oscillators.
Recomended Books:
1. Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems and Introduction to Chaos by Morris W.
Hirsch, Stephen Smale and Robert L. Devaney.
2. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos by Steven H. Strogatz.

71 | P a g e
 External Courses for BS/ M. Sc/ MS,
M. Phil

72 | P a g e
ExternalCourses for Mathematics
Credit
S. No Course No. Course Title
Hours
1 MATH-301 Mathematics 3(3+0)
2 MATH-401 Advanced Mathematics 3(3+0)
3 MATH-304 Business Mathematics 3(3+0)
4 MATH-302 Mathematical Economics I 3(3+0)
5 MATH-402 Mathematical Economics II 3(3+0)
6 MATH-404 Discrete Structure 3(3+0)
7 MATH-305 Geomathematics/Mathematical Methods of Physics 3(3+0)
8 MATH-306 Calculus and Analytical Geometry 3(3+0)
9 MATH-405 Multivariate Calculus 3(3+0)
10 MATH-406 Linear Algebra & Differential Equations 3(3+0)
11 MATH-407 Numerical Computing 3(3+0)
12 STAT-401 Probability & Statistics 3(3+0)

Course Contents for external Courses of Mathematics

MATH-301 MATHEMATICS Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Course Contents
Indices and logaroithum, and their application, the principles of algebra, solution of quadratic
equation, solution of two simultaneous equations, both linear, one linear one quadratic, both
quadratic, basic trigonometry definition, Trignometric ratios of general angle, Trignometric
identities, Multiple angle and half angle formula, Sum and difference formula, Graph of
trignometric functions, Inverse trignometric functions, Coordinate geometry, Coordinates,
Change of coordinates, Graph-Log and exponential, The straight line, distance between two
points, Circle, Parabola, Differential calculus, Limits, Definition and properties of limits,
Continuity, Derivatives, Rules for differentiation (algebric, logarithmic, exponential, and
inverse functions), Integration, Introduction, Integration of algebric, trignometric, exponential
functions, and their combinations, Integration by substitution, Integration by parts,
Differential equations, Definition and classification of differential equations of Ist order and
Ist degree, Solution of ordinary differential equations and of second order equations with
constant coefficients
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Basic Concepts of Mathematics, by Elias Zakon, ISBN 1-931705-00-3, published by
The Trillia Group, 2001.
2. New Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Books July - August 2000
HG6024.A3.W554 1995 - Wilmott, Paul. Mathematics of financial derivatives: a
student introduction. Cambridge University Press, Oxford; New York S-BKS.
Elementary Statistics, Ninth Edition by Mario.F 1995.
3. Mathematics by S. M. Yousaf.
4. Statistics by Bhattey

73 | P a g e
MATH- 401 ADVANCED MATHEMATICS Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Course Contents
Permutations and Combinations, Permutations and Combinations Further Trigonometric
Identities,Binomial Theorem, Differentiation, Rates of Change, Stationary Points,
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions, Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions, Integration and Applications of Integration
Recommended Books
1. Advanced Mathematics for Engineering and Science By C F Chan Man Fong (Tulane
University, USA) By D. De Kee (Tulane University, USA), By P N Kaloni

MATH-304BUSINESS MATHEMATICS Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives of course:
This course is built upon the mathematical concepts, principles and techniques that are useful
in business management. The main objectives of the course are to enhance students‟
competency in application of mathematical concepts in solving business management
problems and to improve their level of quantitative approach.
Course Contents
Linear Equation involving one variable, Solution of Quadratic Equations,Applications of
quadratic equation, Characteristics of Linear Equations Graphical Characteristics ,Writing of
the Linear Equation ,Slope - Intercept Form ,Slope and Point formula, Two point formula
,Determining the Equation of a Straight Line Linear Equations involving more than two
variables ,Introduction Two variables Systems of Equations. Elimination method ,Three
variable system of Equations ,Elimination method ,Applications of Linear Equations and
Systems of Equations ,Two variables Systems of Equations. Gauss – Jordan Elimination
method, Three variable system of equations ,Gauss-Jordan Elimination method ,Applications
of Linear Equations and Systems of Equations Two variables Systems of Equations. Gauss –
Jordan Inversion method , Singularity ,Special Determinants ,Solution of Linear Equations by
Determinants Charamer‟s Rule , Solution of Linear Equations by Determinants , Inverse
Matrices Method
RECOMMENDED/REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Cheryl Cleaves, Business Maths, Pearson (Latest Edition)
2. Burton, Shelton, Business Maths using Excel, South-Western Cengage Learning
3. Budnick, Mathematics for Business Economics and Social Science

