physmmoeengtz0xxm

Markscheme

May 2021

Physics

On-screen examination

15 pages
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This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in this examination session.

It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any
other person without the authorization of the IB Global Centre, Cardiff.
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The following are the annotations available to use when marking responses.

Annotation Explanation Annotation Explanation

Correct point, place at the point in the response

where it is clear that the candidate deserves the
Not good enough
mark. For use in analytically marked questions
only.

The candidate has given a response but it is not

Omission, incomplete
worthy of any marks

CON Contradiction Text box used for additional marking comments

Seen; must be stamped on all blank response

Valid part (to be used when more than one
areas and on duplicate pages of concatenated
element is required to gain the mark)
responses

Error carried forward Vertical wavy line that can be expanded

Dynamic annotation, it can be expanded to

Words to that effect
surround work

Award 1, 2, 3, 4 marks. For use in holistically

Horizontal wavy line that can be expanded
marked questions only

Highlight tool that can be expanded to mark an

area of a response
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Markscheme instructions

1 Mark positively. Give candidates credit for what they have achieved and what is correct. Do not deduct marks for incorrect responses.

2 Follow the markscheme provided and award only whole marks.

3 Each marking point appears on a separate line.

4 The maximum mark for each subpart is indicated in the “Total” column.

5 Where a mark is awarded a tick should be placed in the text at the precise point where it is clear the candidate deserves the mark.

6 Each marking point in a question part should be awarded separately unless there is an instruction to the contrary in the Notes column.

7 A question subpart may have more marking points than the total allows. This will be indicated by the word “max” in the Answer column. Further guidance may be
given in the Notes column.

8 Additional instructions on how to interpret the markscheme are in bold italic text in the Answer column.

9 Alternative wording may be indicated in the Answer column by a slash (/). Either alternative is equally acceptable but the candidate cannot be rewarded for both as
they are associated with the same marking point.

10 Alternative answers are indicated in the Answer column by “or”. Either alternative is equally acceptable but the candidate cannot be rewarded for both as they are
associated with the same marking point.

11 If two related points are required to award a mark, this is indicated by “and” in the answer column.

12 Words in brackets ( ) in the Answer column are not necessary to gain the mark.

13 Words that are underlined are essential for the mark.

14 In some questions a reverse argument is also acceptable. This is indicated by the abbreviation ORA (or reverse argument) in the Notes column. Candidates should
not be rewarded for reverse arguments unless ORA is given in the Notes column.

15 If the candidate’s response has the same meaning or is clearly equivalent to the expected answer the mark should be awarded. In some questions this is
emphasized by the abbreviation WTTE (words to that effect) in the Notes column.

16 When incorrect answers are used correctly in subsequent question parts the follow through rule applies. Award the mark and add ECF (error carried forward) to the
candidate response.
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17 The order of marking points does not have to be the same as in the Answer column unless stated otherwise.

18 Marks should not be awarded where there is a contradiction in an answer. Add CON to the candidate response at the point where the contradiction is made.

19 Do not penalize candidates for errors in units or significant figures unless there is specific guidance in the Notes column.

20 Questions with higher mark allocations will generally be assessed using a level response method using task specific clarifications developed with reference to the
criteria level descriptors. A candidate’s work should be reviewed to determine holistically the mark for each row of the holistic grid and a mark awarded for each row.
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Question Answers Notes Total Criterion

1 a

2 A

b Diffraction 1 A
c Evidence of conversion of km to m Seen or implied

Correct answer (0.00002)

Expressed in standard form 2 x 10–5 (s) Award if an incorrect answer is expressed 3 A

in standard form.

Award 3 marks if 2 x 10–5 alone is seen

d Accept any reasonable suggestion [max 2]
• Able to communicate while moving (e.g. boats) Do not accept messages can be sent
• Communication over larger distances or with other countries or to previously without the need for wires
inaccessible locations
• High speed communication is possible 2 D
• No failures of wired connections or saves material or money required for wired
connections
Each named piece of technology can be
• Led to the development of (named) new technology
awarded 1 mark
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2 a

2 A

Correct image selected

3 A
Beta (particles) are electrons or beta (particles) are negatively charged Only consider the justification if C is
selected
(so they are) deviated toward the positive plate in an electric field

c Evidence of use of half-life or beginning mass of the sample is 100 g, half of it is 50 g

60 ± 2 (h) 2 A
Award 2 marks for correct answer with no
working shown
d Half-life (time period) is suitable to allow treatment or short enough to limit the long-term
effects
2 A
Beta or gamma radiation can kill cancer cells or tumours Ignore references to penetrating power
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3 a Use of KE equation Seen or implied

468750(J) Accept any correctly rounded answer to

2 A
two or more sig figs for 2 marks

Accept answers correctly stated in kJ

b Use of v2 = u2 + 2as Accept loss in KE = work done by force

(–) 10.4166…

Rounded correctly to (–)10.4 Award three marks if only 10.4 is seen 4 A

m s–2 or m/s2 Award this unit mark separately.

