KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

(Deemed to be University) (Established Under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

(Accredited with A+ Grade by NAAC in the Second Cycle)
(ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015 Certified)
Coimbatore-641 021, Tamil Nadu.

PROCEEDINGS OF
ELEVENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON INNOVATION IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Organized by

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Faculty Of Engineering
KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
ISBN: 978-93-95898-70-6
PROCEEDINGS
 Eleventh National Conference on “Innovation in Civil Engineering”
NCICE’24
INDEX

S.No Paper ID Paper Title Page

Number
A review and examination of risk management and
1 103 1-6
elements impacting building construction projects
2 104 An examination of labour safety in construction industry 7-13
3 111 Role of bim in construction management 14-16
4 105 An integrated esq management system 17-20
5 127 Optimization of safety in multi storey buildings 21-27
Effect of treated surface water on ground water quality- a
6 123 28-32
comprehensive review
Self-purification in lakes: a critical review of processes
7 131 33-38
and agricultural implications
A review on seasonal rainfall trend analysis of bengaluru
8 133 39-42
urban
Deterioration and remediation strategies for waste still
9 108 mill-based sustainable self-compacting concrete subjected 43-47
to industrial environment: a review
Investigation of time overruns in indian construction
10 126 48-53
industry buildings
Evaluation of human resource management using
11 112 54-60
analytical approach
Utilization of spent coffee grounds in concrete a
12 129 61-66
sustainable approach -a review
Advances and challenges in understanding extreme
13 122 rainfall events: a review on implication for flood 67-70
forecasting and water management
Assessing wetland condition changes overtime through
14 125 71-75
remote sensing and gis
Assessing groundwater contamination risk from
15 132 76-80
cemeteries using gis - based drastic index
Experimental investigation on self curing concrete by
16 139 81-87
using natural additives
Examining key factors impacting profitability in
17 106 88-90
construction project performance - a review
Investigation on durability properties of using magnetized
18 119 91-96
water in grade of concrete
 A REVIEW ON SEASONAL RAINFALL TREND ANALYSIS OF
BENGALURU URBAN
Sachindra B R1, Samarth D1, Shashank R1, Vighnesh Bhat U V 1,
Spoorthy Sadashiv Shanubhog*2
*1
– Final year students, – Assistant Professor
*2

Department of Civil Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India

Abstract: This study is done to examine several approaches for identifying trends in precipitation. Among those approaches
Sen's slope estimator and Mann Kendall test are proved to yield better quality of Rainfall Trend analysis. Sen’s slope estimator
test is used to identify the magnitude of the Rainfall Trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test is used to determine the significance
level and different confidence level. Rainfall Trends have shown to be corelated to global warming(temperature). It was
observed that the pattern of precipitation varies by region and also depends on other factors such as the topography of the
location. Adequate adaptation plans can only be implemented with the help of an efficient way to evaluate climate change and
inform decision makers and stakeholders. In numerous research on the effects of climate change, trend analysis of Rainfall is
crucial, as it allows trends to be compared to aggregated data.

Keywords: - Rainfall Trend, Sen’s Slope Estimator, Mann-Kendall test.