MATH-302MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS ICredit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives
The course is designed to enable the students use mathematical tools in clarifying their
economic concepts and solving problems. This is because economic analysis requires
extensive use of mathematics in the present day world of complexity. Mere logical reasoning
and diagrammatic approach is perhaps not sufficient. This is true for positive economics in
particular. As such, the students of economics have to learn and apply mathematics along side
their theoretical underpinnings.
Homework: The students may be given assignments and exercises from the texts and weekly
or fortnight class tests including MCQ's and confronted to extensive practice.
Course Contents
The Nature of Mathematical Economics

74 | P a g e
Pure and applied mathematics, The use of mathematical tools in social sciences, particularly
in economics, Economic theory (logical argument) as description of some kind of
relationship between variables, Mathematical Support: Expression of theory in functional
form, Explaining properties of economic parameters like elasticity, propensity to consume
etc., Verification of hypotheses and the use of mathematical models, Parameters and
variables (dependent and independent), Linear and non-linear functions: quadratic,
polynomial, circular, Types of functions: constant, rational, non-algebraic, logarithms &
exponential, Rules of logarithms and exponents, Functions of more than two
independent variables, Graphs of various functions, The importance and limitations of
mathematical models.
Equilibrium Analysis
Equation of a straight line: Intercept and Slope parameters and their economic interpretation,
Partial and general equilibrium analysis, Single and Simultaneous equation models, Examples
from market models: Demand and supply equations, Determination of price and quantity,
Calculation of elasticities at equilibrium, The effect of an excise tax on market equilibrium,
National Income determination: Closed economy with goods and money markets.
Linear Models and Matrix Algebra
Simultaneous equations models and the use of matrices, Types of matrices: Square, identity,
null, idempotent, diagonal, transpose and their properties, Laws of matrix operations:
addition/subtraction, scalar and vector multiplication, Conditions for non singularity of a
matrix, Determinant & its properties, Minors and cofactors, Ad-joint and inverse of a matrix,
Properties of inverse of a matrix, Solution of linear equations: the Gaussian method, the
Cramer‘s rule and Inverse matrix method, Economic applications: Solution of market models,
national income models, and the normal equations of the Least-Squares econometric model
via matrix approach.
Differentiation
The concept of derivations, Functions of one variable and rules of differentiation: Sum-
difference, product and quotient rules, chain rule, power function rule, inverse function rule,
Implicit functions rule, Combinations of rules, differentiation of logarithmic & exponential
functions, Higher order derivatives, Concept of maxima & minima, First and second
derivative tests, point of inflection, Free and Constrained optimization, Partial differentiation
& its rules, Hessian and Jacobian determinants, Higher order & cross partial derivatives
(Young‘s theorem), Total differentials & total derivatives, Optimizing cubic functions.
Economic Applications of Differential Calculus
Analysis of Utility, Demand, Production, Cost and Supply functions, Lagrange function:
Profit maximization and cost minimization under perfect competition and monopoly,
Maximizing excise tax revenue in monopolistic competitive market, Comparative static
analysis: Partial equilibrium market model, National Income model, Partial and Substitution
elasticities, Optimization of unconstrained functions and their economic applications, Profit
maximization by a multi-product and multi-plant firms, Price discrimination and monopoly,
Optimization by using
Cobb- Douglas, CES and Translog functions with interpretation of the results.

