A

Micro Project On
“Calling system using RFID technology”

Submitted By

07. Aditi Jadhav

Under Guidance of
Mr. D.W. Chinchkhede

Diploma Course in Information Technology

(As per directives of I Scheme, MSBTE)

Sinhgad Institutes
Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s
SOU. VENUTAI CHAVAN POLYTECHNIC, PUNE - 411041
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023 - 2024
 Maharashtra State Board of technical
Education Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Aditi Jadhav with Roll No. 07 Six Semester
of Diploma in Information Technology of Institute Sou. Venutai
Chavan Polytechnic (Code:0040) has successfully completed the
Micro-Project in Wireless and Mobile Network (22622) for the
academic year 2023-2024.

Place: SVCP, Pune Enrolment No: 2100400211

Date: 04-04-2024 Exam Seat No: 173834

Mr. D.W. Chinchkhede Mr. U. S. Shirshetti Dr. M. S. Jadhav

Course Teacher Head of Department Principal
 Annexure – I
Part A-Micro project proposal

A. BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

This project describes an RFID-based appointment calling system. It uses RFID tags to automate
queue management, improve communication, and make appointments more efficient. The system
benefits both patients and staff by reducing wait times and streamlining the process.

B. AIM OF THE PROJECT:

The project entitled “Calling system using RFID technology” is aimed to develop a Project of
Wireless and Mobile Network.

C.INTENTED COURSE OUTCOME:

a) Select cellular Mobile system standard.

b) Maintain wireless network Technologies.
c) Maintain wireless mobile application.
d) Interpret the components of WLL Applications.
e) Maintain Adhoc and wireless sensor network.

D.RESOURCES REQUIRED:

Name of Resource
Sr. No. Specification
Required
1 Laptop Intel (R) Core i3- 8GB RAM
2 Operating system Windows 11
3 Software Word
ACTION PLAN:

SR.NO. DETAIL OF ACTIVITY WEEK

1 Discussion and finalization of topic 05-01-2024

2 Preparation and submission of Abstract 12-01-2024

3 Literature Review 02-02-2024

4 Collection of Data 09-02-2024

5 Discussion and outline of Content 01-03-2024
6 Editing and proof Reading of Content 15-03-2024

7 Compilation of Report and Presentation 22-03-2024

8 Final submission of Micro Project 04-04-2024

GROUP MEMBERS:

Roll. No. Name of group members

07 Aditi Jadhav
 Annexure II
Part B- Micro-Project
1. Rationale

Wireless and mobile networks play an increasingly important role in the world of communications. This course
provides an introduction to various current and next generation wireless networking technologies, and undertakes a
detailed exploration of fundamental architectural and design principles used at all layers of communication protocol
stack. Students will also be able to analyze wireless protocols and their performance using tools and realistic
simulations to maintain the wireless and mobile networks.

2. Course Outcome Addressed

b) Maintain wireless network Technologies.

3. Actual Method Followed

The process for this micro project is to make a “Calling system using RFID technology”.

We collect information and organize by following points:

1. Collect the information on Overview Management.

2. Show the information to faculty.

3. First make a raw report and then correct it.

4. Then prepare a project on “Calling system using RFID technology”.

5. Make a presentation on the “Calling system using RFID technology”.

6. Make pdf of report and print it.

7. We learn more about Wireless and Mobile Network.

 ANNEXURE III
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2023-2024 Name of the Faculty: Mr. D. W. Chinchkhede
Course: Wireless and Mobile Network Course Code: 22622 Semester: Six
Title of the project: “Calling system using RFID technology”

COs addressed by Micro Project:

S. No Course Outcomes

b. Maintain wireless network Technologies.

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project

(a) Practical outcome:

• Apply RFID technology for real life application using RFID kit.
(b) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

2.3 WLANS (Wireless LANs) IEEE 802.11 standard, RFID

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for

Roll performance in performance in
No Name of the Student group activity oral/ presentation Total Marks out
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9) of 10

07 Aditi Jadhav

(Name & Signature)

 ➢ Introduction

This project aims to develop and implement a novel appointment calling system utilizing Radio-Frequency
Identification (RFID) technology. This system seeks to enhance efficiency and convenience within appointment-
based settings such as hospitals, clinics, and service centers.

Traditional appointment systems often involve manual queuing and calling, leading to potential issues such as:

• Inefficiency: Manual queue management can be time-consuming and prone to errors.

• Confusion: Delayed or unclear announcements can cause frustration and confusion among patients.
• Lack of organization: Inefficient systems can lead to long wait times and dissatisfaction for patients.

This RFID-based appointment calling system addresses these challenges by leveraging the strengths of RFID
technology:

• Automated and contactless: Patients receive unique RFID tokens and simply scan them upon arrival, eliminating
the need for physical queues and paper tickets.
• Improved organization: The system maintains a digital queue, ensuring a clear and orderly sequence of
appointments.
• Enhanced communication: Clear visual and audible notifications (via LCD display and buzzer) announce the
called token, streamlining communication and reducing confusion.