1 INTRODUCTION
The hydrological cycle depends heavily on rainfall, and changes in its pattern have an immediate impact on the
availability of water. Hydrologists and managers of water resources are now concerned about how climate change
is affecting rainfall patterns. The amount and frequency of rainfall directly affects groundwater reserves, soil
moisture, runoff distribution in space and time, stream flow pattern, and demand. As a result, these modifications
demonstrated the extensive effects on the environment, terrestrial ecosystem, ocean, biodiversity, agriculture, and
food security as well as water resources. Extreme fluctuations in the pattern of rainfall can lead to dangerous
occurrences such as drought and floods occurring regularly. The quantity of rainfall entirely determines the amount
of soil moisture required for crop production. Therefore, studying climate change, and more especially how rainfall
is distributed and changes over time, is crucial for managing water resources in a sustainable manner.
Consequently, the identification and quantification of climate change require significant research for the
sustainable development of agriculture in India. The ability of communities to adapt to extreme weather
occurrences will be enhanced and decision-making will be made easier with a thorough grasp of the precipitation
pattern in the changing environment. Water resources are now regarded as the primary priority for all development
programs and planning, covering efficient management of water resources, the food production industry, and flood
control. The primary impediment to successful water resource management is the uneven distribution of water
supplies across the nation due to the highly variable natural pattern of rainfall occurrence in both geography and
time. This rainfall variability is accelerated even more by climate change. In light of this, it is important to
determine whether rainfall trends and variability patterns.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Analysis of changes in Extreme Rainfall Characteristics over Ambica River Basin, India (2022). B. Patel
& S.M.Yadav :- The analysis indicates changes in rainfall patterns, with decreasing total annual rainfall and daily
intensity in the western parts of the basin. The non-uniformity of extreme rainfall is also evaluated using the
coefficient of variation. The use of non-parametric tests like MMK and Sen’s slope test adds robustness to the
assessment of trends in the data.
2. Comparison of Long-term and Short-term Trends of Annual Rainfall in India: a case study (2022).
A.Gangarde, S.Dauji & S.Londhe :- The study highlights the complexity of climate trend analysis and the
importance of a nuanced approach. Considering both short-term and long-term trends, using multiple statistical
tests, and acknowledging regional variations contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of climate change
effects on rainfall patterns. These insights are crucial for informed decision-making in climate adaptation and
mitigation strategies.
3. Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Rainfall Trend during 1979-2019 in Seven Climatic Zones of Bangladesh
(2021). M.N.Rahman & S.A.Azim:- The study provides valuable insights into the spatiotemporal rainfall trends
in seven climatic zones in Bangladesh. The combination of statistical tests and spatial techniques contributes to a
comprehensive understanding of how rainfall has evolved over the study period in different regions. The identified
trends have implications for climate adaptation and water resource management in the respective zones.

