IN FOCUS: Harmonizing the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) and National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR}-A step towards a rationalized targeting system in the Philippines? ! By: Ernie H. Jarabejo* National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR) Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Regional Project Management Office (RPMO)-Field Office 1V-B MIMAROPA Region 1680 FT Benitez cor Malvar Sts., Malate, 1000 Manila. Tel No. (02) 422-2445 loc 304,308/ E-mail [email protected] July 2011 "This paper is based on the cuent undertaking ofthe OSWO FOIVB NHTSPR Reglonal Project Management Office (RPIO) in identifying households belong to the poorest of the poor through CBMS and NHTSPR results. The purpose is exploring the reliability ofthe reults through simple comparative analysis, forthe intial selection and projec prioritization of national government agencies and \GUs for socal protection Intervention exclusively for MIMAROPA region, 2 The autho is curently the Replonal Feld Coordinator (RFC) of National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR) ofthe Department of Social Welfare and Development [OSWO) Region VB- MIMAROPA. NHTSPR sa projec being funded by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank Disclaimer: The views, opinions and errorsin this paper ae solely ofthe author and do not necessarily reflect onthe NHTSPR nor the DSWD and Is project funding agencies. Clrifiations, ches o suggestions may adéres tothe author for further refinement ofthis nial cussion paper, (GHESPRAaepwerd one ney seen ie og Syn COME) ad Nato Hl orig Se Prey Rein Emo she Hes)1. Introduction ‘The escalating level of poverty incidence together with the booming population of the country exacerbated the problem on social and human development?, Not to mention the pressing concern on various statistical data related to poor and poverty incidence from various institutions that mostly contradicting, if not, under or over-statement. For example, in Virola and Castro (2007) paper with regards to statistical data on hunger and food insecurity, of which amenable to uncoordinated and un- unified system atthe national, regional and provincial levels, and even dow to the municipal level. Three estimates from three different sources (survey-based): (1) in 2003, 7.0 % of households (with 0-10 children) experienced food insecurity (FNRI, 2003 NNS); (2) BAS reports that 13.9% of households experienced hunger in the second quarter of 2006 (BAS, 2006 SHIP); and (3) SWS reports an overall hunger of 18.6% for the second quarter 2006. They say that the figures do not seem to validate each other, which Virola and Castro suggested to examine and assess whether the fluctuations between the 2003 and 2006 estimates are “acceptable” results of valid measures of hunger. Is the difference of $ percentage points in hunger at the national level (BAS vs. SWS) “acceptable” as results of valid, reliable, measures of hunger? In terms poverty incidence, we are firmed thet poverty incidence showed remarkable increased from 24.4 percent in 2003 to 26.9 percent in 2006 equivalent to 4.0 million poor families in 2003 to 4.7 illion poor families in 2006, respectively (NSCB). Likewise, the subsistence or food poverty incidence increased from 10.2 percent in 2003 to 11 percent in 2006 which is also equivalent to 1.9 million families who could not meet their basic food requirements. However, this figure and spatial disparity in poverty rates could change in the same period once finer level of disaggregation and some set of measures and statistics will be employed from provincial down to the municipal and barangay level. The threat of having different poverty statistics coming from different institutions (with different methodologies) is still within, In Philippines Human Development Report in the case of Palawan‘, in 2000 Palawan Human Development Index (HDI)° mark 0.698 and it increase in 2002 to 0.721 and 0.770 in 2005. This is based from the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) data where the provincial HDIs were computed. In the Philippine Report that same period where the basis of computation was not from CBMS but on NSO national data, in 2000 HDI of Palawan score 0.644, and in 2002 it mark 0.647, while 0.642 in 2005. It shows that there is a big disparity on the results even both CBMS and NSO are using the same set of methodologies and indicators. ‘The disparity on statistical data of CBMS and national authority on st concerns that must be addressed. CBMS data is being insttutionalized at the local level through the Local Government Units all over the country, although itis not mandatory to all LGUs to adopt! the CBMS as one of the development tools in local planning, the strengthening of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) monitoring at the LGU level through the issuance of memoranda from * Human development i about enabling people to have wider cheles and expanding eapabis tht wil allow them to ve ule as human beng. ‘The pcovince of Palawan isthe 1 Proving to nstiutonaite the CBMS in 1999 ight afer the conceptusization of methodologies to Ibunching and fl testing before twas repeated to other provinces and county allover the elabe The pojact was launched alone with ‘the Micesmpact Adjustment Pocies (MIMAP) Project balng supported by international Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada Palawan sao the 1 province computed is Human Development Index om COMS dat ses ‘Human Development Index (OI) a composite statistic uted to rank countries by vel of "human development” and separate “very high human developmen”, "high human development, "medam human development, and “low human development” countries. The Human Development inex (HD) s 3 comparative measure of life expectancy, teracy, education and standart of ing for countries worldwide 1s a standard means of measuring wellbeing, especialy child welfare. Ils used to stingish whether the county fa ‘veloped, a developing oan under-developed county, and alo to measore te impact of economic pales on quay of fe. There are ‘35001 for states, cies, vilge, etc by esl organizations or companies. ots nemo Crevlar 2005-9, Setting Policies eudeines forte adoption ofthe 13 core local poverty necator for planning (s-seb)DILG’ and NEDA* hes situated the LGUs to establish and uphold the CBMS as the effective and reliable poverty indicators and tools. ‘Moreover, the DSWD as the lead agency mandated to provide social protection and to promote the rights and welfare of poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals, families and communities, is implementing several social protection programs aimed at reaching poor households using different targeting approaches to identify beneficiaries, Similar with the other national government agencies and local government units (LGUs) along with the implementation of their social protection programs and delivery of basic services to the identified poor, must employ a targeting system to increase the efficiency of program delivery, reduce the leakage and exclusion error. However, considering that DSWD, NGAs and LGUs have different reference of poor and poverty statistics, most often than not, the authentic target was not really capture and serve, still the leakage is very apparent. In 2008, as the coordinator of the National Social Welfare Program and to ensure that the limited budget of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) reach to the primary target, it is important that the DSWD adopt an efficient, effective, and transparent Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (HTS-PR) that will identify who and where the poor households are, Through the Department administrative order 01- series, 2008, the adoption of Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction for DSWD Social Protection Services was instituted including its Suidelines on the data sharing through department administrative order 02- series, 2009. On the same year of 2009 until the last quarter of 2010 the extensive NHTSPR nationwide enumeration was Conducted to materialize the comprehensive data collection of poor in the country. In MIMAROPA region out of $31,441 enumerated HHs, 239,348 of which were identified poor or 47.09% of the total poor HHS in the Philippines based from the PMT conducted. ‘The Executive Order 867, 8, 2010, “PROVIDING FOR THE ADOPTION OF THE NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD TARGETING SYSTEM FOR POVERTY REDUCTION AS THE MECHANISM FOR IDENTIFYING POOR HOUSEHOLDS WHO SHALL BE RECIPIENTS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS NATIONWIDE” was issued by the Office of the President, thus, it strengthened the DAO 01,, 2008 of the DSWD not only for the Department's social services but to all national government agencies social protection nationwide. The existence of CBMS through the Cabinet Memo 31108-065, $. 