This project offers a practical and innovative solution for managing appointments, aiming to improve the overall
experience for both patients and staff, promoting efficiency and convenience within various appointment-based
environments.
 ➢ Benefits

For Patients:

• Improved convenience: No need to stand in physical queues, saving waiting time and frustration.
• Enhanced communication: Clear visual and audible notifications ensure patients know when their turn is
approaching, reducing confusion.
• Increased efficiency: Faster and more streamlined appointment process, leading to shorter waiting times.
• Contactless check-in: Minimizes physical contact with surfaces, promoting hygiene and potentially reducing germ
spread.

For Staff:

• Reduced workload: Automates queue management, freeing up staff time for other tasks.
• Improved organization: Ensures a clear and orderly sequence of appointments, minimizing confusion and
disruptions.
• Enhanced communication: System provides clear information on which patient to call next, streamlining
communication.
• Increased efficiency: Faster appointment flow leads to more patients being seen within a timeframe.

Additional Benefits:

• Scalability: The system can be easily scaled to accommodate different appointment volumes and environments.
• Customization: The system can be customized to display additional information like patient names or appointment
types.
• Potential cost savings: Over time, the system can potentially lead to cost savings through improved efficiency and
reduced manual tasks.
 ➢ Working principle:

1. Patient Check-in: When a patient arrives, they scan their assigned RFID tag at the reader. This reader is
connected to an Arduino microcontroller, which is like a small computer controlling the entire system.

2. Data Processing: Upon scanning, the Arduino reads the unique identifier (ID) embedded in the RFID tag. This
ID is like a fingerprint for the tag, ensuring each patient is uniquely identified by the system.

3. Queue Management: The Arduino doesn't just store the ID, it actually adds it to a special type of list called a
"First-In-First-Out (FIFO)" queue. Imagine this queue like a line where the first person who enters (in this case, the
first scanned ID) is the first one to leave (get called for their appointment).

4. Calling System: When a staff member (e.g., doctor, receptionist) finishes an appointment, they press a button.
This button press acts as a signal to the Arduino.

5. Display and Notification: Receiving the button press signal, the Arduino retrieves the next ID from the queue
(remember, it's FIFO!). This retrieved ID corresponds to the next patient in line. The Arduino then performs two
actions:

• Displays: It converts the ID into a token number (if needed) and displays it on the LCD screen for everyone
to see.
• Notifies: It triggers the buzzer or speaker to play a sound, further notifying everyone about the called token.

6. Queue Update: Finally, the Arduino removes the called ID from the queue. This ensures the next patient in line
will be called in the correct order during the next staff member button press.
 ➢ Components and materials

Hardware:

• Microcontroller Board: The brain of the system, responsible for processing data and controlling
functionalities. Popular choices include Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi, or similar boards.
• RFID Reader Module: Reads the unique identifier from the RFID tags when scanned. Choose a module
compatible with your chosen microcontroller and operating voltage.
• RFID Tags: Unique tokens assigned to patients for identification and check-in. Select tags that are durable,
secure, and compatible with the chosen reader module.
• LCD Display: Shows the currently called token number. Choose an LCD with appropriate size, resolution,
and backlight if needed.
• Buzzer or Speaker: Provides an audible notification when a token is called. Select a buzzer or speaker
with suitable sound output level and operating voltage.
• Connecting Wires: Connect all components for proper communication and power supply. Choose wires
with appropriate gauge and length for reliable connections.
• Breadboard or PCB: A platform for prototyping and connecting components easily. Use a breadboard for
initial development or a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) for a more permanent and professional setup.

Software:

• Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment): Used to write and upload code to the
microcontroller board. Download and install the version compatible with your chosen board.
• Libraries: Specific libraries for the chosen RFID reader module and LCD display are typically required
for communication and control. Refer to the module's documentation for library recommendations and
installation instructions.

Optional Materials:

• Power Supply: Depending on the chosen components, you might need a power supply or adapter to provide
sufficient voltage and current for the system.
• Enclosure (Optional): A case to protect and house the assembled system, especially if used in a permanent
environment. Choose an enclosure with appropriate ventilation and access points for components.
 ➢ System Design

1. Library Setup:

• Include necessary libraries specific to your RFID reader module and LCD display in the Arduino code.

2. Variable Declaration:

• Define variables to store the scanned RFID tag ID, queue data structure (e.g., array), and current token
number.

3. RFID Reader Initialization:

• Initialize the RFID reader module using its corresponding library functions.

4. Main Loop:

• Implement a continuous loop to continuously check for scanned RFID tags and update the queue:
• Read data: Use the RFID reader library functions to read data from the RFID tag when scanned and store
the unique ID in the designated variable.
• Queue Management:
• If the scanned ID is not already present in the queue, add it to the end of the queue data structure.
• If the queue is empty, do nothing (no tokens to call).

5. Calling System (Button Press):

• Upon a button press (simulating appointment completion):

• Retrieve next token: Get the ID from the front of the queue data structure.
• Remove from queue: Remove the retrieved ID from the queue (simulating the called patient being served).
• Display and notify:
• Convert the ID to the corresponding token number (if needed).
• Display the retrieved token number on the LCD.
• Trigger the buzzer or speaker for an audible notification.