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4. Spatio-Temporal Rainfall Trends in the Ganga River Basin over the Last Century: Understanding
Feedback and Hydrological Impacts (2021). S.Swarnkar, S.Prakash, S.K.Joshi & R.Sinha: - The study sheds
light on the spatio-temporal variability of monsoon rainfall in the Ganga River basin, emphasizing contrasting
trends in different regions. The analysis underscores the importance of considering both natural and anthropogenic
factors in understanding the complex dynamics of regional hydrology and assessing associated risks.
5. Statistical Trend Characteristics of Rainfall in the Baram River Basin (Malaysian Borneo) (2021). H.
Vijith & D. Dodge-Wan: - The study provides valuable insights into the rainfall trends in the equatorial tropical
region of Borneo. The use of statistical tests and the consideration of spatial factors contribute to a comprehensive
understanding of the complex relationships between rainfall patterns, seasonal variations, and terrain
characteristics in the Baram River basin.
6. Analysis of Rainfall Distribution, Temporal Trends, and Rates of Change in the Savannah Zones of
Nigeria (2021). Ibrahim, M.T. Usman, A. Abdulkadir & M.A. Emigilati: - The study provides insights into the
precipitation concentration patterns in different savannah zones using various analytical methods. Theidentified
distinctions between Guinea savannah and Sudano-Sahelian savannah zones contribute to a nuanced understanding
of precipitation variability in the studied areas.
7. Local Climate Assessment: A Meso-Scale Analysis of Long Period Rainfall in a Rural Dry Sub-Humid
District from India (2021). M.Basu, S.Hoshino & S.Hashimoto :- This study makes a compelling case for the
importance of localized rainfall studies at the district level. The identified decreasing trend in monsoonal rainfall
underscores the need for proactive planning and management strategies to address potential challenges in rainfall-
dependent sectors and promote sustainable development in the region.
8. Statistical and Trend Analyses of Rainfall: a case study of Bharathapuzha River Basin, Kerala, India
(2021). P. Jagadeesh & C. Anupama: - The study provides a detailed analysis of rainfall trends using
nonparametric methods. The observed trends in different seasons and locations underscore the complexity of
regional precipitation patterns. Understanding these trends is crucial for informed decision-making in water
resource management, agriculture, and other sectors impacted by changing rainfall patterns.
9. Satellite Remote Sensing for Monitoring Agriculture Growth and Agricultural Drought Vulnerability
Using Long-Term (1982–2015) Climate Variability and Socio- economic Data set (2020). P. Bhavani, P. S.
Roy1, V. Chakravarthi1, Vijay P. Kanawade: - The study provides valuable insights into the relationship
between climate, soil moisture, and agriculture growth/stress. The integrated approach, combining various datasets and
factors, allows for a comprehensive assessment of agricultural vulnerability. The projections for future scenarios
contribute to understanding the potential impacts of climate change on agriculture in the studied regions.
10. Spatio-temporal analysis of rainfall, meteorological drought and response from a water supply reservoir
in the megacity of Chennai, India (2020). P ANANDHARUBAN and L ELANGO: - The study contributes to
the understanding of rainfall patterns, drought occurrences, and their implications for water supply in the Chennai
Metropolitan area. The use of historical data and multiple drought indices enhances the reliability and
comprehensiveness of the assessment, providing valuable information for water resources planning and
management in the region.
11. Quantile Regression Based Methods for Investigating Rainfall Trends Associated with Flooding and
Drought Conditions (2020). Salam A. Abbas & Yunqing Xuan & Xiaomeng Song: - The study underscores
the importance of considering different regimes and using quantile regression-based methods for a more
comprehensive analysis of trends in climatic variables. This approach allows for a more nuanced understanding of
how different parts of the distribution are changing over time, contributing to more informed climate change impact
assessments.
12. Global Change and the Function and Distribution of Wetlands (2020). Beth A. Middleton: - The study
underscores the importance of integrating knowledge from ecology, geomorphology, and taphonomy to better
understand the historical and potential future impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems. Studying ancient
wetlands provides a unique perspective on the dynamics of these critical environments and informs conservation
efforts in the present and future.
13. Performance evaluation and hydrological trend detection of a reservoir under climate change condition
(2020). Rabindranath Sethi, Brij Kishor Pandey1, Radha Krishan, Deepak Khare, P. C. Nayak: - The study
aims to provide valuable insights into the effects of climate change on the performance of a saline reservoir in
Odisha, India. The use of statistical tests and modelling tools allows for a robust evaluation of temporal changes
and helps in planning for the sustainable management of water resources in the region.
14. Evaluation of district-level rainfall characteristics over Odisha using high-resolution gridded dataset
(2020). M. M. Nageswararao, P. Sinha, U. C. Mohanty, R. K. Panda, G. P. Dash SN: - The study underscores