Linear Programming
Ingredients of linear Programming, Graphical approach, Simplex method, Economic
application of linear programming, Concept of primal & dual, Duality theorems, Solving of

75 | P a g e
Primal via dual, Economic interpretation of a dual.
Recommended Books
• Chiang, A. C. - Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics – 3rd Edition
(1984) - McGraw Hill Publishing Company.
• Frank, Budnick - Applied Mathematics for Business, Economics and Social Sciences-
4th Edition (1993) or latest – McGraw Hill Publishing Company.
• Dowling E. T.- Mathematics for Economists, Schaum's Outline Series- 3rd Edition
• (2001) – McGraw Hill Publishing Company.
• George, Alvery et al – Essentials of Mathematics with Business Applications-
• 5th Edition (1995) - McGraw Hill Publishing Company.
• Weber E. Jean - Mathematical Analysis: Business and Economic Applications-
(Latest Edition) -Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
• Colin, Glass – An Introduction to Mathematical Methods in Economics- (Latest
Edition) - McGraw Hill Publishing Company.

MATH-402MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS IICredit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives
Objectives: The course is designed for senior undergraduates more interested in quantitative
economics. The objective is to confront the students to advanced mathematical techniques so
as to enable them handle economic models, interpret the results and solve complex problems.
The students may be given assignments and exercises from the texts and weekly or fortnight
class tests and quizzes including MCQ's.
Course Contents
Complex Number and Circular Functions
Imaginary and Complex Numbers, Complex Roots, Circular Functions, Properties of Sine &
Cosine functions, Eular and Maclaurin series, Alternative representation of Complex
Numbers.
Integral Calculus
Comparative Dynamics and Integration, The Nature of Indefinite Integrals, Rules of
Integrations and Operation: Substitution Rule, Integration by parts. Definite integrals and
their properties, Definite Integrals and Area under a curve, Improper integrals, Economic
Applications of Integrals: Finding total functions from marginal functions, Investment &
capital formation, Present value of cash flow, P.V. of a Perpetual Flow, The Domar growth
model.
Differential Equations
(i) First Order Linear Differential Equations
Meaning and Definition; Homogenous & non-Homogenous cases, Solution of first order
linear differential equations: with constant coefficient & constant term, with variable
coefficient and variable terms, Qualitative approach: Concept of phase diagrams, types
of time paths and the dynamic stability of equilibrium, Exact differential equations:
Solution and Verification, Non-linear differential equations of the first order and first
degree, Bernoulli Equation,
Separable Variables, Economic Application: Dynamics of market models, Solow growth
model.

76 | P a g e
(ii) Higher Order Differential Equations

Solution and Verification of second order linear differential equations with constant
coefficients and constant terms, Real and imaginary roots, Distinct, repeated roots and
complex roots, Dynamic stability of equilibrium, Economic applications: Market models
with price expectations, The Interaction of inflation and unemployment in continuous
time, Higher order differential equations, Convergence and the Routh theorem, Solution
of simultaneous difference equations.
Difference Equations
(i) First Order Difference Equations
Meaning and definition, First order linear difference equations: Solution and verification
of results, Conditions for dynamic stability of equilibrium, Types of time paths,
Economic applications: The Cobweb model, Market model with inventory, Model with
price ceiling, Nonlinear difference equations, The qualitative/graphic approach and
phase diagrams.
(ii) Higher Order Difference Equations
Solution and verification of second-order linear difference equations with constant
coefficients and constant terms, Real and imaginary roots, Distinct, repeated and
complex roots, The convergence and divergence of the time paths. Economic
applications: Models of business cycles, The Multiplier-Acceleration interaction model,
inflation-unemployment model in discrete time, Higher order difference equations and
their solutions, Convergence and the Schur's theorem, Solution of simultaneous
difference equations.
Non-Linear Programming
The nature of non-linear programming, Non-linearities in Economics, Kuhn-Tucker
conditions and their interpretation, The Kuhn-Tucker Sufficiency theorem: Concave
programming, The Arrow-Enthoven Sufficiency theorem: Quasi-concave programming,
Economic applications: Utility maximization, Least-cost combination,
Recommended Books
• Chiang A.C and Kevin Wainwright - Fundamental Methods of Mathematical
Economics- 4th Edition (2005) McGraw Hill Publishing Company.
• Gandalfo, G – Economic Dynamics: Methods and Models – (1983 or Latest Edition)
• North Holland Publishing Company
• Dowling Edward T. -Mathematics for Economics: Schaum Series
– (1981).
• Weber E. Jean, Mathematical Analysis, Business and Economic Application (latest
edition), Harper and Row Publishers, Netherlands.
• Hoy M., Livermois J, Rees R, Stengos T. - Mathematic for Economics – (1996) -
Addison & Wesley Publishers.
• Shone, R – Economic Dynamics: Phase Diagrams and their Economic Applications-
(1997)- Cambridge University Press.