2008, through the DILG and Executive Order 867, S, 2010 on NHTSPR through DSWD has resulted perplexity among and between the NGAs and LGUs on which targeting system will be utilized in assessing poor households and coming up an official poverty statistics for their respective social protection program, aside from the NSO and NSCB figures. Indeed, the Philippines, needs an official, coordinated and unified targeting system as the fundamental reference of the country’s poor households and poverty statistics, none other, but one ied and official targeting system. Considering the abovementioned premises, this paper is a preliminary discussion paper, an attempt to analyze the data coming from the CBMS and NHTSPR identified poor households and total number of households enumerated through a simple comparative analysis. The data from the sample municipalities of the (5) five provinces of MIMAROPA region will be used. The municipalities were selected according to the periodic frequency of CBMS conducted by the LGUs, and its geographical breadth in the province. For NHTSPR, sites were selected according to geographical selection of poverty incidence if it is in saturation or pockets of poverty areas. ? DILG Memo Circular 2004152 encouraging LSUS to Intensy efforts towards the achievement of MOGs and enicning al AGUs to ‘monitor and agrose the nature and extent of poverty sing th CEM.‘The Municipalities of Roxas, Brooke's Point, Quezon and the City of Puerto in the Province of Palawan; Torrijos, Sta Cruz, Gasan, Mogpog,Boac and Buenavista in the Province of Marinduque; Odiongan,San Fernando, Cajidioean, Romblon and San Jose in the Province of Romblon, San Jose, Lubang, Sablayan, Sta Cruz and Mamburao in Occidental Mindoro and the municipalities of Pinamalayan, Roxas, Socorro, Vietoria and the City of Calapan in Oriental Mindoro are the sample study sites, ‘The 2008 and 2009 results generated by the CBMS coming from the CBMS International Network headquarters and the NHTSPR February 2008, 2011 data and initial lisvnames of poor households generated during the validation period were utilized for MIMAROPA. Simple statistical analysis on ‘measurement of central tendency will be employed for further data analysis, 2, Targeting System in the Philippines The Philippines attempt to provide a unified official statistics of poor households and deciphering the magnitude of poverty incidence in the country at the real sense has been a long way since the American regime’. It was only in 1980s to 1990s where the establishment of NSO, NSCB and Philippine Statistical System (PSS) were formalized. However, dute to various NGAs and private agencies generating poverty statistics and develop new methodologies of targeting, we are being flooded by data resulting to information overload. The succeeding parts are just the few initiatives that were implemented while some are still being instituted at the moment. 2 National Census of Population and Housing The NSO periodically conducted National Census of Population and Housing every 10 years that generate statistics on poverty. This census was started in 1980 by virtue of the Batas Pambansa Blg. 72. The recent Census of Population and Housing was conducted in 2010. 2.2 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES), The Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES), is also one of the nationwide surveys being conducted by the NSO as the source of official poverty statistics. FIES is conducted every three years with about 50,000 sample households across the country. The most recent survey was conducted in 2009 where provinces and key cities and municipalities as domains. 2.3 Poverty Stat ies As the lead agency mandated to release the official poverty statistics, the National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) generate this data every year that were declared reliable to be used for the purpose of monitoring poverty and poverty threshold. * During the American regime, this 1s only the tine when the syrtematized data colection system was Intted for economics and adminstratwe purposes, commenced inthe creation of stata unit atthe Bureau of Customs, Bureau of Agriculture, Surety of Labor (2808) where the ial regstvation was improves. The onset of census was started i 190, The fst attempt to conolite sais! authorty and respons in the counay came about withthe tanter ofthe Gureau of Comierce and Industry tothe Deparment of ‘Agrcutre and Commerce, which was organized in 1932. A speci statistical dvson inthe dagrament was crested wich absorbed the Bure’sstattial functions as well a thse ofthe Bureau of Agriculture. The statics produced were published inthe Philippine Statistical Review. Th centralzation of al stastal aces n one agency wat realized when the Bureau ofthe Census and Statics (2s) was creates by Commonweath Act He 891 in 940 under the Ofc f the Presider. All mor statisti nts ofthe Department of -Agrcuture and Commerce, Department of Labor, the Bureau of Health, the Bureau of Customs, the National Ura, Department of Public Information andthe 1939 Commision of Censs were merged tothe new Bureau. The ove fo centrale the sata system was Interrupted Because of World War (Ct not from NSThe poverty threshold is determined by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) by estimating first the food or subsistence threshold. The food or subsistence threshold is the peso value of the low-cost food menu that satisfies the nutritional requirements for an average healthy Filipino doing moderate activities, ‘The National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) was created through Executive Order (EO) No. 121, Reorganizing and Strengthening the Philippine Statistical System and For Other Purposes, on January 30, 1987 as the highest policy-making and coordinating body n statistical matters in the country. 24 National Nutrition Surveys (NNS) National Nutrition Surveys are being conducted every 5 years, however it has not been given on the top priority by the DOST. This survey generates hunger, food and malnutrition statistics. The Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) of the Department of Science and Technology spearhead the project. 25 Labor Force Survey (LFS) ‘The Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics (BLES) under the Department of Labor and Employment, Is in charge of labor and employment statistics, that data being generated every year is just also one of the basis in the computation of poverty in income. 2.6 Minimum Basic Needs (MBN) The MBN provided data on the measurement of poverty (e.g, consumption of food, shelter, clothing, and access to such essential public services as pure water, sanitation, peace and order, health and sanitation, and education The MBN approach is being used by more and more government and nongovernmental agencies as (I) a strategy for poverty alleviation, (2) a tool for focused targeting, and (3) a tool for monitoring and evaluating development projects. Interagency groups have been formed to come up with a set of MBN indicators that can be used by the different groups (Reyes,1998) 2.7 Under 5 Mortality Rate (USMR) UNICEF recommends the "Under 5 Mortality Rate (USMR), as the best available single indicator of overall social development since most of the factors that define it comprise the essential needs of all human beings" (Florentino and Pedro, 1992 as cited by Reyes 1998). ‘The USMR reflects not only the nutritional and health status of children but also such determinants as nutritional and health knowledge and practices of mothers, level of immunization, available maternal and child health services, income and food available to the family, the availability of clean water, and the state of environmental sanitation (Reyes,1998).. ‘28 Human Development Index (HDI) The Human Development Network regularly generates and computed Human Development Index per province that reporting poverty statistics in the country in multi-dimensional sense. 29 Related Surveys by Social Weather Station (SWS)‘SWS a non-government agency in the country that has been very active in generating statistics particularly on poverty incidence, hunger index and so on. SWS provided quarterly data based using the random sampling methods across the major islands of the country. 2.10 Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) CBMS generate data sets and poverty statistics every 3 years to provide the LGUs and programs implementers, information vital for policy development and local development planning. It was institutionalized in the Philippines in 2000 through the DILG by virtue of DILG Memo Circular 2003-92. Il National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) Due to the problems of leakage and exclusion error in the DSWD previous targeting system using various targeting methodologies, the DSWD has developed and implementing NHTSPR for the purpose of providing the Department a unified and transparent targeting system for its various social protection program. The isstiance of EO 867 by the Office of the President, and NAPC Resolution No. 01,5, 2009 give light to the NHTSPR as the targeting system of all NGAs for their social protection and directing all anti-poverty reduction program to adopt the NHTSPR nationwide, NHTSPR generate data of poor households similar with the CBMS. Review of the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) and National Household Targeting System (NHTSPR) The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) CBMS is one of the tools developed in the early 1990s to provide policymakers and program implementers with a good information base for tracking the impacts of macroeconomic reforms and various policy shocks. Palawan and Marinduque in region IVB were the first two (2) provinces to institutionalize the CBMS province wide. 31 Background ‘The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) was one of the tools developed under the Micro Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies (MIMAP) project supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC-Canada. It Is an organized way of collecting information at the local level for use of local government units, national government agencies, non-government