Standard English Conventions - Form, 4.

Called embouchure, the shape of a skilled

Structure, and Sense. trumpet player’s lips ______ for playing a
wide range of notes with clear tone and
1. When a fire burns red or green or blue, the without muscle strain.
color of its flames ______ the chemical
composition of the combustible material. Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard
Which choice completes the text so that it English?
conforms to the conventions of Standard
English? A) allows

A) indicate B) are allowing

B) indicates C) allow

C) have indicated D) have allowed

D) are indicating
5. It is hard to live in Antarctica. The cold, dry
environment provides the continent’s soil-
2. A Neapolitan pizza made with San Marzano
dwelling microbes few nutrients, little water,
tomatoes ______ considered more traditional
and almost no sunlight. In a 2017 study of
than one made with any other type of
these organisms, microbiologist Belinda
tomatoes.
Ferrari reported that ______ able to survive on
Which choice completes the text so that it a diet of atmospheric gases found in the soil.
conforms to the conventions of Standard
Which choice completes the text so that it
English?
conforms to the conventions of Standard
A) are English?

B) have been A) it is

C) is B) this is

D) were C) either is

D) they are
3. The sum of money one donates to registered
nonprofit organizations ______ a deduction
that can be made from one’s taxable income. 6. Before a jury trial begins, lawyers for each
side interview potential jurors closely, ______
Which choice completes the text so that it questions intended to reveal any biases.
conforms to the conventions of Standard
English? Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard
A) represent English?
B) represents A) asking him or her
C) are representing B) asking them
D) have represented C) asking it

D) to ask him or her

7. Thanks to ______ long legs, giraffes are 10. Antarctic pearlwort, a low-growing shrub
very fast, running as quickly as 35 miles per with characteristic yellow flowers, is one of
hour in short bursts. only two native flowering plants which
______ in Antarctica.
Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard Which choice completes the text so that it
English? conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
A) its
A) were occurring
B) one’s
B) occur
C) their
C) are occurring
D) his or her
D) will have occurred
8. While many spiders use webs to catch their
food, others capture prey using hunting or 11. Before the museum closed permanently, it
burrowing techniques. Spiders from the family faced financial challenges that ______ a large
Ctenizidae, often called trapdoor spiders, deficit and declining ticket sale revenues.
______ their burrows with doors, using their
silk for hinges. Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard
Which choice completes the text so that it English?
conforms to the conventions of Standard
English? A) include

A) cover B) will include

B) are covering C) would include

C) will have covered D) included

D) had covered
12. Rabinal Achí is a precolonial Maya dance
drama performed annually in Rabinal, a town
9. Botanists recognize over fifty different
in the Guatemalan highlands. Based on events
species of sunflower, and variance exists even
that occurred when Rabinal was a city-state
in those species. One species, the silverleaf
ruled by a king, ______ had once been an ally
sunflower, ______ both an early-flowering
of the king but was later captured while
ecotype that tends to grow in coastal areas and
leading an invading force against him.
a late-flowering ecotype that grows inland.
Which choice completes the text so that it
Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard
conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
English?
A) Rabinal Achí tells the story of K’iche’
A) encompassing
Achí, a military leader who
B) to encompass
B) K’iche’ Achí, the military leader in the
C) encompasses story of Rabinal Achí,

D) having encompassed
C) there was a military leader, K’iche’ Achí, 15. Slam poet Elizabeth Acevedo’s debut
who in Rabinal Achí novel The Poet X, winner of the 2018 National
Book Award for Young People’s Literature, is
D) the military leader whose story is told in composed of ______ protagonist, fifteen-year-
Rabinal Achí, K’iche’ Achí, old Xiomara Batista.

Which choice completes the text so that it

13. Having returned from the ocean to the conforms to the conventions of Standard
stream where it was born, ______ after which English?
its offspring start the cycle anew.
A) poem’s putatively written by the novel’s
Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard B) poem’s putatively written by the novels’
English?
C) poems putatively written by the novels’
A) an adult salmon’s life cycle ends when it
spawns and dies, D) poems putatively written by the novel’s

B) an adult salmon spawns and dies,

completing its life cycle, 16. Labor unions are formed in order to protect
______ through collective bargaining, which
C) the spawning and death of an adult salmon gives employees greater leverage while
complete its life cycle, ensuring they are treated equally by
management.
D) the life cycle of an adult salmon is
complete when it spawns and die, Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard
14. While popular depiction might characterize English?
surfing as a summer sport, the reality is that
A) workers’ rights
winter conditions are considered better for
surfing. Generated by seasonal storms far off B) worker’s rights
the coast, ______
C) workers rights’
Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard D) workers’ rights’
English?
17. The striated ______ walls are the result of
A) surfers highly prize the large, predictable erosion and frost weathering having exposed
sets of waves that are created by winter swells. layers of multicolored sedimentary rock.
B) winter swells reach the shore as large, Which choice completes the text so that it
predictable sets of waves that are highly prized conforms to the conventions of Standard
by surfers. English?
C) the shore causes large winter swells to A) patterns’ of a canyons
break in predictable sets of waves highly
prized by surfers. B) patterns of a canyons’

