Billy Graham

William Franklin Graham Jr. (/ˈɡreɪəm/; November 7, 1918 – February 21, 2018) was an American
evangelist, an ordained Southern Baptist minister, and a civil rights advocate[1][2] whose broadcast
and live sermons became well known internationally in the mid-to-late 20th century. During a
career spanning six decades, Graham was a prominent evangelical Christian figure in the United
States.

According to a biographer, Graham was considered "among the most influential Christian leaders"
of the 20th century.[3] Graham held large indoor and outdoor rallies with sermons that were
broadcast on radio and television, with some still being re-broadcast into the 21st century.[4] In his
six decades on television, Graham hosted annual crusades, evangelistic campaigns that ran from
1947 until his retirement in 2005. He also hosted the radio show Hour of Decision from 1950 to
1954. He repudiated racial segregation[5] and insisted on racial integration for his revivals and
crusades, starting in 1953. He later invited Martin Luther King Jr. to preach jointly at a revival in
New York City in 1957. In addition to his religious aims, he helped shape the worldview of a huge
number of people who came from different backgrounds, leading them to find a relationship
between the Bible and contemporary secular viewpoints. According to his website, Graham
preached to live audiences of 210 million people in more than 185 countries and territories through
various meetings, including BMS World Mission and Global Mission event.[6]

Graham was particularly close to Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson (one of Graham's
closest friends),[7] and Richard Nixon.[8] He was also lifelong friends with Robert Schuller, another
televangelist and the founding pastor of the Crystal Cathedral, whom Graham talked into starting
his own television ministry.[9] Graham's evangelism was appreciated by mainline Protestant
denominations, as he encouraged those mainline Protestants who were converted to his
evangelical message to remain within or return
to their mainline churches.[10][11] Despite his
early suspicions and apprehension, common
The Reverend
among contemporaneous evangelical
Protestants towards Catholicism, Graham
Billy Graham
eventually developed amicable ties with many
American Catholic Church figures and later
encouraged unity between Catholics and
Protestants.[12]

Graham operated a variety of media and

publishing outlets.[13] According to his staff,
more than 3.2 million people have responded to
the invitation at Billy Graham Crusades to
"accept Jesus Christ as their personal savior".

Graham's estimated lifetime audience, including

radio and television broadcasts, topped billions
of people.[14] As a result of his crusades,
Graham preached the gospel to more people in
Graham in 1966
person than anyone in the history of
Christianity.[13] Graham was on Gallup's list of Orders
most admired men and women a record 61
times.[15] Grant Wacker writes that by the mid-
1960s, he had become the "Great Legitimator":
Ordination 1939
"By then his presence conferred status on
presidents, acceptability on wars, shame on
Personal details
racial prejudice, desirability on decency,
dishonor on indecency, and prestige on civic
events."[16] Born William
Franklin
Graham
Jr.
 November
Early life 7, 1918
Charlotte,
North
Carolina,
U.S.