organizations, civil society and development partner agencies for planning, program implementation and monitoring. CBMS is designed as an organized process of data collection, processing, validation and integration of data in the local development processes. It generates a set of core indicators that are measured to determine the welfare status of the population. These indicators capture multidimensional aspects of poverty. It uses a freeware customized for CBMS-data encoding, processing and poverty-mapping.3.2 Objectives CBMS attempts to build and strengthen the capacity of planners and program implementers at the national and local levels for an improved and more transparent system of resource allocation and governance. A major objective of CBMS is to assist in poverty reduction. In so doing, there are other corollary benefits achieved like bi the capacities of local government units, increasing gender equity, and ig early warning signs of c1 ‘3.3 Process Step I: Advocacy/ Organization Step 2: Data Collection and Field Editing (Training Module 1) Step 3: Data Encoding and Map Digitizing (Training Module 2) Step 4: Processing and Mapping (Training Module 3) Data Validation and Community Consultation Knowledge Database Management Plan Formulation (Training Module 4) jemination /Implementation and Monitoring + Legal Mandate Resolution No. 3, S, of 2006 ~ NEDA (National Economic and Development Authority) Board Social Development Committee, “Enjoining All National Government Agencies and LGUs to Adopt the CBMS as the Systematic Monitoring Tool to Diagnose the Poverty Situation at the Local Level.” En Banc Resolution No. 7, $ 2003- National Anti-Poverty Commission “Directing LGUs to Adopt the 13 Core Local Poverty Indicators as the Minimum Set of Community-Based Information for Poverty Diagnosis and Planning at the Local Level.” ‘Memorandum Circulars 2003-92~ Department of the Interior and Local Government “Setting Policy Guidelines for the Adoption of the 13 Core Local Poverty Indicators for Planning" ‘Memorandum Circulars 2004-152 achievement of the MDGs. TI as MBN-CBIS, CBMS, IRAP, etc., ILG “Encourage LGUs to intensify their efforts towards the ircular also enjoins LGUs to use monitoring systems such monitoring the nature and extent of poverty. Resolution No, 6, $, 2005- National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) “Recognizing and enjoins support for the CBMS as a tool for strengthening the statistical system at the local level”. ‘Memorandum Circulars 027-2006 and 027-20068- League of Municipalities of the Philippines, “Enjoining member LGUs to adopt the CBMS as a tool for local poverty diagnosis and to institutionalize them as part of the system of local governance. 3.5 Key Features and Coverage CBMS involves a total enumeration of all households in a community. LGU-led wi encourages community participation. It taps existing LGU personnel/ community members as monitors. Although there is a core set of indicators (outcome and impact), the system Is flexible and can accommodate additional indicators, like natural calamities and disastermanagement, environment protection, women’s well-being, child labor, migration, disability and community service delivery. It establishes databank at all geopolitical contexts, As of 4 April 201, CBMS is being Implemented to 62 provinces (32 of which are province- wide), 727 municipalities and 44 cities (covering a total of 19,065 barangays). The National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR) ‘The National Sector Support for Social Welfare and Development Reform Project (NSS-WDRP) of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) concluded with a Reform Agenda, one objective of which is to improve the service delivery systems to the public, particularly to the poor. Having a unified and transparent targeting system is identified as a key factor to achieve this. The targeting system shall establish a socio-economic database of households that will be used in identifying beneficiaries of current and future national social service programs. The system is expected to reduce the rate of leakage (given the government's limited resources) and at the same time lessen exclusion or under-coverage of the poor in social protection programs. It is on this premise that Department Order No. 1 “Adopting a Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction for DSWD Social Protection Programs and Services” was signed by the Department Secretary 30 September 2008. The Order stipulates the adoption and operationalization of a household targeting system using a Proxy Means Test and establishment of a database of households. 4.1 Background ‘The NHTSPR is a system for identifying who and where the poor households are, Its implementation is spearheaded by the DSWD. The system will guarantee the generation and establishment of a socio-economic database of poor households. This includes the firming up of a unified, functional, objective and transparent targeting system for the poor who are beneficiaries of social protection programs. 4.2 Objectives The objectives of the NHTSPR is to establish an objective and transparent database of socio- economic variables of houscholds,1) formulate a unified criteria for the identification of the Poorest population through scientific means; 2) To facilitate sharing of high quality database to Public and private social protection stakeholders; and 3) To reduce leakage ot inclusion of the non-poor and under-coverage or exclusion of the poor in social protection services. 4.3 Process ‘The targeting system is being implemented which involves two (2) stages: The first stage involves the selection of poor provinces based on poverty incidence according to the latest Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) produced by the National Statistics Office (NSO), and selection of municipalities and cities based on poverty incidence according to the latest Small Area Estimates (SAEs) produced by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) for the former and data provided by the Presidential Commission on the Urban Poor (PCUP) for the later. ‘The second stage involves houschold assessment through the application of a Proxy Means Test (PMT) a methodology used to predict income of households on the basis of household composition, education, socio-economic characteristics, housing conditions, access to basic services, material assets, tenurial status, and regional variables.‘The information for estimating the PMT is gathered in a two-page questionnaire, the Household ‘Assessment Form (HAF), with relevant variables that predict income of households, After data collection, the PMT is applied to surveyed households. Predicted incomes are then compared with poverty thresholds at the provincial levels to determine households below (poot) or above (non-poor) those thresholds. Consistent with Department Order No. 1, series of 2008, the NHTSPR is expected to identify who and where the poor and non-poor households are. The database shall be used for analysis relative to the classification of households into: 1. Non-Poor~ those living above the poverty threshold 2. Survival Poot — those at or below the poverty threshold but above the food threshold. 3. Food Poor — those below the food threshold 4.4 Legal Mandate Department Order # Ol, Series , 2008- Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Adopting A Household Targeting System For Poverty Reduction For DSWD Social Protection Services”. Department Order # 02, Series , 2009- Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) “Guidelines on The Sharing of Data Generated From The National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction” Resolution No. 18, Series of 2009- National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) “Recognizing and Enjoining Support to The National Household Targeting System For Poverty Reduction Being Implemented by The Department of Social Welfare And Development as a Tool To Identify Beneficiaries Of Social Protection Programs” Executive Order No. 867, $ 2007- Office Of The President, “Providing For The Adoption of the’ National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction as The Mechanism For Identifying Poor Households Who Shall Be Recipients Of Social Protection Programs Nationwide”. ‘Memorandum Circular No. ty S, 2009. National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), "Directing All AntisPoverty Programs and Projects (APPs) to Focus on the One Million Poor Households as Beneficiaries through NHTSPR". 