77 | P a g e
MATH-404 Discrete Structures Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives: Introduces the foundations of discrete mathematics as they apply to Computer

Science, focusing on providing a solid theoretical foundation for further work. Further, this
course aims to develop understanding and appreciation of the finite nature inherent in most
Computer Science problems and structures through study of combinatorial reasoning, abstract
algebra, iterative procedures, predicate calculus, tree and graph structures. In this course more
emphasis shall be given to statistical and probabilistic formulation with respect to computing
aspects.
Course Outline: Introduction to logic and proofs: Direct proofs; proof by contradiction, Sets,
Combinatorics, Sequences, Formal logic, Prepositional and predicate calculus, Methods of
Proof, Mathematical Induction and Recursion, loop invariants, Relations and functions,
Pigeonwhole principle, Trees and Graphs, Elementary number theory, Optimization and
matching. Fundamental structures: Functions; relations (more specifically recursions);
pigeonhole principle; cardinality and countability, probabilistic methods.
Reference Material:
1. Kenneth H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, 6TH edition, 2006,
Mcgraw Hill Book Co.
2. Richard Johnsonbaugh, Discrete Mathematics, 7TH edition, 2008, Prentice Hall
Publishers.
3. Kolman, Busby & Ross, Discrete Mathematical Structures, 4th edition, 2000,
Prentice-Hall Publishers.
4. Ralph P. Grimaldi, Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics: An Applied
Introduction, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1985.

MATH-305 Geomathematics/Mathematical Methods of Physics

Credit Hours: 3(3+0)
Course Outline
Vector and Tensor analysis, Curvilinear Coordinates and multiple integrals, Fourier and Lap
lace transforms, Matrices and Eigenvalue problems, complex variable and their applications,
Legendre Polynomials and Bessel functions, solution of Lap lace equation in various
coordinates boundary values.
Recommended Books:
nd
1. Bourne DE, Kendall PC, Vector Analysis and Cartesian Tensors (2 edition),
2. Thomas Nelson
3. Shah NA, Vector and Tensor Analysis, 2005, A-One Publishers, Lahore
4. Smith GD, Vector Analysis, Oxford University Press, Oxford
5. Spiegel MR, Vector Analysis, 1974, McGraw Hill, New York

MATH-306 Calculus and Analytical Geometry Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives: To provide foundation and basic ground for calculus and analytical geometry
background.
Course Outline: Complex Numbers, DeMoivre‘s Theorem and its Applications, Simple
Cartesian Curves, Functions and Graphs, Symmetrical Properties, Curve Tracing, Limit and
78 | P a g e
Continuity, Differentiation of Functions. Derivative as Slope of Tangent to a Curve and as
Rate of Change, Application to Tangent and Normal, Linearization, Maxima/Minima and
Point of Inflexion, Taylor and Maclaurin Expansions and their convergence. Integral as Anti-
derivative, Indefinite Integration of Simple Functions. Methods of Integration: Integration by
Substitution, by Parts, and by Partial Fractions, Definite Integral as Limit of a Sum,
Application to Area, Arc Length, Volume and Surface of Revolution.
Recommended Books:
1. Swokowski, Olinick and Pence, Calculus and Analytical Geometry, 6th edition, 1994,
Brooks/Cole Publishers.
2. Howard Anton, Calculus, 7th edition. 2002, John Wiley and Sons (WIE).
3. William E. Boyce Richard C. Diprima, Calculus, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN:
0471093335.
4. Thomas Finny, Calculus and Analytical Geometry, 10th edition, John Wiley and
Sons.
5. Erwin Kreyzig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 7th edition, 1993, John Wiley &
Sons Inc.