Birthplace marker for Died February

Graham near 4601 Park Rd,
Charlotte, North Carolina
21, 2018
William Franklin Graham Jr. was born on
November 7, 1918, in the downstairs bedroom (aged 99)
of a farmhouse near Charlotte, North
Carolina.[17] Of Scots-Irish descent, he was the Montreat,
eldest of four children born to Morrow (née
Coffey) and dairy farmer William Franklin North
Graham Sr.[17] Graham was raised on the family
dairy farm with his two younger sisters Carolina,
Catherine Morrow and Jean and younger brother
Melvin Thomas.[18] When he was nine years old, U.S.
the family moved about 75 yards (69 m) from
their white frame house to a newly built red brick
house.[19][17] He was raised by his parents in the
Denomination Baptis
Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church.[17][20]
Graham attended the Sharon Grammar
(South
School.[21] He started to read books from an
early age and loved to read novels for boys,
Baptis
especially Tarzan.[17] Like Tarzan, he would hang
on the trees and gave the popular Tarzan yell.
Conve
According to his father, that yelling led him to
become a minister.[22] Graham was 15 when
Prohibition ended in December 1933, and his Spouse Ruth Bell
father forced him and his sister Catherine to ​
drink beer until they became sick. This created ​(m. 1943; die
such an aversion that the two siblings avoided
alcohol and drugs for the rest of their lives.[23]
Children 5,
Graham was turned down for membership in a
local youth group for being "too worldly".[23] including
Albert McMakin, who worked on the Graham
farm, persuaded him to go see evangelist Anne and
[13]
Mordecai Ham. According to his
autobiography, Graham was 16 when he was Franklin
converted during a series of revival meetings
that Ham led in Charlotte in 1934.[24][25]
Profession Evangelis
After graduating from Sharon High School in
May 1936, Graham attended Bob Jones College.
After one semester, he found that the
Education Florida
coursework and rules were too legalistic.[23] At
this time he was influenced and inspired by
Bible
Pastor Charley Young from Eastport Bible
Church. He was almost expelled, but Bob Jones
Institute
Sr. warned him not to throw his life away: "At
best, all you could amount to would be a poor Wheaton
country Baptist preacher somewhere out in the
sticks... You have a voice that pulls. God can use College
that voice of yours. He can use it mightily."[23]

In 1937, Graham transferred to the Florida Bible Signature

Institute in Temple Terrace, Florida.[26] While still
a student, Graham preached his first sermon at
Bostwick Baptist Church near Palatka,
Florida.[27] In his autobiography, Graham wrote President of
of receiving his calling on the 18th green of the Northwestern
Temple Terrace Golf and Country Club, which
was adjacent to the institute's campus.
College
Reverend Billy Graham Memorial Park was later
established on the Hillsborough River, directly
east of the 18th green and across from where In office
Graham often paddled a canoe to a small island
in the river, where he would practice preaching 1948–1952
to the birds, alligators, and cypress stumps. In
1939, Graham was ordained by a group of
Southern Baptist clergy at Peniel Baptist Church
Preceded William
in Palatka, Florida.[28][29] In 1940, he graduated
with a Bachelor of Theology degree.[30][31]
by Bell Riley
Graham then enrolled in Wheaton College in
Wheaton, Illinois. During his time there, he
Succeeded Richard
decided to accept the Bible as the infallible word
of God. Henrietta Mears of the First Presbyterian
by Elvee
Church of Hollywood in California was
instrumental in helping Graham wrestle with the President of the
issue. He settled it at Forest Home Christian
Billy Graham
Camp (now called Forest Home Ministries)
southeast of the Big Bear Lake area in southern Evangelistic
California.[32][33] While attending Wheaton, Association
Graham was invited to preach one Sunday in
1941 at the United Gospel Tabernacle church.
After that, the congregation repeatedly asked
In office
Graham to preach at their church and later
asked him to become the pastor of their church.
1950–2001
After Graham prayed and sought advice from his
friend Dr. Edman, Graham become their church's Preceded Post
[34]
pastor.

In June 1943, Graham graduated from Wheaton

by established
College[35] with a degree in anthropology.[36]
That same year, Robert Van Kampen, treasurer Succeeded Franklin
of the National Gideon Association, invited
Graham to preach at Western Springs Baptist by Graham
Church, and Graham accepted the opportunity
on the spot. While there, his friend Torrey
Johnson, pastor of the Midwest Bible Church in
Chicago, told Graham that his radio program, Songs in the Night, was about to be canceled due to
lack of funding. Consulting with the members of his church in Western Springs, Graham decided to
take over Johnson's program with financial support from his congregation. Launching the new
radio program on January 2, 1944, still called Songs in the Night, Graham recruited the bass-
baritone George Beverly Shea as his director of radio ministry.