4.5 Key Features and Coverage NHTS-PR employs 2 sets of selection the total enumeration (saturation) and pockets of poverty, The assessment conducted by trained and locally hired staff from where the activity Is conducted in coordination and participation by the LGUs and MSWDO. NHTSPR can generate disaggregate data on demography particularly on sectoral mapping, migration pattern, women and children, PWDs, ethnicity and IP, housing, education, legal and marital status (solo parent, separated, divorced, married, single), pregnancy and fertility, crude birth rate and so on, that could be used for socio-economic analysis on spatial representation and human well being such as community profiling, economic trends and patterns, policy development, institutional and social relationships, gender analysis, disaster risk management, labor force and population and housing, social services delivery including. GIS and poverty mapping.NHTS-PR covers nationwide: I7 regions, 80 pronvinces, 1,493 municipalities, 137 cities and 41,968 barangays. As of 28 February 20ll MHTSPR has assessed and subjected to PMT 10, 840,452 households and 5,219,936 households were identified poor. in MIMAROPA, NHTS-PR has assessed and subjected to PMT, 508, 266 households out of these households 239, 348 were identified poor or 47.1% of households surveyed are considered poor. 5. Comparative Analysis of CBMS and NHTSPR in MIMAROPA Context. MIMAROPA region is the youngest among the I7 regions of the country, located in the central hotspot and most diverse biodiversity in the world, The region is also within the central hub of tourism industry owing to its natural beauty and diverse cultural history. The Region has a total land area of 2,745,601 hectares, broken down into 992,317 hectares of Alienable and Disposable (Agricultural) Lands and 1,753,284 hectares of Classified Forestlands. The total forest area regardless of land classification for the entire Region is 1,195,144 hectares (CY 2003 Forestry Statistics). MIMAROPA boasts ofa long coastline totaling 6,428 kilometers which is 17.7% of the country’s total coastline of 36,289 km. It is made up of twelve (12) main islands, namely: Marinduque, Mindoro & Lubang, Romblon, Tablas & Sibuyan, Palawan, Dumaran, Coron, Culion, Balabac & Linapacan, It is one of two (2) Regions sharing no land border with another Region. The entire MIMAROPA area is also part of the Coral Triangle Initiative (Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia)". In terms of its socio-economic feature, the region’s economy relies mostly on agriculture, fishing and ecotourism, making it one of the strongest in the country with 2, 559,791 inhabitants living across its islands and hinterlands. On the other hand, the region is also among the top (5) five poorest regions of the country, with extreme poverty incidence and high in-equality on distribution of income. Due to the geographical and politico-cultural features of the region, one of the pressing problems that it must be addressed is the efficient delivery of the government's basic services, including support soft and hard infrastructures to address the escalating poverty incidence, ‘One of the basic steps is to improve the country's targeting system to Identify and capture the vulnerable and poor households that will benefits to the government's social protection programs, thus it needs an official, transparent, unified and coordinated targeting system. The attempt of this comparison between CBMS and NHSTPR is to observe the variations and similarities of results in terms of magnitude and proportion of poor households identified through the PMT of CBMS and NHTSPR, including poor income and subsistence poor of the CBMS against the results of NHTSPR identified poor. The analysis is stressed on where of these two targeting systems is close to the reality and actual number of poor when proxy variables will be employed similar with the income based identification, and not on which of these two systems is best or superior because both are relevant and could complement depending on the usage and purpose of data. " Source: Offi! Websites of DENR, MGB and DT 48. ‘sna AN FOCUS Ramin he Combe Nan (Utmost igen te Paper by En 5 at ar Hel Ting Se roe Retin5 Province of Marinduque ‘Table 1. Magnitude and proportion of poor based on PMT (7 cutoff, Income and Subsistence Income, Province of Marindugue, CBMS, 2008 Poor based on PMT | p25, vaseg on income | Subsistence poor based | Watched satus smuniipay | Tt! at 7 cutoff con income (omt=income}! households Proparti| ‘Magnitud | Propor Magnitude Proportion] Magnitude | n__| Magnitude! Proportion |e fon Bose wossa [300s [277 | 60s | a9 |_3097 282 | 7e0_| 72.7 Buenavista | 0813 ase aaa_| 2705 | 613_| 2310, ‘a7. | 2038 | 65.8 ‘Gasan 7505 2267 [29.7 | #300 | 562 | 3783 a9 | 4986 | 65.2 ‘Mogoog 7333 333_[ 250 | 3552 | aga [2077 338 | 5020 | 6a Sta Crur 3306 | 3609 | 27.7_| 5357_|a11_| 3445 264 [9628 | 73.8 Terrjos 625 zais_| 361 | 3eag | sa7_| 2003, 380 | aaas_| 69.0 Province a9a52_| 44998 [30.1 | 23070 | 4.1 | 185s] 23.8 [34998 | 70.2 ‘Source: COME bata 2008 In 2008, for the entire province of Marinduque, there were 49,852 households surveyed by the CBMS out of which [4,988 households or 30.10 were identified poor through Proxy Means Test based on income at 0.7 cutoff? which is almost halfway lower than the magnitude of poor if matched against the PMT and income poor which is equivalent to 34,998 or 70.2%, remarkably far above by 40.1%. The proportion of poor and subsistence poor based on income is also far above by 14.3% or 48.1% from the former and 33.8% in the latter respectively. Table 2. Magnitude and proportion of poor households identified through PMT Iovnceoondsue NTePRaDIE SPE T umnerat | Povertanat | proparionot | roprion of uniatier | murerot | Howto | numberot | OPS Tie | ena vowel tmmernayro| rocren | Nootin Mfeady | Poor22811 | “esinigofnits | No.ofts | Enumerated 2.28.41 T Bose [Captal) ETRE) 2s om 2a am 2. Buenavista 4.404 2,052 103% a 45% 3. Gasan 728 2.247 74% 30% at ‘4. Mogpog 7567 1,698 63% 2% 33% . Santa cruz 13.084 3.154 77%. a9 31% 6. Torres 6.324 2378 98% 3a 35% | Province 43,956 36,872 34,062, 789% 26% 38% Source of ata: NATSPR NINTAROPA a OFS. 28, 201 ‘The magnitude and proportion of identified poor by NHTSPR through PMT is quite smaller compare to CBMS, considering that Marinduque province is just pockets of poverty area. During the assessment conducted in 2009-2010" the total enumerated households are 38, 872 or 78% of the total households of the province of Marinduque. Out of 49,956" total households of the province the proportion of households’ enumerated against the total number of households is 28% while the proportion of households identified poor through PMT is 36%. 1 The magnitude and proportion of househelds when matched against poor income and poor bated on CBMS PMT. 107 extol the tveshold where the PMT recut wa taken ‘tne seus enumeration wa condute nthe mide of 2009 until December of 2010 however the polihe nti est of NTSPR Nas ben avalible only in February 28,2013, “Tota 3 Na, ef hovtehols bred rom Of NSO 2007 Osa,near =ar 7 Province of Marindugue | ove Buenavista Gatan_—Mogooy——StaCruz_— Toon Province "Figure. Proportion of poor households identified by CBMS and NHTSPR ‘The municipality of Buenavista is on the top list of identified poor with 47%, followed by Torfijos and Gasan, with 34% and 24% respectively, while Boac and Sta Cruz faring with 24% share, No.offHs Torts StaCruz Mogpog Gasan Buenavista Boac To Enumerated Ave. ‘cams (Pmt) Poor 49872 6429_——9608_— 50204986 ~~~ —_—7om1 36092 [NHTSPR (PMT) Poor 388722168 31421683 2033-2016 272113963 Difference? “11000 4261_—-6486—~3337~—-2753_—~—22 5270-23009 Source of Data: CMS and NHISPR Comparison with the total number of households identified by CBMS and NHTSPR in the province of Marinduque (Table 3), CBMS has enumerated 49,872 while NHTSPR enumerated 38,872, with CBMS marked a difference of 11,000 households. The total number of households identified poor by CBMS through PMT is 36,992 while 13,963 households for NHTSPR with 23,029 variations with an average of 3,836 differences across the municipalities. Torrijos Sta Cruz_Mogpog_Gasan Buenavista Bosc Total Ave. % Converged/COMS Poor ia eee OR aces 198 ovr AN 3% «1S %Converged/NHTSPR Poor 35% «7% ~—~«SHSC*S Sak Difference 2% «SC* a es ‘Source of Bata: CBMS and NTS ® bata of (COMS-OMT) and No of HHS enumerated were taken from 2008 CAMS resus of Community-based Monitoring System of ‘international Network (CBMS.N) based forthe sample st of eames aalbl forthe ana, thus the total number of ened poot (eres reflected on the tbl) based on PET by CBMS does not matched nether on poor based on PNT at 97 Eat of ne on the “matched status” of pmt poor and Income poor. Figures for the CMS and NHTSPR comparzn were based om names matched ef mt and income por. "NITSPR (PIT Poor and No of Hs enumerates were taken fom 2009-2010 NHTSPR Wis enumerition Marinéuqueand Puerta Princesa Palwan- are poceete of overs ombion and other sample muncpaltesn Palawan are stiraton sess. ferences NHTSPR guts les he CMS. Oa tp st Moin (HSN nao Ting Spam ve Ren ip Ec se)(Table 4) To actually observe the magnitude and proportion of identified poor, we evaluated the PMT results of both CBMS and NHTS-PR, through cross-validation and convergence of the identified poor. It is observable that CBMS post an average of 17% while NHTSPR achieved 42% with 25% variation. Mogpog and Boac have an average proportion of more than 30% while Sta Cruz, Gasan and Buenavista get an average of more than 15%. Proportion of Poor HH After Convergence (CMS and NATSPR Province of Marindugue, 2012, comers ero am Comets ae im tex Comores | | | bile | Figure 2. Proportion of poor households after convergence of CBMS and NHTSPR The figures entail that PMT of CBMS and PMT of NHTSPR still achieve a big v: fon the results complimentary to NHTSPR, once cross validation of identified poor households is employed. If we look at the proportion of households identified in NHTSPR (Table 2) for the province of Marinduque, there is 2 28% proportion of households identified poor against the total number of households of the province, lower than the CBMS, if we compare it to 30% of poor households identified through PMT (Table 1) and much higher in income poor with 48.1% and 33.8% for subsistence poor based on income. The disparity is also prominent if we matched the CBMS PMT poor with income poor of 70.2% resulting to 42.2% variations to PMT poor of NHTSPR. 