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the urgency of analyzing rainfall characteristics at the regional and district levels, especially in the context of
global warming. The focus on rainfed agricultural regions like Odisha highlights the direct relevance of such
studies for informed policy planning and sustainable development in vulnerable regions
15. Change Detection and Trend Analysis of Future Temperature and Rainfall over West Africa (2020).
Oluwaseun W. Ilori, Vincent O. Ajayi: - The study evaluates the performance of both dynamical and statistical
models in forecasting agro-meteorological indices. The findings suggest that while there are differences in skills
across zones and stations, there is also a degree of consistency and similarity in the performance of the two models,
providing insights into the potential for accurate predictions of agro-meteorological conditions.
16. Climate change attribution and the economic costs of extreme weather events: A study on damages from
extreme rainfall and drought (2020). David J. Frame et al: - The paper aims to quantify the economic costs
associated with droughts and floods in New Zealand during the specified decade, considering the fraction of risk
attributable to human-induced climate change. The research provides valuable insights into the economic impacts
of extreme weather events, contributing to the broader understanding of climate change-related risks.
17. Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Trends in India (2020). Kumar, S.K. Jain & Y.Singh :- The study
provides a detailed examination of rainfall trends in India, showcasing both regional and seasonal variations. The
findings underscore the complexity of rainfall patterns and highlight the need for localized analyses to understand
the diverse trends observed across different sub-divisions.
18. Analysis of rainfall and temperature time series to detect long-term climatic trends and variability over
semi-arid Botswana (2019). Jimmy Byakatonda, B P Parida, Piet K Kenabatho and D B Moalafhi: - The
study employs various statistical methods to analyze long-term trends in meteorological time series, with a specific
emphasis on the investigation of extreme rainfall events. The urgency of this research is motivated by the
importance of understanding and managing the impacts of climate change on extreme weather events for effective
disaster response and mitigation.
19. Changes in rainfall regime over Burkina Faso under the climate change conditions simulated by 5
regional climate models (2019). Boubacar Ibrahim, Harouna Karambiri, Jan Polcher, Hamma Yacouba,
Pierre Ribstein: - The study underscores the importance of understanding and adapting to the observed changes
in Sahelian rainfall, particularly in Burkina Faso. The challenges posed by climate change necessitate a holistic
approach to water resources management, considering the interconnected impacts on multiple sectors and
emphasizing the need for adaptation and mitigation strategies.
20. Statistical trend analysis of monthly rainfall for Raipur district, Chhattisgarh (2019). Sabyasachi Swain,
Manikant Verma and M. K. Verma: - The study underscores the significance of quantifying climate change,
particularly through trend analysis of long-term meteorological data. The specific findings for Raipur district
highlight a significant decrease in rainfall during the Southwest monsoon months, emphasizing the need for
continued monitoring and adaptation strategies in response to changing climatic conditions.

3 CONCLUSION
Rainfall trend analysis is a valuable resource for researchers and educators in various fields, helping to better
understand natural processes and teach students about climate and environmental science. Rainfall trend analysis
is crucial for managing water reservoirs, dams, and irrigation systems. It helps authorities make informed decisions
about water allocation. Analyzing rainfall trends aids in flood prediction and early warning systems, allowing
communities to prepare for and mitigate flood risks. Rainfall trend analysis is essential for tracking drought
conditions. It helps governments and organizations allocate resources to regions facing water scarcity. Urban
planners use rainfall data to design effective drainage systems and flood control infrastructure. This is particularly
important in cities prone to heavy rainfall and flash floods. Ecologists and environmental scientists use rainfall
data to study the impact of precipitation on ecosystems, including plant and animal life. Analyzing long-term
rainfall trends contributes to our understanding of climate change and its effects on regional and global
precipitation patterns. Meteorologists use rainfall data as a key input for weather models, helping in short-term
weather predictions and storm tracking. Engineers consider rainfall data when designing infrastructure like roads,
bridges, and buildings to ensure they can withstand local weather conditions. The rainfall received in an area is an
important factor in determining the amount of water available to meet various demands such as agricultural,
industrial, domestic water supply and for hydroelectric power generation. Hence, the rainfall analysis is very
important to understand the rainfall pattern, trend as well as its quantity.

REFERENCES
1. Abbas, S. A., Xuan, Y., & Song, X. (2019). Quantile regression-based methods for investigating rainfall trends
associated with flooding and drought conditions. Water Resources Management, 33, 4249-4264.

Page | 41
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4. Bhavani, P., Roy, P. S., Chakravarthi, V., & Kanawade, V. P. (2017). Satellite remote sensing for monitoring
agriculture growth and agricultural drought vulnerability using long-term (1982–2015) climate variability and socio-
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CERTIFICATES: -