In 1948, in a Modesto, California hotel room, Graham and his evangelistic team established the
Modesto Manifesto: a code of ethics for life and work to protect against accusations of financial,
sexual, and power abuse.[37] The code includes rules for collecting offerings in churches, working
only with churches supportive of cooperative evangelism, using official crowd estimates at
outdoor events, and a commitment to never be alone with a woman other than his wife (which
become known as the "Billy Graham rule").[38][39]

Graham was 29 when he became president of Northwestern Bible College in Minneapolis in 1948.
He was the youngest president of a college or university in the country, and held the position for
four years before he resigned in 1952.[40] Graham initially intended to become a chaplain in the
Armed Forces, but he contracted mumps shortly after applying for a commission. After a period of
recuperation in Florida, he was hired as the first full-time evangelist of the new Youth for Christ
(YFC), co-founded by Torrey Johnson and the Canadian evangelist Charles Templeton. Graham
traveled throughout both the United States and Europe as a YFCI evangelist. Templeton applied to
Princeton Theological Seminary for an advanced theological degree and urged Graham to do so as
well, but he declined as he was already serving as the president of Northwestern Bible College.[41]

Crusades

Graham speaking at a Crusade in

Düsseldorf, West Germany, on June
21, 1954.
The first Billy Graham Crusade, held September 13–21, 1947, at the Civic Auditorium in Grand
Rapids, Michigan, was attended by 6,000 people.[42] Graham was 28 years old and would rent a
large venue, such as a stadium, park, or street. As the sessions became larger, he arranged for a
group of up to 5,000 people to sing in a choir. He would preach the gospel and invite people to
come forward (a practice begun by Dwight L. Moody). Such people were called inquirers and were
given the chance to speak one-on-one with a counselor to clarify questions and pray together. The
inquirers were often given a copy of the Gospel of John or a Bible study booklet.

In 1949, Graham scheduled a series of revival meetings in Los Angeles, for which he erected circus
tents in a parking lot.[13][43] He attracted national media coverage, especially in the conservative
Hearst chain of newspapers, although Hearst and Graham never met.[44] The crusade event ran for
eight weeks – five weeks longer than planned. Graham became a national figure with heavy
coverage from the wire services and national magazines.[45] Pianist Rudy Atwood, who played for
the tent meetings, wrote that they "rocketed Billy Graham into national prominence, and resulted in
the conversion of a number of show-business personalities".[46]

In 1953, Graham was offered a five-year, $1 million contract from NBC to appear on television
opposite Arthur Godfrey, but he had prior commitments. He turned down the offer to continue his
touring revivals.[47] Graham had crusades in London that lasted 12 weeks and a New York City
crusade in Madison Square Garden in 1957 that ran nightly for 16 weeks. At a 1973 rally attended
by 100,000 in Durban, South Africa, that was the first large mixed-race event in apartheid South
Africa, he stated that "apartheid is a sin".[48][49] In Moscow in 1992, one-quarter of the 155,000
people in Graham's audience went forward at his call.[23] During his crusades, he frequently used
the altar call song, "Just As I Am".[50] In 1995, during the Global Mission event, he preached a
sermon at Estadio Hiram Bithorn in San Juan in Puerto Rico that was transmitted by satellite in
185 countries and translated into 116 languages.[51]

Countries in which Billy Graham

preached are colored in blue.

By the time of his last crusade in 2005 in New York City, he had preached during 417 crusades,
including 226 in the US and 195 abroad.[52][53][54]
Student ministry
Graham spoke at InterVarsity Christian Fellowship's Urbana Student Missions Conference at least
nine times – in 1948, 1957, 1961, 1964, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1984, and 1987.[55]

At each Urbana conference, he challenged the thousands of attendees to make a commitment to

follow Jesus Christ for the rest of their lives. He often quoted a six-word phrase that was
reportedly written in the Bible of William Whiting Borden, the son of a wealthy silver magnate: "No
reserves, no retreat, no regrets".[56] Borden had died in Egypt on his way to the mission field.[57]

Graham also held evangelistic meetings on a number of college campuses: at the University of
Minnesota during InterVarsity's "Year of Evangelism" in 1950–51, a 4-day mission at Yale University
in 1957, and a week-long series of meetings at the University of North Carolina's Carmichael
Auditorium in September 1982.[58]