5.2 Province of Palawan ‘Table S. Magnitude and proportion of poor based on PMT .7 cutoff) Income and Subsistence Income, ovo ay Seas yors tas bat mF] someone | SRR | OER vanaty [722 | "acre | Poort Ssrstenneme | meme [Magnitude | Proportion | Magnitude [Proportion | Magnitude Proportion| Magnitude] Proportion| aes rom | 20 | ear | sor | amos | sar | oss | moo | sm | m2 a rinesncty | aus | rer | ses | wooo | one | aor | uu | vow | ms foe ay [ae [ ay [aio [sp] gna Frome —| nse —[-aass2 | | iano [aaa | ss —| ssf se | Note: Summary table exces missing ales ata for Brooke's Pont Quon, Rats, Tayay and Coron was collected in 2008, Ota for Puerto Princesa City was taken 2009,In the province of Palawan, 71,286 households were enumerated by the CBMS and 22,952 of which were identified poor through CBMS PMT test at 0.7 cut off, equivalent to 42.18%. Likewise, poor based on income has a magnitude of 24,070 or 44.08%, subsistence poor based on income is 14,689 with proportion of 28.95%, Validating the result of PMT poor against the income poor, it is remarkable that it achieved 73.48% with variances of 31.3% and 27.48 for CBMS and NHTSPR PMT respectively. Table 6. Magnitude and proportion of poor households identified through PMT Province of Palawan, NHTSPR, 2011, wrser | number ot | PSP" | proporion | Proper af ‘Municipalities and No. of Household | Household | - ite ‘ofits | HHs Poor/ No. Giies | nowsehats | enumerates | rarzeoor | UME | pcorrort | "apn Basa | zasat | x27! | Roots | enumerated reste ant | “aae7 | rat | “eer | a ar 14398| —satea | —es0o | “078 —[ so | — So Poste Pa Puenoriness Taaus | ueave | son | sax | 2m | ao oa isa —| aes | ear | ae | Prong sige | —goxea | ~an9a7 | 74 —[ se | a Source of Oil: NATEPR MIMAROPA sof Fb, 28, 2071 In terms of magnitude and proportion of households for NHTSPR PMT result, from (4) four sample municipalities in the province of Palawan, a total of 60,222 households were enumerated with proportion of poor households of 36% and magnitude of 21,679. Table 6 shows that the municipalities of Quezon and Roxas exceeded to 100% in the proportion of households enumerated against the total number of households due to the increase in number of households from 2007 NSO figures to 2009 and 2010 when the enumeration was conducted. Proportion of Poor Hits COMS and NHTSPR Province of Palawan + SOQ ry No.of HHs Brooke's Quezon Puerto. Roxas.—Tot Enumerated Point Princesa Cy OMS (PMT)Poor 71286 870786 ~~—CMOB «SOT? —=S8576 nen a'NATSPR (PMT) Poor 6072—_SB1___ 6767 saa? eas 78053 Difference “11066 359-549-0591 tas 26883 Source of Data CB4S and NHTSPR Associating the CBMS and NHTSPR identified poor based from PMT, CBMS has enumerated 71,286 households while NHTSPR has 60,222 households with identified poor of 55,376 and 28,493 respectively. It is observable that there is a considerable disparity in Identified poor for Puerto Princesa City between CBMS and NHTSPR because in CBMS Puerto Princesa was subjected to total enumeration while it was selected under pockets of poverty area for NHTSPR resulting to 24,591 variations. Brooke's Quezon Puerto —-—~Roxas——Total Point Princesa Cty 3% Converged/COMS Poor 1% 25% 10% ae % Converged/NHTSPR Poor 27% 28% 39%. 26% 30% Difference ee za eesneale ay ieeat Source of Data: CBMS and NHTSPR Proportion of Poor HH After Convergence (CONS and NHTSPR, Province of Palawan, 2022 | = sox co ee eee cates dvs rane Aap tour ey Commenter sm {Fon rice, Wo Figure 4. Proportion of poor households after convergence of CBMS and NHTSPR In the province of Palawan, by cross validating the poor households identified through PMT of both CBMS and NHTSPR, it shows that there is only a minimal difference of 8%. It is also observable that only the municipality of Roxas where the CBMS identified poor exceeded to NHTSPR result posting a margin of 8%, in contrast to the other sample mui ies. Nevertheless, ent that the proportion of NHTSPR identified poor is closed to the proportion of cross validated poor households, 5.3 Province of Romblon Table 8, Magnitude and proportion of poor based on PMT (7 cutoff) Income and Subsistence Income, Province of Romblon, CBMS, 2007, Total] Poor based on PUT at.T Subsistence poor based | Matched status Municipality | households cutoff Poor based on income onincome omt=income)Magnitude | Proportion | Magnitude | Proportion | Magnitude | Proportion | magnitude | Proportion Odiongan | 8775 2487 za [4569 [524 3487 398 5925. 676 Romblon 7236 2590 aa | ane 56.8 3278 aa 5162 oa ‘aodiocan_| 398 1950 aa 2627 597 1955, aes S185 8 ‘Sen Fernando | _aa71 2014 45.0 3028 617. 2476 554 308s 63.0 ‘Sen Jose 1740, a0 46.0 1330 75a 1156 66.4 1063 61 Province zses_| 9842 39.7 | 15780 | 626 | 32352] so.0 | 18420 | 679 Soure of ata: COMS Census 107 Note: Summary table excludes misig values Five (5) municipalities were taken as sample area in the Province of Romblon, with total households enumerated by CBMS of 26,816 out of which the proportion of households Identified poor through PMT at 0.7 cut off is 39.7%, while 62.6% were identified poor based on income and 50.0% were subsistence poor on income, Cross matching the identified poor through PMT and income poor was resulted to magnitude of 18,420 with a share of 67. The municipality of San Jose, San Fernando and Cajidiocan got the highest proportion of poor based on PMT with 46.0%, 45.0% and 44.3% respectively. The municipality ‘of Odiongan is on the least rank with proportion of poor of 28.4%. Likewise, cross matching the PMT poor and income poor of CBMS shows that, more than half of the ‘enumerated households were identified poor, making the municipality of Cajidiocan on the top list with 72.4% faring on the second rank are the municipalities of Romblon and San Fernando with 69% followed by Odiongan (67.6%) while San Jose (61.I) on the last rank. ‘Table 10. Magnitude and proportion of poor households identiid through PMT Province of Romblon,NHTSPR 2031 wiser | numberof |] Proportonat | Proportanor | Pate Muricpatesans | numberot | noua | Howenott | "as wis | ote Gees fowsenols | enumerates | PvtfPoce | enumerste/t | poorrtal | PO! pasar | 2201 | ominoorwns | noornis |, MME, iia aa | ae 92 im a om Ciengan sass | sora 910 ox 20% Sa onblon apa —| 7.693] 701s 25 sis 2% 3 Senreranda a6 — aes 1793 358 ais am Sandose a0 | — 1861 1035 1088 six sax Province 771 —| — rae —| — 855 | 58 a a7 Source of Dat: NHTSPR MIMAROPA a of Feb, 28,2011, Eighty five (85%) or a total of 23,639 households were enumerated by NHTSPR out 27,751 total number of households as of 2007 (NSO). The proportion of households identified poor over total number of households is 32% with a magnitude of 8,880. Meanwhile NHTSPR has a proportion of 37% identified poor over its total number of, household enumerated.Proportion of Poor HHs CBMS and NHTSPR ‘of Romblon ‘Otiongan —Romblon Cajotioesn SanFemando Sanloxe Province Figure 5. Proportion of poor households identified by CBMS and NHTSPR The households in the municipalities of San Jose and Cajidiocan were entirely saturated which exceeded to 100% while 63% of the total number of households were enumerated in the municipality of Odiongan with 20% proportion of poor. Eee es Sens No.of Hs -Romblon Odiongan San sn Caidiocan Total Enumerated Fernando jose ‘Cais (PM) Poor 26816 1625025 ——«3085 ~——~—«N0SS~—«SHBS iB [NHTSPR(PMT) Poor 23639 —-2200_~—~1902”~—~—~«1782)~~—~—*0085~——aeaa re Difference “SI77_—-2962_—-4023—~—~—~AS03——-B ~~~ Source of Data: CWS and NHTSPR _ 7 Balancing the results of identified poor through PMT of both CBMS and NHTSR, the CBMS has enumerated 26,816 while NHTSPR has 23,639 with a difference of 3,7 households, Among the five (5) sample municipalities of Romblon, the municipality of San Jose is one of the pockets of poverty areas in NHTSPR while the rest are saturation contrary to CBMS where the entire sample municipalities were subjected to total enumeration, Table Il shows that there is an enormous margin of 9,657 households between the CMS and NHTSPR identified poor. The CBMS has identified 18,420 while NHTSPR has 8,763 identified poor households, Notably CBMS has still achieved a highest identified poor compare to NHTSPR. The municipality of Romblon place on the I* rank of having highest magnitude of lentified poor for both CBMS and NHTSPR followed by Odiongan, San Fernando, Cajidiocan and last is San Jose. Rn Rombion Odlongan SanFernando Saniose__cajdiocan Total ‘converged/CBMS Poor 20% _—=1ast 29% 41% 2% 25% ‘mein he Comma) af at Hache an en rey Ran nl tance Pg By SeYi Converged/NHTSPRPoor 47% ASK sam am 3 aK ilference 2% ate 2% 2% 5% 19% Source of Data: BNS and NHTSPR — ~ Proportion of Poor His After Convergence (CBNAS and NHTSPR Province of Rombion, 2011 tarts Comvereedrmsen Poor) a sconvergeuanTseR = ss convrgeaicans ror Figure & Proportion of poor households after convergence of CBMS and NHTSPR By cross validating the identified poor households of CBMS and NHTSPR it shows that mn of 25% while NHTSPR has achieved a proportion of 44% posting a margin of 19%. The Municipality of San Jose posted a margin of only CBMS has an average propor 2% while the municipality of Odiongan gains the highest margin of 31%. 