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Lecture 17 - ACAC

This document discusses different types of AC/AC converters including AC voltage controllers, cycloconverters, matrix converters, and dual-active-bridge converters. It provides details on their structures, operating principles, and typical waveforms. Main application sectors of AC/AC converters include soft-starters, heating/lighting control, variable speed drives, and reactive power compensation.

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Đạt Nguyễn Xuân
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20 views

Lecture 17 - ACAC

This document discusses different types of AC/AC converters including AC voltage controllers, cycloconverters, matrix converters, and dual-active-bridge converters. It provides details on their structures, operating principles, and typical waveforms. Main application sectors of AC/AC converters include soft-starters, heating/lighting control, variable speed drives, and reactive power compensation.

Uploaded by

Đạt Nguyễn Xuân
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

10/31/2023
EE3147 POWER ELECTRONICS

AC/AC CONVERTERS
Dr. Duy-Dinh Nguyen
Dept. of IA, School of EE
General introduction
𝑖𝑑𝑐 𝑖𝑎𝑐
AC

~ 𝑣𝑑𝑐 𝑣𝑎𝑐

AC

AC source AC/AC inverters AC loads


AC grid, AC voltage controllers, AC motors,
secondary winding of Cycloconverters, AC grids,
line transformers, Matrix converters, Fan, pumps,
secondary side of high Lighting systems,
freq. isolated converters, Heating systems,
Generator outputs etc.
10/31/2023 3
Classification

AC/AC converters

AC voltage Cyclo- Matrix


controllers converters Converters

10/31/2023 4
AC voltage controllers: R-Load
• Single phase AC voltage
controllers

Various types of single phase


AC voltage controllers Typical waveform with R-load
10/31/2023 5
AC voltage controllers: R-Load

• Output RMS voltage


1 𝜋 2 2
𝑉𝑜 = න 2𝑉𝑠 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜋 𝛼

𝛼 sin 2𝛼
= 𝑉𝑠 1 − +
𝜋 2𝜋
where 𝛼 is the firing angle
• RMS current in SCR
𝐼𝑜,𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝐼𝑆𝐶𝑅,𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
2
Typical waveform with R-load
10/31/2023 6
AC voltage controllers: RL-Load

• Output RMS voltage


1 𝛽 2 2
𝑉𝑜 = න 2𝑉𝑠 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜋 𝛼

𝑉𝑠 sin 2𝛼 sin 2𝛽
= 𝛽−𝛼+ −
𝜋 2 2
where 𝛼 is the firing angle, 𝛽 is the
extinction angle, 𝜙 is the load angle:
sin 𝛽 − 𝛼
= sin(𝛼 − 𝜙) 1 − 𝑒 (𝛼−𝛽)/𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜙

Typical waveform with R-load


10/31/2023 7
AC voltage controllers: R-Load
• Three phase AC voltage 𝛼 = 30𝑜
controllers

𝛼 = 75𝑜

𝛼 = 120𝑜

Various types of three phase


AC voltage controllers Typical waveform with R-load
10/31/2023 8
AC voltage controllers: R-Load
𝛼 = 30𝑜
•Output voltage depends on 𝛼
≫ 0 < 𝛼 < 60𝑜 :
3𝛼 3
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑠 1 − + sin 2𝛼
2𝜋 4𝜋 𝛼 = 75𝑜
≫ 60𝑜 < 𝛼 < 90𝑜
1 3 𝜋
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑠 + sin 2𝛼 + sin 2𝛼 +
2 4𝜋 3
𝑜 𝑜 𝛼 = 120𝑜
≫ 90 < 𝛼 < 150
5 3𝛼 3 𝜋
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑠 − + sin 2𝛼 +
4 2𝜋 4𝜋 3
Typical waveform with R-load
10/31/2023 9
AC voltage controllers: RL-Load
• For L-Load (R = 0 Ω) 𝛼 = 90𝑜
≫ 90𝑜 < 𝛼 < 120𝑜
5 3𝛼 3
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑠 − + sin 2𝛼
2 𝜋 2𝜋
≫ 120𝑜 < 𝛼 < 150𝑜
5 3𝛼 3 𝜋
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑠 − + sin 2𝛼 + 𝛼 = 60𝑜
2 𝜋 2𝜋 3

• For RL Load, analysis is


complicated
Typical waveform with R-load
10/31/2023 10
AC voltage controllers: RL-Load
• Control range of three-phase 𝛼 = 90𝑜
AC voltage controllers

𝛼 = 60𝑜

Control range with various


types of load Typical waveform with RL-load
10/31/2023 11
Cycloconverters
• Single phase Cycloconverters

50 Hz to 16 2Τ3 Hz conversion

Structure and equivalent circuit 50 Hz to 10 Hz conversion


10/31/2023 12
Cycloconverters
• Three phase Cycloconverters

Structure Typical waveforms


10/31/2023 13
High frequency cycloconverter
• High frequency input
from transformer
• SPWM is done in the
primary side Cyclo-inverter

Typical waveforms
(*) Kim, J.K., Kim, S.G. and Park, S.M., 2019, October. Analysis of Switch Losses in Cycloconverter-Type High Frequency Link Converter for Bidirectional
10/31/2023 Battery Chargers. In 2019 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. 14
Dual-Active-Bridge AC/AC converters
• Bidirectional switches
• High-frequency
transformer
• Phase-shift modulation DAB AC/AC converter

Forward mode Reverse mode


(*) Qin, H. and Kimball, J.W., 2012. Solid-state transformer architecture using AC–AC dual-active-bridge converter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial
10/31/2023 Electronics, 60(9), pp.3720-3730. 15
Matrix converters
• Indirect matrix converters
• There is a “virtual” DC bus
• Capacitor-free

10/31/2023 16
Matrix converters
• Direct matrix converters
• Direct AC/AC conversion
• NO DC-bus at all
• Bidirectional
switches
• Complicated
switch selection
table

10/31/2023 17
Conclusions
• Main application sectors
• Soft-starters: pumps, blowers, fans, etc.; Heating, lighting
control; Electronics contactors; Static reactive compensators
• High-power low-speed reversible AC drives;
• Variable speed AC drives
• etc.
• Pros.
• Save component counts, less conversion stage
• Capacitor-less
• Cons.
• Bulky, high harmonics, low power factor
• Complicated control (Matrix converters)
• Low flexibility
10/31/2023 18
THANKS
FOR
ATTENTIONS

10/31/2023 19

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