In 1955, he was invited by Cambridge University students to lead the mission at the university; the
mission was arranged by the Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union, with London pastor-
theologian John Stott serving as Graham's chief assistant. This invitation was greeted with much
disapproval in the correspondence columns of The Times.[59]

Evangelistic association
In 1950, Graham founded the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) with its headquarters
in Minneapolis. The association relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1999, and maintains a
number of international offices, such as in Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Buenos Aires.[48] BGEA
ministries have included:

Hour of Decision, a weekly radio program

broadcast around the world for 66 years
(1950–2016)[60]
Mission television specials broadcast in
almost every market in the US and
Canada
A syndicated newspaper column, My
Answer, carried by newspapers across
the United States and distributed by
Tribune Content Agency[61]
Decision magazine, the official
publication of the association[62]
Christianity Today, started in 1956 with
Carl F. H. Henry as its first editor[63]
Passageway.org, the website for a youth
discipleship program created by BGEA[64]
World Wide Pictures, which has produced
and distributed more than 130 films[65][66]
In April 2013, the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association started "My Hope With Billy Graham", the
largest outreach in its history. It encouraged church members to spread the gospel in small group
meetings, after showing a video message by Graham. "The idea is for Christians to follow the
example of the disciple Matthew in the New Testament and spread the gospel in their own
homes."[67] "The Cross" video is the main program in the My Hope America series, and was also
broadcast the week of Graham's 95th birthday.[68]

Civil rights movement

Graham's early crusades were segregated, but he began adjusting his approach in the 1950s.[69]
During a 1953 rally in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Graham tore down the ropes that organizers had
erected to segregate the audience into racial sections. In his memoirs, he recounted that he told
two ushers to leave the barriers down "or you can go on and have the revival without me."[70] During
a sermon held at Vanderbilt University in Nashville on August 23, 1954, he warned a white
audience, "Three-fifths of the world is not white. They are rising all over the world. We have been
proud and thought we were better than any other race, any other people. Ladies and gentlemen, I
want to tell you that we are going to stumble into hell because of our pride."[71][70]

In 1957, Graham's stance towards integration became more publicly shown when he allowed black
ministers Thomas Kilgore and Gardner C. Taylor to serve as members of his New York Crusade's
executive committee.[72] He also invited Martin Luther King Jr., whom he first met during the
Montgomery bus boycott in 1955,[72] to join him in the pulpit at his 16-week revival in New York
City, where 2.3 million gathered at Madison Square Garden, Yankee Stadium, and Times Square to
hear them.[13] Graham recalled in his autobiography that during this time, he and King developed a
close friendship and that he was eventually one of the few people who referred to King as "Mike", a
nickname which King asked only his closest friends to call him.[73] Following King's assassination
in 1968, Graham mourned that the US had lost "a social leader and a prophet".[72] In private,
Graham advised King and other members of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
(SCLC).[74]

Despite their friendship, tensions between Graham and King emerged in 1958, when the
sponsoring committee of a crusade that took place in San Antonio, Texas, on July 25 arranged for
Graham to be introduced by that state's segregationist governor, Price Daniel.[72] On July 23, King
sent a letter to Graham and informed him that allowing Daniel to speak at a crusade which
occurred the night before the state's Democratic Primary "can well be interpreted as your
endorsement of racial segregation and discrimination."[75] Graham's advisor, Grady Wilson, replied
to King that "even though we do not see eye to eye with him on every issue, we still love him in
Christ."[76] Though Graham's appearance with Daniel dashed King's hopes of holding joint crusades
with Graham in the Deep South,[74] the two remained friends; the next year King told a Canadian
television audience that Graham had taken a "very strong stance against segregation."[74] Graham
and King would also come to differ on the Vietnam War.[72] After King's "Beyond Vietnam" speech
denouncing US intervention in Vietnam, Graham castigated him and others for their criticism of US
foreign policy.[72]