5.4 Province of Occidental Mindoro ‘able 13. Magnitude and proportion of poor based on PMT (7 cutoff, Income and Subsistence Income, Province of Ocidental Mindoro, CBMS 2009 Toor baad oP ; SRT Foo | — ae frente |, | Mo | Mortdoninone | SSttorinane | onsen git Preparers Fogean ign [oartan_[Magiae operon Seem [ator [seo Yas [ses [ans ase | eae tuba — 4355 | —s006 | 229 | | eos | ~s0u0 | sss | —at| Ssxiqaa | sae sere | ane | “sone | eso [ant as | tom] Satu —| 7a [ seo | aes | “ee | ers | 5oee | 83a Hanbun |—7556_[ —2196—| —a7s [sit —| —s85—|~isss [an] aoe e rome —[_s9sz| aoe? | 33 | ses? [areas | nee |e Source of ata: COMS Cons 7008 Note Summary table excludes missing values In 2009 for the Province of Occidental Mindoro, CBMS has enumerated 57,927 households with a magnitude of 34.1% based from PMT at O./cut-off. A proportion of 57.6% with a magnitude of 33,387 households were identified poor based on income while 43.4% were subsistence poor and when the PMT and income poor were matched a proportion of 67.2% identified. The municipality of Sta Cruz (46.5%) and Lubang (22.9%) have the highest and lowest proportion of poor based on PMT wi Cruz got the highest proportion (67.9%) while the municipalit for poor based on income still the municipality of Sta of Mamburao (38.9%) on the lowest rank. For the subsistence poor based on income consistently the municipality of Sta Cruz ‘on the top list with 55.2% close to the municipality of Sablayan with 53. magnitude of 3,986 and 8,122 correspondingly. ‘Table 14. Magnitude and proportion of poor households identified through PRT % garnering aProvince of Occidental Mindoro, NHTSPR,2021. worsen] NBR T Poperion oF T rasan | Popeton Municipality | Number of | | Mousehold | ouseho | enumerated/ | OHH | poor/Novot Household | enumerated/PM Poor/Total TReady 2.28.11 | [Por | TetalNoot | ye crys | HHS 2.2811 Hs Enumerated ‘bang 688 4596 87 71% a 19% ‘Mamburaa cota a7 7.486 2621 97% 34% 35% Sablayan 43s Tse se 3% 3a 0% San jose 26,370) 22666 102, 37% 31% 36% Sonta cruz [6,586 7915 4308. 10% 5% 55% Province 61,928 36250 | 21,336 91% 34% 38%. Sours of Data: NHTSPR MIMAROPA a of eb. 28,2011 For the NHTSPR magnitude and proportion of poor households, a total of 56,928 households were enumerated out of 61,928 total households of NSO (2007) coming from the 5 sample municipalities in the province of Occidental Mindoro. On the identified poor, there were 2, 336 poor households identified based from NHTSPR PMT with a proportion of 34% while 38% were poor over the rotal number of households enumerated. Proportion of Poor Hits CONS and NHTSPR Province of Occidental Mindoro 20 ® ae $ S76 ie 1 eset 20 — a a Samos Lubang——Sablayan——Stacrue——Mamburao Province Figure 7, Proportion of poor households identified by CBMS and NHTSPR ‘The municipality of Sta Cruz got the highest share of poor with 65% while the municipality of Lubang has the least proportion with 14% share. Although the municipality of San Jose has the biggest number of households enumerated along with its total number of households based from NSO, it only ranks 4% among the five (5) sample municipalities. The ranking of San Jose signifies that it’s quite well-off municipality compare to the rest of the sample domains. eer eg No.of HHS Lubang — MamburaeSablayan.—-Sandose Total Enumerated ‘CMS (PMT) Poor _50708_——~2601 S840 000215035“ 38576 [NMTSPR (PMT) Poor 48335__—_—887 2621 5378810216988, Difference 2370 ina 4624 3322388 "Source of Data: BMS and NHTSOR Note:The munciaity of ta Cruz was no included inthe table de to unavaiabity of household names uring the study particular only forthe tables 15 and 16.In comparison with the results of PMT of CBMS and NHTSPR, the CBMS has identified 39,376 poor households out of the rotal enumerated households of 50,705. San Jose got the biggest share of identified poor similar with the PMT result of NHTSPR. It still consistent that NHTSR has a big margin with CBMS identified poor with a total variance of 22,388 households, ‘Table 17. Magnitude and proportion of poor based on PMT (7 cutoff, Incom ‘Mamburae—_Sablayan % Converged/CBMS Poor 10% 21% 18% 18% %Converged/NHTSPR Poor 579% 33%, 40% 35% 41% Difference 38% 19% 1% eae | Soute of Data BMS and NHTSPR Note:The muniipaty of ta Cr was not included in the table due to naval uring the study particular only forthe tables 15 and 16. ity of household names [Proportion af Por His Aer Convergence cans an nTs@n Province of cinta Minder, 2032 {oe oe 02 ere aoe teary tinea ° Se SM <@ ceaneasen Figure 8 Proportion of poor households after convergence of CBMS and NHTSPR Combining and cross-validating the identified poor of CBMS and NHTSPR, Table 16 shows that there is a margin of 23% where the biggest gap Is observable in the Municipality of Lubang (38%), faring the municipalities of Sablayan (19%) and Mamburao and finally the municipality of San Jose (17%). This order is also similar for both CBMS and NHTSPR results. 5.5 Province of Oriental Mindoro snd Subsistence Income, Province of Oriental Mindoro, CBMS,2008 Poor based on PMT at ] Poor based on Subsistence poor] Matched satus Total Feutoft income based on income {pmtsincome) Municipality | households | Magnitude Proportion | Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion (Magnitude | Proportion) ‘calapancity | 24003 [e270 | a7? | usm [| a72 | vasa | 325 | 15822 | 65.7 Pinamalayan| 16737 | 433 | 325 | svsi_[s55 | 363 | 380 | 1647 | 09.5 Roxas 9460 3317] 351 | 720 | 605 | aise | ago | o35s_| 67.2 ‘Socorro 7367 2930 | 368 | ses? 708 | aas1_[ 5.6 | 803 | 613 ‘Victoria 9876 2655269 | seso_| 75 | aas3_| 408 | e2at_| 632 Province | 68133 | 18605] 29.8 | 37689 | 583 | 2es19 | 02.2 | 0938 65.0 Source of ata: COMS Censor 008Note: Summary table exudes missing valves For the Province of Oriental Mindoro, the CBMS has enumerated 68,133 households, out of which 29.8% or equivalent to 18,605 were identified poor based from PMT at O.7cut-off. Likewise the identified poor based on income has a magnitude of 37,499 with proportion of 58.3%, while the proportion of subsistence poor based on income has a magnitude of 26,819 households or equivalent to 42.2%. The result of CBMS matching of poor based on PMT and income poor achieved a 65.4% with magnitude of 44,938 which is close to the magnitude and proportion of poor based on income with an equivalent margin of 7.1% and 35.6% PMT poor. The municipality of Pinamalayan_ posting a highest proportion of poor in matching result for income poor and PMT with 69.6%, Roxas for income poor (60.5%) while Socorro for subsistence poor based on income and PMT with 55.6% and 36.8% respectively ‘Table 18. Magnitude and proportion of poor households ide Province of Oriental Mindoro,NHTSPR 2014 ied through PMT rumoer | warspe [| numberer | P22" T proparionat | Proportion of wnicpattsana | "ot | wound | Hono |. | “ne” | "its Poor Ghies | wowseot | Erumerat | raPoor | EME! | soererat | Nootinis Go [eazze | naan | 7NOOt | Aeris | enumerated ciyorcameen | asasy | aucas | caer | tox 6% 20% Piney ieaes_[ rear | 798 [so a aH as 9547 10664 | —s72a | 12% om 3% Secor 73757963 | 4195 | 00% sx sam Waters gar? | ~10ass—| e366 | 110 ae a8 Prone e.264] —ee109—[ —aases | —aeox a rm Source of Dats NHTSPR MIMAROPAS OF, 28, 71 In the magnitude and proportion of poor households identified by NHTSPR PMT, a total of 68,139 households were enumerated from the total households of 68,264 recorded in NSO as of 2007. All sample municipalities in the Province of Oriental Mindoro were totally enumerated garner except the City of Calapan posting a proportion of 86%, nevertheless the province an average proportion of 100% across the sample domains.Proportion of Poor HHs CBMS and NHTSPR Province of Oriental Mindoro ve | wee ee Lg tt cee 20 Figure 9. Proportion of poor households identified by CBMS and NHTSPR The municipality of Roxas place on the top rank with 60% share based from the PMT Identified poor. It was seconded by the municipality of Socorro with 53%, while Pinamalayan (48%) and Victoria (46%) have close shares. The City of Calapan marked lowest in the proportion of poor households with only 26%, ee er ee ee er ee TTT Dement! No.of Hs Calapan Pinamalayan Roxas Socorro Victoria Total, Enumerated City ‘canis (PMT) Poor esi33_ 5822 —~—~«a AT 355883 [NHTSPR (PMT) Poor 68139 —_—6287 7793 ‘Sr 4195__43665 28565 Difference 6 “3335 “631-688-1865 16373 ‘Source of Data: CMS nd NHTSPR Evaluating the CBMS and NHTSPR identified poor based on PMT, the CBMS got a total of 44,938 poor households while the NHTSPR has identified 28, 565 with a margin of 16,373. ‘The total households enumerated of CBMS is 68, [33 while NHTSPR has 68,139. ‘The City of Calapan posting a margin of 9,355 between the CBMS and NHTSPR poor, followed by Pinamalayan with 3,854, Victoria 1,865 while Socorro and Roxas on the last position with 688 and 631 variations for identified poor respectively. ee eee ere res Demise) Calapan ity Finamalayan Roxas Socorro Vitoria Total Ye Converged/CBMS Poor 17% 34% 3% ax 2K 31% ‘6 Converged/NATSPR Poor 42% aim am 50% am Difference Be Te me 7% 2% em Soutce f Data (BMS and NHTSPR ‘astra FOCUS: Hm Commie ory Sn (CBS) nd Nor Tren See Py Rein (SnTsP tA arid pig te Pp Br Ps abs)The results of CBMS and NHTSPR cross validation process, showing a negligible margin of only 16% for the province of Oriental Mindoro among the six (8) sample municipalities. Proportion of Poor Hilts After Convergence ‘CaMS and NHTSPR Province of Oriental Mindoro, 2013 7 ea * Convorna/CBM Poor i : at convergca/nitsen —tneae Converged/MTSPRP00N) wee Figure 10. Proportion of poor households after convergence of CBMS and NHTSPR Nevertheless, it shows constantly that NHTSPR has the most number of poor households matched which Is also close to its previous results before the cross validation process was conducted contrast to CBMS. & Summary and Observation of Results® 6.1. Generally, it is observable that among the 25 sample muni sin 5 provinces of MIMAROPA the proportion of the identified poor of CBMS through PMT at O.7cut-off with the PMT poor of NHTSPR shows insignificant differences, By disaggregating the proportion of 25 sample municipalities, NHTSPR identified highest proportion of poor in Il_ municipalities while 14 for CBMS. However if we aggregate the data at the provincial level and taking the mean of the proportion of poor, (4) of (5) provinces have achieved lowest proportion in NHTSPR compare to CBMS. The provinces of Palawan, Marinduque, Romblon and Occidental Mindoro are the provinces with lowest proportion of poor for NHTSPR while the Province of Oriental Mindoro was identified by the CBMS. .2.In addition, comparing the NHTSPR PMT poor with CBMS income poor shows that 23 of 25 municipalities have the lowest proportion of poor based from NHTSPR. On CBMS subsistence poor, only 5 municipalities have the lowest proportion of poor compare with the NHTSPR poor. Employing a triangulation of CBMS pmt poor and income poor with NHTSPR poor, the latter is consistently lower than the CBMS identified poor across the entire 25 sample municipalities, while faring both systems on PMT poor at the municipal level but not on the provincial aggregations. 