MATH-405 Multivariable Calculus Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives: The goals are to develop the skills to have ground knowledge of multivariate
calculus and appreciation for their further computer science courses.
Course Outline: Functions of Several Variables and Partial Differentiation. Multiple
Integrals, Line and Surface Integrals. Green‘s and Stoke‘s Theorem. Fourier Series: periodic
functions, Functions of any period P-2L, Even & odd functions, Half Range expansions,
Fourier Transform. Laplace Transform, Z-Transform.
Recommended Books:
1. James Stewart, Multivariable Calculus, 6th edition, 2007, Cengage Learning
publishers.
2. Swokowski, Olinick and Pence, Calculus and Analytical Geometry, 6th edition, 1994,
Thomson Learning EMEA, Ltd.
3. Bernard Kolman, William F. Trench, Elementary Multivariable Calculus, 1971,
Academic Press.
4. Howard Anton, Albert Herr, Multivariable Calculus, 5th edition, 1995, John Wiley

MATH-406 Linear Algebra& Differential Equations Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives: To provide fundamentals of solution for system of linear equations, operations
on system of equations, matrix properties, solutions and study of their properties.
Course Outline: Vectors, Vector Spaces, Matrices & Determinants, Cofactor and Inverse,
Rank, Linear Independence, Solution of system of linear systems, Positive Definite matrix,
Linear Transformations, Operations on matrices, Inner products, orthogonality and least
squares, Eigenvalue & Eigenvectors. Applications to Systems of Equations and to Geometry,
Singular Value Decomposition.
Recommended Books:
1. Bernard Kolman, David Hill, Elementary Linear Algebra with Applications, 9th
edition, Prentice Hall PTR, 2007.

79 | P a g e
2. Gilbert Strang, Strang, Brett Coonley, Andy Bulman-Fleming, Andrew Bulman-
Fleming, Strang's Linear Algebra And Its Applications, 4th edition, Brooks/Cole,
2005
3. Howard Anton, Chris Rorres, Elementary Linear Algebra: Applications Version, 9th
edition, Wiley, 2005.
4. David C. Lay, Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley,
2000.

MATH-407 Numerical Computing Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objectives: On completion of this unit, students will be able to demonstrate programming
proficiency using structured programming techniques to implement numerical methods for
solutions using computer-based programming techniques .using Matlab for all methods. The
course must serve the purpose of scientific software development for science and engineering
problems.
Course Outline: The concepts of efficiency, reliability and accuracy of a method.
Minimising computational errors. Theory of Differences, Difference Operators, Difference
Tables, Forward Differences, Backward Differences and Central Differences. Mathematical
Preliminaries, Solution of Equations in one variable, Interpolation and Polynomial
Approximation, Numerical Differentiation and Numerical Integration, Initial Value Problems
for Ordinary Differential Equations, Direct Methods for Solving Linear Systems, Iterative
Techniques in Matrix Algebra, Solution of non-linear equations.
Recommended Books:
1. Numerical Methods in Scientific Computing Germund Dahlquist and Åke Björck .
2. Numerical Methods for Scientific Computing : J.H. Heinbockel
3. Numerical Analysis: I.A. Khubaza
4. Numerical Analysis and Programming : Shan S Kuo
5. Numerical Analysis by Berden Fairs
6. Numerical Analysis by Gerald

STAT- 401 Probability and Statistics Credit Hours: 3(3+0)

Objective: The subject of statistics is very important in many areas including computer
science. The main objective of this course is that a student should know the basics of
statistics and he/she should be able to do statistical analysis independently in his/her research
work.
Course Outlines:
Basic Univariate Statistical Methods:
Review of basic concepts, summary measures, introduction to hypothesis testing, t-test for
one and two samples, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi-squared test for count data,
Regression and Correlation
Multivariate Statistical Methods:
Introduction to Multivariate Analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis
(FA), Discriminant Analysis (DA), Cluster Analysis (CA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS).

80 | P a g e
Special topics (with applications in Corpus Linguistics):
Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Log-linear models, Bayesian Statistics
All the techniques would be learned through a computer-integrated approach. The analysis
would be carried out by using SPSS and/or Minitab (or any other special-purpose statistical
software).
Recommended Books:
1. Oakes, M.P. (1998, 2005). Statistics for Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh Textbooks
in Empirical Linguistics. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.Walpole, R.E.
(1982).
2. Introduction to Statistics. 3rd Edition, Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., New York.
Johnson, R.A., Wichern, D.W. (2002).
3. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

81 | P a g e