By the middle of 1960, King and Graham traveled together to the Tenth Baptist World Congress of
the Baptist World Alliance.[72] In 1963, Graham posted bail for King to be released from jail during
the Birmingham (Alabama) campaign, according to Michael Long,[77] and the King Center
acknowledged that Graham had bailed King out of jail during the Albany Movement,[78] although
historian Steven Miller told CNN he could not find any proof of the incident.[79] Graham held
integrated crusades in Birmingham on Easter of 1964, in the aftermath of the bombing of the
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, and toured Alabama again in the wake of the violence that
accompanied the first Selma to Montgomery march in 1965.[72]

Following Graham's death, former SCLC official and future Atlanta politician Andrew Young (who
spoke alongside Coretta Scott King at Graham's 1994 crusade in Atlanta),[80] acknowledged his
friendship with Graham and stated that Graham did in fact travel with King to the 1965 European
Baptist Convention.[81] Young also claimed that Graham had often invited King to his crusades in
the Northern states.[82] Former Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) leader and
future United States Congressman John Lewis also credited Graham as a major inspiration for his
activism.[83] Lewis described Graham as a "saint" and someone who "taught us how to live and
who taught us how to die".[83]

Graham's faith prompted his maturing view of race and segregation. He told a member of the Ku
Klux Klan that integration was necessary, primarily for religious reasons. "There is no scriptural
basis for segregation," Graham argued. "The ground at the foot of the cross is level, and it touches
my heart when I see whites standing shoulder to shoulder with blacks at the cross."[84]

Lausanne Movement
The friendship between Graham and John Stott led to a further partnership in the Lausanne
Movement, of which Graham was a founder. It built on Graham's 1966 World Congress on
Evangelism in Berlin. In collaboration with Christianity Today, Graham convened what Time
magazine described as "a formidable forum, possibly the widest–ranging meeting of Christians
ever held"[85] with 2,700 participants from 150 nations gathering for the International Congress on
World Evangelization. Women were represented by Millie Dienert, who chaired the prayer
committee.[86] This took place in Lausanne, Switzerland (July 16–25, 1974), and the movement
which ensued took its name from the host city. Its purpose was to strengthen the global church for
world evangelization, and to engage ideological and sociological trends which bore on this.[87]
Graham invited Stott to be chief architect of the Lausanne Covenant, which issued from the
Congress and which, according to Graham: "helped challenge and unite evangelical Christians in
the great task of world evangelization."[88] The movement remains a significant fruit of Graham's
legacy, with a presence in nearly every nation.[89]

Multiple roles

Graham with his son, Franklin, at

Cleveland Stadium, June 1994

Graham played multiple roles that reinforced each other.[90] Grant Wacker identified eight major
roles that he played: preacher, icon, Southerner, entrepreneur, architect (bridge builder), pilgrim,
pastor, and his widely recognized status as America's Protestant patriarch, which was on a par
with Martin Luther King and Pope John Paul II.[91]

He served as a trustee of the International Mission Board in the late 1950s and trustee of the SBC's
Radio and Television Commission in the late 1960s.[92]

Graham deliberately reached into the secular world as a bridge builder. For example, as an
entrepreneur he built his own pavilion for the 1964 New York World's Fair.[93] He appeared as a
guest on a 1969 Woody Allen television special, in which he joined the comedian in a witty
exchange on theological matters.[94] During the Cold War, Graham became the first evangelist of
note to speak behind the Iron Curtain, addressing large crowds in countries throughout Eastern
Europe and in the Soviet Union, calling for peace.[95] During the apartheid era, Graham consistently
refused to visit South Africa until its government allowed integrated seating for audiences. During
his first crusade there in 1973, he openly denounced apartheid.[96] Graham also corresponded with
imprisoned South African leader Nelson Mandela during the latter's 27-year imprisonment.[97]

1:15

Graham at the Feyenoord-stadion in

Rotterdam, the Netherlands (June 30,
1955)

In 1984, he led a series of summer meetings—Mission England—in the United Kingdom, and he
used outdoor football (soccer) fields for his venues.