6.3.The deviation of results between CBMS and NHTSPR across the sample domains signify that the proportion of poor households varies in every municipalities using the disaggregated data of PMT of CBMS and NHTSPR, however once all the data from the municipalities were aggregated the bigger proportion of poor households and poverty incidence is construed with remarkable spi arity. 2 summary Tables and Figures are located at Appendices 25 and Figures 1-10 on the previous pages. (OIA Ae aan eg he64.Although the proportion of NHTSPR and CBMS poor using the PMT has a slight varlations contrary to income and subsistence poor, whenever that the CBMS and NHTSR PMT results were combined it is consistently that there is a significant variations on the proximity of proportion of poor against its individual PMT results complimentary to NHTSPR data particularly at the provincial level. 65.1t is also evident that when the proportion of poor through CBMS PMT result is higher it is contrary to the PMT of NHTSPR but this does not mean that they have neither linear causal significant relationships nor inversely proportionate, (because this must be validated through statistical analysis) similar with the income poor and subsistence income poor. 6.6. The significant disparity in the magnitude and proportion of identified poor households for PMT of both systems speci alities may be attributable to the different periods where the reference survey data were taken (on CBMS) wi homogenous for NHTSPR. Moreover, the proportions of poor households for NHTSPR, were parallel on the total number of households based from the NSO 2007 data and not really delved on the proportion of poor over the enumerated households which might also contributed to the minor variations, but generally it does not greatly affect to get the entire representation of the results. &7.The result of CBMS and NHTSPR initial cross validation on the identified poor household, revealed us some points to reflect on with regards to CBMS and NHTSPR complementation. Although this paper is just an initial and no further statistical analysis (has been explored yet) to prove the exact validity of the results specifically when it comes to the relationships and statistical soundness, hence it looks forward for more ‘comparative (statistical) analysis on the exploration of data between CBMS and NHTSPR convergence as a unified targeting system in the Philippines. 68.The information based on this analysis may shed light on the geographic factors, homogeneity of period in survey data as reference in analysis associated in targeting of poor households and rates of poverty estimates. 69.The data can be used for further analysis quantifying suspected pr¢ municipal disparities in the magnitude of poor and poverty incidence in a 610. The information on CBMS and NHTSPR cross referencing facilitates the careful targeting system in delivering and prioritizing social protection programs of the government particularly the DSWD. Gl. The policy implications of these findings present an important trade-off between targeting poor areas and poor people that can only be resolved with better information and better targeting system relative to the delivery of government's different social protection programs. 612. The effective and efficient program implementation of various social protection programs rely on sound targeting system. (SUTRA se oa rnd gen elope Ee sb7. Recommendations /Points for Convergence 74. Local Government Units and NHTSPR NPMO could further study the reliability of harmonizing both systems using PMT based from this initial result. 7.2Regional Interagency members could utilize the initial output of cross-validated households as the immediate (primary) priority of social protection programs becatise those are certain poorest of the poor, by combining the CBMS and NHTSPR PMT and income based targeting system. 7.3.The Regional Development Council of MIMAROPA may explore and study the results of this paper for further exploration on the reliability and robustness test of CBMS and NHTSPR convergence model for sound targeting system in the region. 7.4.Replicate the analysis to other areas with e the time series data for better results, 1 CBMS and NHTSPR data, particular 75.Explore further statistically if there are significant relationship the results of PMT of CBMS and PMT of NHTSPR due to generally observed opposite results, the higher figures in CBMS the lower figures in NHTSPR. 7.6.Based from the result, NSCB could further study the convergence of CBMS and NHTSPR using the PMT, considering the insignificant margin of CBMS PMT and NHTSPR PMT for cost efficiency and pilot test its methodology for unified targeting system in the country.8 References Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) (2007). Survey of Hunger Incidence in the Philippines (SHIP).Department of Agriculture, Bersales, L.G.B. (2007). The Development of a Hunger Index for the PI Methodology and Results. lippines: ‘Community-Based Monitoring System International Network(CBMS IN), 2008 CBMS Results for the Provinces of Palawan, Marinduque, Romblon,Oriental and Occidental Mindoro. Department Of Social Welfare And Development (DSWD)}-Department Order # Ol, Series , 2008: Adopting A Household Targeting System For Poverty Reduction For DSWD. Social Protection Services, 2008 Department Of Social Welfare And Development (DSWD)-Department Order # 02, Series , 2009, Guidelines On The Sharing Of Data Generated From The National Household Targeting System For Poverty Reduction. 2009 FAO, 2000. The State of Food Insecurity in the World hetp:/ /www.fivims.net FAO, 2003. FAO Methodology for the Measurement of Food Deprivation, FAO Rome, October 2003. Florentino, RF. (2007). Proposed Hunger Index for the Philippines, Report of Consultancy. FNRI, 2006, Philippine Nutrition, Facts and Figures 2003. 6 th National Nutrition Survey 2003. FNRI, 2006. 2005 Updating of Nutritional Status of Children. Terminal Report. Human Development Network, 2000 Phi Relevance and Access 21 Hhdn.org. access-in-basic-education / ine Human Development Report, Quality, Basic Education, Accessed 7 July 2011. /relevance-and- Human Development Network 2002 Philippine Human Development Report, Work and Well-Being. Accessed 7 July 20Il. http:/ /hdn.org.ph/2002-philippine-human- development-report-work-and-well-being/ Human Development Network, 2005 Philippine Human Development Report, Peace, Human Security and Human Development. Accessed 7 July 20Il. http:/ /hdn.org.ph/2005- jine-human-development-report-peace-human-security-and-human-development/ Human Development Network, 2008/2009 Philippine Human Development, Report,Institutions, Politics and Human Development. Accessed 7 July 20Il. a ment-report-institutions-and- IFRI, 2006 Global hunger Index: A Basis for Cross Country Comparison, October 2006. Jarabejo EH. 201. Proposed Framework for MIMAROPA Region on Data Sharing,Advocacy and Social Marketing Strategies National Household Targeting System For Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR),(Discussion Paper, Presented during I* National Household Targeting System Regional Project Management Office Meeting June Ol, 2011). DSWD FOIVB. 2011 Jarabejo, E. H, 2011. Environmental Governance and Human Development in Palawan, Philippines. Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. April 20! National Anti Poverty Commission (201I), Philippine Poverty Microscopes: National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) and Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS), Office of the President. National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB). NSCB Resolution No. 18, Series of 2009.Recognizing and Enjoining Support to The National Household Targeting System For Poverty Reduction Being Implemented by The Department of Social Welfare And Development as a Tool To Identify Beneficiaries Of Social Protection Programs, 2009 National Household Targeting System Operations Manual, Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Batasan Hills Complex, Quezon City. National Nutrition Council (NNC), “Identifying Food Insecure and Vulnerable Areas in the Philippines through FIVIMS”, NNC Report to the Cabinet, I7 January 2006 National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), 200éa, http://www.nscb.gov.ph. June 6, \ 2008 Office Of The President, Executive Order No. 867, Providing For The Adoption of the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction as The Mechanism For Identifying Poor Households Who Shall Be Recipients Of Social Protection Programs Nationwide Malacanang, Manila, 2007. 