Superscripts must be used correctly. Do
not accept ^2.
c Heat energy cannot be used (by the car) or cannot perform work WTTE. Do not accept wasted / lost energy
1 A
as this is given in the question
d

1 A

All correct for one mark

e Accept any point from the list, [max 1]

• energy (stored in the battery) can be transformed into kinetic energy Do not accept the car’s battery is
• energy (stored in the battery) can be transformed into electrical energy to drive the recharged
1 A
car WTTE

f Burning fuel produces carbon dioxide/ CO2 Do not accept unnamed greenhouse gas
emissions or pollution
Link to climate change or greenhouse effect 2 D
WTTE
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4 a How does the distance a ball roll affect the time taken? WTTE 1 B

3 B

IV – distance only

DV – time only

CV – mass, size, angle of slope only

c weight of the ball or gravitational force or gravity 2 B

Use of Newton’s Second Law or F = ma or Newton’s First Law to correctly link force and No need to explain why the force is
acceleration constant (and link this to the constant
acceleration) for the second marking point

d B 3 B

Any two from [max 2] Only consider the justification if graph B is

• graph goes through the origin, or when s = 0 then t2 = 0 selected
• relationship is proportional
• gradient = ½ a
e Unit = s2 Do not accept s^2. Accept unit and value
in table or response box.

4.7961 or 4.8 or 4.796 or 5 Seen or implied. Accept 4.79 for 1 mark for
correct calculated value incorrectly 3 C
4.80 rounded

Award two marks for correctly rounded

value to 2 dp only
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f Accept any reasonable response, for example [max 1] WTTE

• not using common units
• measurements with a device like this relies on another person having the same tool Do not accept that the water clock is not an
to compare with accurate/reliable instrument for measuring 1 C
• all water clocks are different time without further details
• comment relating to difficulty in getting the regular flow of water required or difficulty
of construction

g Stopwatch or stopclock or chronometer or timer

1 C
h Any reasonable single IV selected Do not accept distance or non-specific
“type” of ball for IV
Any two reasonable CV, for example [max 2]
• mass of the ball Do not accept temperature, gravity,
• surface of the ramp pressure, same measuring equipment or
• size of the ball IV given above for CV 4 C
• distance
• angle of slope

Any reasonable RQ linking IV and DV

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5 a (If) The surface area increases and (then) the time taken to fall will increase WTTE Accept correct responses 3 B
appearing in any box
(because) air resistance will increase

(because) the parachute will have more collisions with air particles

b
1 2 3 4
V time implied as independent variable of independent variable of independent variable of
(Variables) dependent variable surface area and surface area and surface area and
dependent variable of dependent variable of dependent variable of
time stated time stated and time stated and
two control variables two control variables
stated stated and with correct
justification
E equipment to measure equipment to measure
(Equipment) time or length time and length
M attempt at a method method is described with complete method is
(Method) linked to surface area or measurements of surface described with
time area and time but not measurements of surface
13 B
detailed enough to be area and time and could
followed by another easily be followed by
student another student
D at least five increments or at least five increments at least five increments
(Data) three trials and three trials and three trials and plans
to calculate an average
S mentions a relevant
(Safety) precaution for example
when working at height,
use of scissors for cutting
materials or to make sure
the drop area is clear
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6 a Correct reading from scale 42.8±0.1 3 C

di = 12.8±0.1 Allow ECF if calculation di = (reading – 30)

is evident
cm
Unit mark can be awarded independently if
seen anywhere in the answer

Award 3 marks for 12.8 cm with no working

shown
b 4 C

Column headings (using symbols or words) and units in header only Accept non-subscripts for do and di

All data in order and complete Accept data in rows or columns

do to one decimal place or nearest cm ECF from part a

All di data expressed to consistent number of decimal places

c m 3 C

5.87

0.170

d 0.187 1 C

e C 2 C

A correct justification, for example [max 1] Correct graph must be selected to award
• the equation shows that a straight line or linear relationship is expected the justification mark
• the best fit line should not include the anomalous data point
• reference to numbers of data points above and below the best fit line
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f Y intercept stated as 5.8 ± 0.1 ECF if wrong graph selected in e 2 C

– graph A - accept 4.7 ± 0.1
- graph B – accept 5.5 ± 0.1
- graph D – accept 4.5 ± 0.1

ƒ = 0.172 ± 0.003 (m) Award the second point for evidence of a

calculation involving 1/intercept
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7 a A
2 A
Forces are unbalanced or net force is not zero WTTE

b
1 2 3
Ad a statement of an advantage a statement of two or more a statement of two or more
(Advantages) advantages advantages with at least one
or explained
a statement of one advantage
with an explanation

Dis a statement of a disadvantage a statement of two or more a statement of two or more

(Disadvantages) disadvantages disadvantages with at least one 7 D
or explained
a statement of one disadvantage
with an explanation

Con a simple conclusion

(Conclusion)
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8
1 2 3 4
Env a statement of one a statement of one use a statement of at least a statement of at least
(Environmental) use of drones in of drones in two uses of drones in two uses of drones in
environmental environmental environmental environmental
monitoring monitoring and how this monitoring and a monitoring and a
use relates to science statement of how one statement of how these
or use is a benefit to uses are a benefit to
at least two statements science science
of the use of drones in
environmental
monitoring

Soc a positive or a a positive and a a positive and a a positive and a

(Social negative social negative social negative social negative social
implications) implication for an implication for an implication for an implication for an 14 D
individual individual individual with one individual with both
supported by further supported by further
justification justification
Pol a positive or a a positive and a a positive and a a positive and a
(Political negative political or negative political or negative political or negative political or
implications) security implication for security implication for a security implication for a security implication for a
a location location location with one location with both
supported by further supported by further
justification justification
Con a concluding opinion a concluding appraisal
(Concluding is given linking to previous
appraisal) arguments