Graham was interested in fostering evangelism around the world. In 1983, 1986 and 2000 he
sponsored, organized and paid for massive training conferences for Christian evangelists; this
was, at the time, the largest representation of nations ever held. Over 157 nations were gathered in
2000 at the RAI Convention Center in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. At one revival in Seoul, South
Korea, Graham attracted more than one million people to a single service.[47] He appeared in China
in 1988; for his wife, Ruth, this was a homecoming, since she had been born in China to missionary
parents. He appeared in North Korea in 1992.[84]

On October 15, 1989, Graham received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He was the only
person functioning as a minister who received a star in that capacity.[98]

On September 22, 1991, Graham held his largest event in North America on the Great Lawn of
Manhattan's Central Park. City officials estimated that more than 250,000 were in attendance. In
1998, Graham spoke to a crowd of scientists and philosophers at the Technology, Entertainment,
Design Conference.

On September 14, 2001 (only three days after the World Trade Center attacks), Graham was invited
to lead a service at Washington National Cathedral; the service was attended by President George
W. Bush and past and present leaders. He also spoke at the memorial service following the
Oklahoma City bombing in 1995.[84] On June 24–26, 2005, Graham began what he said would be
his last North American crusade: three days at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in the borough of
Queens, New York City. On the weekend of March 11–12, 2006, Graham held the "Festival of Hope"
with his son, Franklin Graham. The festival was held in New Orleans, which was recovering from
Hurricane Katrina.

Graham prepared one last sermon, "My Hope America", which was released on DVD and played
around America and possibly worldwide between November 7–10, 2013. November 7 was
Graham's 95th birthday, and he hoped to cause a revival.[99]

Later life
Graham said that his planned retirement was a result of his failing health; he had suffered from
hydrocephalus from 1992 on.[100] In August 2005, Graham appeared at the groundbreaking for his
library in Charlotte, North Carolina. Then 86, he used a walker during the ceremony. On July 9,
2006, he spoke at the Metro Maryland Franklin Graham Festival, held in Baltimore, Maryland, at
Oriole Park at Camden Yards.

In April 2010, Graham was 91 and experiencing substantial vision, hearing, and balance loss when
he made a rare public appearance at the re-dedication of the renovated Billy Graham Library.[101]

There was controversy within his family over Graham's proposed burial place. He announced in
June 2007 that he and his wife would be buried alongside each other at the Billy Graham Library in
his hometown of Charlotte. Graham's younger son Ned argued with older son Franklin about
whether burial at a library would be appropriate. Ruth Graham had said that she wanted to be
buried in the mountains at the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove near Asheville, North
Carolina, where she had lived for many years; Ned supported his mother's choice.[102][103] Novelist
Patricia Cornwell, a family friend, also opposed burial at the library, calling it a tourist attraction.
Franklin wanted his parents to be buried at the library site.[102] When Ruth Graham died, it was
announced that they would be buried at the library site.[103]

In 2011, when asked if he would have done things differently, he said he would have spent more
time at home with his family, studied more, and preached less.[104] Additionally, he said he would
have participated in fewer conferences. He also said he had a habit of advising evangelists to save
their time and avoid having too many commitments.
Politics
After his close relationships with Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon, Graham tried to avoid
explicit partisanship. Bailey says: "He declined to sign or endorse political statements, and he
distanced himself from the Christian right ... His early years of fierce opposition to communism
gave way to pleas for military disarmament and attention to AIDS, poverty and environmental
threats."[105]

Graham was a lifelong registered member of the Democratic Party.[106] In 1960, he opposed the
candidacy of John F. Kennedy, fearing that Kennedy, as a Catholic, would be bound to follow the
Pope. Graham worked "behind the scenes" to encourage influential Protestant ministers to speak
out against Kennedy.[107] During the 1960 campaign, Graham met with a conference of Protestant
ministers in Montreux, Switzerland, to discuss their mobilization of congregations to defeat
Kennedy.[108] According to the PBS Frontline program, God in America, Graham organized a meeting
of hundreds of Protestant ministers in Washington, D.C., in September 1960 for this purpose; the
meeting was led by Norman Vincent Peale.[107] This was shortly before Kennedy's speech in
Houston, Texas, on the separation of church and state; the speech was considered to be
successful in meeting the concerns of many voters. After his election, Kennedy invited Graham to
play golf in Palm Beach, Florida, after which Graham acknowledged Kennedy's election as an
opportunity for Catholics and Protestants to come closer together.[109][110] After they had
discussed Jesus Christ at that meeting, the two remained in touch, meeting for the last time at a
National Day of Prayer meeting in February 1963.[110] In his autobiography, Graham claimed to
have felt an "inner foreboding" in the week before Kennedy's assassination, and to have tried to
contact him to say, "Don't go to Texas!"[111]

