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1 A sailor uses a winch to raise a sail on a boat. The diagram shows the sailor turning the winch.

sail

winch

Describe two useful energy transfers when the sailor uses the winch to raise the sail.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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2 Two blocks, A and B, are joined by a thin thread that passes over a frictionless pulley. Block A is
at rest on a rough horizontal surface and block B is held at rest, just below the pulley.

The diagram shows the thread hanging loose.

pulley
block A thread

block B

rough horizontal surface

(not to scale)

Block B is released and it falls vertically. The thread remains loose until block B has fallen a distance
of 0.45 m.

When the thread tightens, it pulls on block A which moves to the right.

Both of the blocks now move at a constant speed of 0.60 m / s until block B hits the ground and the
thread becomes loose.

Explain the energy change that takes place in block A after block B stops moving.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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3 Two blocks, A and B, are joined by a thin thread that passes over a frictionless pulley. Block A is
at rest on a rough horizontal surface and block B is held at rest, just below the pulley.

The diagram shows the thread hanging loose.

pulley
block A thread

block B

rough horizontal surface

(not to scale)

Block B is released and it falls vertically. The thread remains loose until block B has fallen a distance
of 0.45 m.

The mass of block B is 0.50 kg.

Calculate the change in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of block B as it falls through
0.45 m.

change in g.p.e. ...................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

4 A quantity of gas is trapped by a piston in a cylinder with thin metal walls. The piston is free to move
without friction within the cylinder.

The diagram shows the cylinder and piston.

gas

cylinder

piston
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The cylinder is placed inside a freezer.

5
The air in the freezer is at atmospheric pressure, which is 1.0 × 10 Pa.
−3 2
The area of the piston in contact with the air in the freezer is 2.4 × 10 m .

(a) Calculate the force exerted on the piston by the air in the freezer.

force = .......................................................... [2]

(b) When the cylinder is first placed into the freezer, the temperature of the gas in the cylinder
decreases and the air pushes the piston into the cylinder.

Calculate the work done on the piston by the air in the freezer as the air pushes the piston a
distance of 0.021 m into the cylinder.

work done = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 4]

5 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.

Block A is lifted by a motor. Block B is lifted by a person.

block A block B
mass = 70 kg mass = 70 kg
3.0 m
ground
electric level
motor

Both blocks are lifted at the same steady speed. The blocks are then held at a height of 3.0 m.

(a) Compare the energy gained by block A with the energy gained by block B.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) Explain why the energy input to the motor is more than the energy gained by block A.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

6 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.

Block A is lifted by a motor. Block B is lifted by a person.

block A block B
mass = 70 kg mass = 70 kg
3.0 m
ground
electric level
motor

Complete the following sentences.

As the motor starts turning, it usefully transfers ............................................... energy to

............................................... energy.

Both blocks gain ............................................... energy. [3]

[Total: 3]