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SALIENT FEATURES OF COMMUNITY-BASED MONITORING SYSTEM (CBMS) AND NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD "TARGETING SYSTEM FOR POVERTY REDUCTION (NHTSPR) FEATURES cans NETS The COWS f an organized way of collecting ongoing ‘or recurring information at the local level to be Used by local governments, national government | The NHTSPR Isa system foridentifving who and where agencies, non-government organization {NGOS}, and | the poot households are, The system that guarantee DESCRIPTION/OBIEC We vil society for planning, budgeting, "and implementing ocal development programs, as well the generation and establishment of a socio-economic database of poor households which will be used 25 ssformontaing an valine peromonc | teerene n° ening, beneteares tse Ths ts fe fopeoned Ha green oc | peas east mia mal Gamocate deen mating tnt promotes great | hematin tarepmency and eeamsiy hr resuee ° biocon | = Nationwide/ Actual Those 1GUs with CEMS Annual | Nationwide All 1GUs (province, —munidipal and 3 loro fom ma barangays argt br RHTSPR a Tor Ene or Mun, abo SOK por * Inddence tnd for elow SOK poverty Icdnce 3 francerins | rot enumerton rockets of rove fumplg based am USU seco e economic profile e.g CBMS result)/ Actual - 80%-95% é i a NEDA Reso. 06, S. 2006/ NAPC en banc reso 07, S, | DSWD-Dept Order 01-2008/ AO 02-2009/E0 Office of 5 J acom.sass | 20a Cabinet tee s1208065, 6 2008/ OG | tne Presiden 675.2009) Hane hes Oh aosTace Momo Ge 200392 ness 5200, SUBGETSOUREE —| 10 intra Revers nian TA Toa Govern Fund (tom oa 1 Smal ren Povey Estimates (6 fr setcin of nt Aven Poverty tstmaes tn “DS primary date) 2 Family and income Fee ice revere’ eesmates) (GAG) NSO) Expenditure Survey (FIES, NSCB selection per Province) svaraiat | fen, 2 omy an ame opens | EBERT Se (FES, ECR ston per Pov METHODOLOGY | Survey {FIES, NSCB<_ NSO) [ StatSim Statistical Sadia Lae lt serty {Fi WScBe NO ost rebel test ange by tat ‘rere, turop, ina ana ira or is tng and poverty mapping) "ype Keepers opr WaT om rncome vancome a - Nand peo sal preston pogo member cout | scorittw/ncmeselo ovr vets | Nand Emglgment nd Osspaton (34 3 of aes oa Sofie GS) 4 sar anon a oft merry aT] i Foucanon No. e-efmenber whoa uempoyes of. fy workings /oFW HES] 3 Saf eren 612 no sending elem ha _[ of cen 612 po ately elemento sho] 2 Sof caer 1936 rol ated cade chan [ Sa chiten {Saat ody sean areal oa S| arene fof cay 616 no atoning oo sa cer ¢Lenor tering sol Se een of cre 6-12 not attending schoo! of chren 612 nat atending enol 0,34 3 of witout aces toa water ip [ of is wna scat ater upiy 8 Hots witout acs tanta toet aces _[ ef He what ces oor ae te /ape 8 | acre 3 No and ype o Ws hr roe "Tor 3 | novsme oo Hs ing makes owing ee eee z ‘No. of His who are squatters ‘tenurial status and displacement (3,9) wearma fren 03 whoare manors eth comptane-dewermir (artnet ea % of children 0 who are malnourished lance -deworming (pantawid parilya) PEACE & ORDER of eldren 05 who died Health compllance-updates [pantawid pamiya) % of children who wore victims of eine 9% of HHs in a community experienced displacement(27,25) APPENDIX 2. Minimum Basic Needs Indicators Survival Food and Nutrition ‘Newborns with birthweight of atleast 25 tas (65 Tbe) No severely and moderately underweight children under 5 years old Pregnant and lactating mother provided with: a) iron supplements, 5) iodine supplements Infants exclusively breastfeed for atleast the final 4 months Deliveries attended by trained personnel (OL year old infants fully immunized Pregnant women given atleast cwo (2) doses of tetanus toxotd [Not more than one (0 diarrheal case per child below 5 years old [No deaths in the family due to preventable causes ‘Couples with acess to family planning services ‘Couples practicing family planning Solo parent availing of health care services Water and Sanitation Family with access to sae drinking water within 250m. (or en ‘minutes walk from their homes) Family with sanitary toilets Clothing Family members with basic clothing (atleast three (3) sets oF external clothing) Security Shelter Housing owned, rented or shared ‘Housing durable for at east 5 years Peace and Onder /Pble Safety Family members not victimized by crimes againat person Family members safe from crimes against property 'No family member displaced by natural disaster 'No family member vitimized by armed conflict Income and Livelihood Head of the family gainfully employed (Other members ofthe family & years old and above gainfully employed Family with income above subsistence threshold level Empowerment Basic Education and Functional All children 3-5 years old attending day care/ preschool All children 62 years old in elementary school All children 13.15 years old high school Weracy ‘+All family members 10 years old and above are functionally Terate {able to read and write and do simple computations) + At least one family member involved in atleast one legitimate People's Paricpation/ Community Development | __people's organizaton/assocation for community development Qualified members ofthe family voted during the last electionFamily care and Psyco-Social Needs ‘= _No children below 18 years old engaged in hazardous occupation Tneidence of domestic violence [No child below 7 years old left unattended Source: A Guidebok on ntalng@ Community-Based formation Stem for Minimum Batic Needs (as cred By Reyea © A ROOT) APPENDIX 3. PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS IDENTIFIED POOR (CBMS AND NHTSPR- MIMAROPA 2011 memcvamy | Prenat] prea | pworean | Sains | "mnoed PMT PMT ‘on income ‘on income Lenten 3 | Gasan 30% 56.2 429 65.2 4 | Mogpog 25 48.4 33.8 68.5. 5 | stacruz 2.7 41 26.4 738 3 renee ero 9 | Roxas 60% 60.5 67.2 is ae a Sees iT [one gn cr is [ena res len = ace irs 27 | province of Palawan 4238 ‘4408 | aassI| 73.48 (ATR sepa ingen Papper Ec ane Gombe Monn yen CB a Hal Tagg Se vey aon[30 | provine orienta mindoro ae |GET] ses 422 os Legend: Color coded cell signify that figures are probably closed to real figures of poor ina given area, APPENDIX 4. PERCENTAGE OF IDENTIFIED POOR HOUSEHOLDS AFTER CONVERGENCE ‘CBMS AND NHTSPR-MIMAROPA 2013 (8) vanciasy |p | MABE eyes | cman rsen cams | Cnereed | hoor put Poor PMT 1 | ose 3045 76 20% 3% 2 | evensvista 1916 964 0% 20% 3 | casan 2267 5 30% 2% 4 | moppog 1833 932 1% 5%, 5 | stacruz 3609 259 20% 2% 6 | Torjoe me 753 30% 35% 7 | cata city 4270 2705 ox 2% 8 | rinamaayan 5499 3023 72% 1%, 9 | Roxas 3317 2302 72% 46% 10 | socoro 2930 2097 2% 0% 11 | vietria 2655 1363 5% 3% 12 | Brooke's Point 6227, 1577 25% 27% 13 | quezon 5726 1863 2% 20% 14 | puerto Princesa ty 7761 3675 am 20% 15 | Roxas 323 1735 53% 20%, 16 [ odiongan 2487 252 ux 5% 17 [ Rombion 2590 1025 20% am 18 | cajsiocan 1950 7 3% 20% 19 [ san Fernando 2014 206 23%, 51% 20 | sansose 20 aa. 55% 2% 21 | sansose 2042 2201 25% 25% 22 [ wang 3006 $00 0% 7% 23 | sabiyan 5878 2126 20% 20% 24 | sta cuz 3360 25 | mamburao 2196 880 ae Be 26 | provinee marinvave 1588 5683 20% 2% 27 | Provines of Palawan 22850 2830 30% 20% 28 | province of Rombion a 3882 20% ae oars acm CS) an al Tas Sen roe Ran ny ssProvince of Occidental 29 | mindoro 20482 e287 31% 41% 30 | province Oriental Mindoro | 18605 12480 orm a7% nd: Color coded cell signify that figures are probably closed fo real figures of poor in @ given area APPENDIX 5,PERCENTAGE OF IDENTIFIED POOR HOUSEHOLDS AFTER CONVERGENCE ‘CBMS AND NHTSPR-MIMAROPA 2011 (A) z Maniaty camerasamrsen | CM*EEUEENS | oHterance Poor | perme 1 [reste im = 2 [snow 6 i 3 | mogpog 19% 35% 4 can ia 5 5 | eerie = = «| aoe i 2 7 oot Poi x % [austen 2 7m 2 | eto Pc Cy x 2 10 | Roas 20 % 11 | Aomsion 2 a 12 odie ax ax 13 | santemde x 2x 14 [Sonos ane % 15 | ojiean x 15x 16 bang 3 a 27 | ante 1 1 12 sayin 2K 1% 12 [sansa 1 am 20] eaoan cy mm 2 2: | pamainan a mx 12 [rons 8 % 23 [soca ase 7 22 [wets 2 ax | proncmnaiae mm a 25 | ron ofrsoven 2m % 2 ersnc fronton 2 a 28] oroncofociersindrs ms a 28 | rine Oat Nino a0 1 end Color coded cell signify that figures are probably closed to real figures of poor in a given area. ‘enon tara FOC Ving te Conan Minn (CBN) al Neo end Tepe Seo Povey Roan [NSP eonmer ernie ste Paper Em I)APPENDIX 6: MUNICIPALITIES WITH CBMS AND NHTSPR Gomes Municipality NTS CBMS_— TOTAL Baco y 22 Calapan city 22 Gloria 2 Pinamalayan 2 Puerto Galera 2a Oriental Mindoro JE 22 San Teodoro Socorro Victoria Naujan Pola Bansud Bongabong Bulalacao Mansalay Occ. Mindoro ene Looe tubang Mambureo Rial Sablayan San Jose Abra De llog Paluan Sta Cruz Magsaysay CRUE Aborian Agutaya Busuanga Cagayaneillo Coron y y y y y y y Y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y yCalon aaa Dumaran yoy ap ELNido Y Y 2/2 Uinapacan Y Y 2/2 ‘Magsaysay Y y 22 ‘Quezon Y Y 2/2 SepemvEeNaT Roxas - Y 22 San Vicente Y iF 2/2 Sofroniotspanola = Y= YO Taytay Toye Narre gee eaeercra Puerto Prineesacty = Y Yaa cuyo Yooy 2 TE Ste crn WEaNEea22 Mogpos enema e/a Buenavista RY ataT Y Y 2/2 v A 22 Y y 22 Cae Y Y 22 ‘Sta Maria Y Yy 22 Romblon y Yy ze Banton TAREE San andres Vasa er Concepcion Y oy 2@ Mogdiwang ENR Alcantara Y y 22 ‘Odiongan ¥ ¥ 22 Looc Y Y 22 Ferrol x yi 22 Calatrava y Y 22 San Agustin REI stare aa 2 2 Corcuera aaa San Jose Yooy 2. San Fernando RTT Source: DUG Website hts mw diz ov nh /RenorsRasourcesAcve ha yeves NNO. 2/2-Both CANS and NHTSPR ate avaiable 4/2-Only CaM or NTSPR is avalable ‘wstra wn FOCUS: Vein Commi Morgen CRS) dN Hora Ten Sen Py Ran (Gas). eo one ogg sen Pipe! Dy Eo te)