Graham opposed the large majority of abortions, but supported it as a legal option in a very narrow
range of circumstances: rape, incest, and the life of the mother.[112] The Billy Graham Evangelistic
Association states that "Life is sacred, and we must seek to protect all human life: the unborn, the
child, the adult, and the aged."[113]

Graham leaned toward the Republicans during the presidency of Richard Nixon, whom he had met
and befriended as vice president under Dwight D. Eisenhower.[114] He did not completely ally
himself with the later religious right, saying that Jesus did not have a political party.[23] He gave his
support to various political candidates over the years.[114]
In 2007, Graham explained his refusal to join Jerry Falwell's Moral Majority in 1979, saying: "I'm for
morality, but morality goes beyond sex to human freedom and social justice. We as clergy know so
very little to speak with authority on the Panama Canal or superiority of armaments. Evangelists
cannot be closely identified with any particular party or person. We have to stand in the middle to
preach to all people, right and left. I haven't been faithful to my own advice in the past. I will be in
the future."[115]

According to a 2006 Newsweek interview, "For Graham, politics is a secondary to the Gospel ...
When Newsweek asked Graham whether ministers – whether they think of themselves as
evangelists, pastors or a bit of both – should spend time engaged with politics, he replied: 'You
know, I think in a way that has to be up to the individual as he feels led of the Lord. A lot of things
that I commented on years ago would not have been of the Lord, I'm sure, but I think you have
some – like communism, or segregation, on which I think you have a responsibility to speak
out.'"[116]

In 2011, although grateful to have met politicians who have spiritual needs like everyone else, he
said he sometimes crossed the line and would have preferred to avoid politics.[104]

In 2012, Graham endorsed the Republican presidential candidate, Mitt Romney.[117] Shortly after,
apparently to accommodate Romney, who is a Mormon, references to Mormonism as a religious
cult ("A cult is any group which teaches doctrines or beliefs that deviate from the biblical message
of the Christian faith.") were removed from Graham's website.[118][119] Observers have questioned
whether the support of Republican and religious right politics on issues such as same-sex
marriage coming from Graham – who stopped speaking in public or to reporters – in fact reflects
the views of his son, Franklin, head of the BGEA. Franklin denied this, and said that he would
continue to act as his father's spokesperson rather than allowing press conferences.[120] In 2016,
according to his son Franklin, Graham voted for Donald Trump.[121] This statement has been
disputed by other children and grandchildren of Billy Graham, who argue that he was too ill to vote
(even absentee), and who reiterated that Billy Graham's stated greatest regret in life was becoming
involved in partisan politics.[122]
Pastor to presidents

President Ronald Reagan and first

lady Nancy Reagan greet Graham at
the National Prayer Breakfast of 1981

Graham had a personal audience with many sitting US presidents, from Harry S. Truman to Barack
Obama – 12 consecutive presidents. After meeting with Truman in 1950, Graham told the press he
had urged the president to counter communism in North Korea. Truman disliked him and did not
speak with him for years after that meeting.[23] Later he always treated his conversations with
presidents as confidential.[114]

Truman made his contempt for Graham public. He wrote about Graham in his 1974 autobiography
Plain Speaking: "But now we've got just this one evangelist, this Billy Graham, and he's gone off the
beam. He's ... well, I hadn't ought to say this, but he's one of those counterfeits I was telling you
about. He claims he's a friend of all the presidents, but he was never a friend of mine when I was
President. I just don't go for people like that. All he's interested in is getting his name in the
paper."[123]