6. Additional Functions:

• Consider implementing functions for:

• Clearing the queue when needed.
• Manually adding or removing tokens from the queue (if desired).

7. Continuous monitoring:

• The loop continuously checks for button presses and RFID scans, ensuring the system remains responsive
and ready for new appointments.
 ➢ Software Development (Arduino Code) for RFID Token Based Appointment Calling
System:

C++
#include <SPI.h> // Include SPI library for RFID reader
#include <MFRC522.h> // Include specific library for your RFID reader module
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> // Include library for LCD display

// Define constants and pins

#define SS_PIN 10
#define RST_PIN 9
#define buzzerPin 8
#define rows 2
#define cols 16

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2); // Initialize LCD display with pin

connections
MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Initialize RFID reader with SPI pins

// Define variables
char id[10]; // Store scanned RFID tag ID
int queue[10]; // Queue to store token IDs (modify size as needed)
int queueFront = 0; // Index of the first element in the queue
int queueRear = 0; // Index of the last element in the queue
int currentToken = 0; // Stores the currently displayed token number

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication for debugging (optional)
SPI.begin(); // Initialize SPI communication
rfid.PCD_Init(); // Initialize RFID reader
lcd.begin(cols, rows); // Initialize LCD display
lcd.clear(); // Clear LCD display
lcd.print("Welcome!"); // Display message on LCD
}

void loop() {
// Check for scanned RFID tag
if ( rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent() && rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerialNumber(id)) {
// Read and print ID (optional)
Serial.print("ID: ");
Serial.println(id);

// Convert ID to string and add to queue (modify based on ID format)

String tokenID = String(id);
addToQueue(tokenID);
}

// Check for button press (simulating appointment completion)

if (digitalRead(buttonPin) == LOW) {
// Call next token
callNextToken();
}
}

void addToQueue(String tokenID) {

// Check if queue is full
if (queueRear == sizeof(queue) / sizeof(queue[0])) {
Serial.println("Queue is full!");
return;
}

// Check if ID already exists in queue

for (int i = queueFront; i < queueRear; i++) {
if (queue[i] == tokenID.toInt()) {
 Serial.println("ID already exists in queue!");
return;
}
}

// Add ID to the end of the queue

queue[queueRear] = tokenID.toInt();
queueRear++;
}

void callNextToken() {
// Check if queue is empty
if (queueFront == queueRear) {
Serial.println("Queue is empty!");
return;
}

// Get next token

currentToken = queue[queueFront];
queueFront++;

// Convert token ID to string and display on LCD (modify based on ID format)

String displayToken = String(currentToken);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Token: ");
lcd.print(displayToken);

// Play buzzer sound (adjust frequency and duration as needed)

tone(buzzerPin, 1000, 500);
}
 ➢ Testing and Results

Testing Procedures:

1. Hardware Connection Verification:

• Ensure all components are securely connected following the system design.
• Verify power supply and proper functioning of individual components (e.g., LCD displaying text, RFID
reader detecting tags).

2. RFID Tag Reading:

• Test the system's ability to read different RFID tags by scanning multiple tags and observing the
corresponding IDs displayed on the serial monitor (if enabled) or stored in the code.

3. Queue Management:
• Simulate adding multiple patients to the queue by scanning their RFID tags.
• Verify that the system correctly adds unique IDs to the queue and avoids adding duplicates.

4. Calling System:
• With patients added to the queue, press the button simulating appointment completion.
• Observe if the system retrieves the next ID from the queue, displays the corresponding token number on
the LCD, and triggers the buzzer notification.
• Repeat the process multiple times to ensure the system functions correctly in a FIFO (first-in-first-out)
manner.

5. Additional Tests (Optional):

• Test edge cases like an empty queue, full queue, and attempts to add duplicate IDs.
• Experiment with adding functionalities like manually adding/removing tokens or clearing the queue (if
implemented).

➢ Results:

• The system should successfully read RFID tags and store their unique IDs.
• Patients should be added to the queue upon scanning their tags, and duplicate IDs should be prevented.
• Pressing the button should call the next patient in the queue by displaying the token number on the LCD and playing
a buzzer sound.
• The system should operate consistently and reliably throughout the testing process.

➢ General Observations:

• The success of the project depends on the chosen components, proper coding, and careful testing.
• During testing, pay attention to any errors, unexpected behavior, or inconsistencies in the system's functionality.
• Address any issues identified during testing by refining the hardware connections, modifying the code, or
troubleshooting potential component malfunctions.
Conclusion

This document outlines the design and development of an RFID-based appointment calling system. The system
leverages RFID technology to automate queue management, improve communication, and enhance efficiency
within appointment settings. The project offers benefits for both patients and staff, reducing wait times, improving
organization, and streamlining the overall appointment process. The provided components, software development
using Arduino code, and testing procedures ensure a functional and reliable system. By addressing any identified
issues during testing and refining the design as needed, this project has the potential to significantly improve the
appointment experience for various organizations.
References:

• Innovative RFID Projects Ideas for Engineers and Students (electronicsforu.com)

• Latest RF & RFID Based Projects List | Nevonprojects