D) winter is highly prized by surfers for large C) pattern’s of a canyon’s

swells that break in large, predictable sets of
D) patterns of a canyon’s
waves.
18. When they were first discovered in Which choice completes the text so that it
Australia in 1798, duck-billed, beaver-tailed conforms to the conventions of Standard
platypuses so defied categorization that one English?
scientist assigned them the name
Ornithorhynchus paradoxus: “paradoxical A) has enabled
bird-snout.” The animal, which lays eggs but B) enable
also nurses ______ young with milk, has since
been classified as belonging to the C) is enabling
monotremes group.
D) enables
Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard
21. In 2015, a team led by materials scientists
English?
Anirudha Sumant and Diana Berman
A) it’s succeeded in reducing the coefficient of
friction (COF) between two surfaces to the
B) their lowest possible level—superlubricity. A nearly
C) they’re frictionless (and, as its name suggests,
extremely slippery) state, ______
D) its
Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard
19. The African Games Co-production Market, English?
one of over 180 annual international
conferences supporting video game A) reaching superlubricity occurs when two
development, ______ the growth of the surfaces’ COF drops below 0.01.
African gaming industry by helping start-up B) superlubricity is reached when two
studios in Africa find partners. surfaces’ COF drops below 0.01.
Which choice completes the text so that it C) when their COF drops below 0.01, two
conforms to the conventions of Standard surfaces reach superlubricity.
English?
D) two surfaces, when their COF drops below
A) promotes 0.01, reach superlubricity.
B) promote

C) are promoting 22. After winning the 1860 presidential

election, Abraham Lincoln appointed Edward
D) have promoted Bates, Salmon P. Chase, and William H.
Seward to his cabinet. Lincoln’s decision was
surprising, since each of these men had run
20. Wanda Diaz-Merced, an astrophysicist against him, but historians have praised it,
who is blind, has developed software that can noting that Lincoln ______ his rivals’ diverse
translate astrophysical data into sound. Such talents to strengthen his administration.
tools ______ astrophysicists to detect subtle
patterns in data—patterns that may not be Which choice completes the text so that it
evident in graphs and other visual formats. conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?

A) will leverage
B) is leveraging supportive relationships with other Black
artists.
C) has leveraged
Which choice completes the text so that it
D) leveraged conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
23. In 1990, California native and researcher
Ellen Ochoa left her position as chief of the A) developing
Intelligent Systems Technology Branch at a
B) developed
NASA research center ______ the space
agency’s astronaut training program. C) having developed
Which choice completes the text so that it D) to develop
conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
26. Photographer Ansel Adams’s landscape
A) to join portraits are iconic pieces of American art.
However, many of the ______ of landscapes
B) is joining
were intended not as art but as marketing; a
C) joined concessions company at Yosemite National
Park had hired Adams to take pictures of the
D) joins park for restaurant menus and brochures.

Which choice completes the text so that it

24. In 1994, almost 200 years after the death conforms to the conventions of Standard
of Wang Zhenyi, the International English?
Astronomical ______ the contributions of the
barrier-breaking 18th-century astronomer and A) photographers early photo’s
author of “Dispute of the Procession of the
B) photographers early photos
Equinoxes,” naming a crater on Venus after
her. C) photographer’s early photos
Which choice completes the text so that it D) photographer’s early photo’s
conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
27. Ten of William Shakespeare’s plays are
A) Union, finally acknowledging classified as histories. Although each one of
these plays, which include Henry V and
B) Union, having finally acknowledged
Richard III, ______ on a single historical
C) Union would finally acknowledge figure (specifically, an English king), some,
such as Henry VI Part One and Henry VI Part
D) Union to finally acknowledge Two, feature different episodes from the same
monarch’s life.
25. Classical composer Florence Price’s 1927 Which choice completes the text so that it
move to Chicago marked a turning point in her conforms to the conventions of Standard
career. It was there that Price premiered her English?
First Symphony—a piece that was praised for
blending traditional Romantic motifs with A) focuses
aspects of Black folk music—and ______
B) focus
C) are focused Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard
D) were focused English?

28. Official measurements of the Mississippi A) is

River’s length vary: according to the US B) will be
Geologic Survey, the river is 2,300 miles long,
whereas the Environmental Protection Agency C) has been
records its length as 2,320 miles. This
D) was
disparity can be explained in part by the fact
that rivers such as the Mississippi expand and
contract as ______ sediment. 31. Earth is not a perfect sphere. Due to the
______ gravitational pull, Earth bulges out on
Which choice completes the text so that it the sides closest to and farthest from the
conforms to the conventions of Standard Moon. This distorting pull is known as a tidal
English? force, and it is responsible for the changes in
A) one accumulates water levels that are called high and low tides.

B) they accumulate Which choice completes the text so that it

conforms to the conventions of Standard
C) it accumulates English?

D) we accumulate A) Moon’s

B) Moons
29. In 1881, French chemist Camille Faure
redesigned the rechargeable lead-acid battery. C) Moons’
Faure’s design greatly increased the amount of
electricity that the original battery, which the D) Moon
French physicist Gaston Planté ______ fifteen
years earlier, could hold. 32. Oglala Lakota poet Layli Long Soldier’s
star quilt poems offer an unusually open-ended
Which choice completes the text so that it reading experience. With ______ eight panels
conforms to the conventions of Standard of text stitched together in the shape of a
English? traditional eight-pointed Lakota star quilt, the
A) is inventing poems present viewers with a seemingly
infinite number of ways to read them.
B) will invent
Which choice completes the text so that it
C) had invented conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
D) invents
A) their
30. Occupying a significant part of modern- B) it’s
day Nigeria, the Kingdom of Benin was one of
the major powers in West Africa between the C) they’re
thirteenth and nineteenth centuries. It ______
D) its
ruled by Oba Ewuare I from 1440 to 1473.