Graham in 1966
Graham became a regular visitor during the tenure of Dwight D. Eisenhower. He purportedly urged
him to intervene with federal troops in the case of the Little Rock Nine to gain admission of black
students to public schools.[23] House Speaker Sam Rayburn persuaded Congress to allow Graham
to conduct the first religious service on the steps of the Capitol building in 1952.[23][124] Eisenhower
asked for Graham while on his deathbed.[125]

Graham met and became a close friend of Vice President Richard Nixon,[114][126] and supported
Nixon, a Quaker, for the 1960 presidential election.[23] He convened an August strategy session of
evangelical leaders in Montreux, Switzerland, to plan how best to oppose Nixon's Roman Catholic
opponent, Senator John F. Kennedy.[127] Though a registered Democrat, Graham also maintained
firm support of aggression against the foreign threat of communism and strongly sympathized
with Nixon's views regarding American foreign policy.[128] Thus, he was more sympathetic to
Republican administrations.[114][129]

On December 16, 1963, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, who was impressed by the way Graham
had praised the work of his great-grandfather, George Washington Baines, invited Graham to the
White House to receive spiritual counseling. After this visit, Johnson frequently called on Graham
for more spiritual counseling as well as companionship. As Graham recalled to his biographer
Frady, "I almost used the White House as a hotel when Johnson was President. He was always
trying to keep me there. He just never wanted me to leave."[74]

In contrast with his more limited access with Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy, Graham would not
only visit the White House private quarters but would also at times kneel at Johnson's bedside and
pray with him whenever the President requested him to do so. Graham once recalled "I have never
had many people do that."[74] In addition to his White House visits, Graham visited Johnson at
Camp David and occasionally met with the President when he retreated to his private ranch in
Stonewall, Texas. Johnson was also the first sitting president to attend one of Graham's crusades,
in Houston, Texas, in 1965.[74]

During the 1964 United States presidential election, supporters of Republican nominee Barry
Goldwater sent an estimated 2 million telegrams to Graham's hometown of Montreat, North
Carolina, and sought the preacher's endorsement. Supportive of Johnson's domestic policies, and
hoping to preserve his friendship with the president, Graham resisted pressure to endorse
Goldwater and stayed neutral in the election. Following Johnson's election victory, Graham's role as
the main White House pastor was solidified. At one point, Johnson even considered making
Graham a member of his cabinet and grooming him to be his successor, though Graham insisted
he had no political ambitions and wished to remain a preacher.[74] Graham's biographer David
Aikman acknowledged that the preacher was closer to Johnson than any other president he had
ever known.[128]

He spent the last night of Johnson's presidency in the White House, and he stayed for the first
night of Nixon's.[125] After Nixon's victorious 1968 presidential campaign, Graham became an
adviser, regularly visiting the White House and leading the president's private worship services.[114]
In a meeting they had with Golda Meir, Nixon offered Graham the ambassadorship to Israel, but he
declined the offer.[23]

President Barack Obama and Graham

meet at Graham's home in Montreat,
North Carolina, April 2010

In 1970, Nixon appeared at a Graham revival in East Tennessee, which they thought safe politically.
It drew one of the largest crowds in Tennessee of protesters against the Vietnam War. Nixon was
the first president to give a speech from an evangelist's platform.[114] Their friendship became
strained in 1973 when Graham rebuked Nixon for his post-Watergate behavior and the profanity
heard on the Watergate tapes.[130] They eventually reconciled after Nixon's resignation.[114]

Graham officiated at one presidential burial and one presidential funeral. He presided over the
graveside services of President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1973 and took part in eulogizing the former
president. Graham officiated at the funeral services of former First Lady Pat Nixon in 1993,[23] and
the death and state funeral of Richard Nixon in 1994.[131] During the Monica Lewinsky scandal,
Graham asserted that he believed President Bill Clinton to be "a spiritual person". He was unable to
attend the state funeral of Ronald Reagan on June 11, 2004, as he was recovering from hip
replacement surgery.[132] This was mentioned by George W. Bush in his eulogy.

On April 25, 2010, President Barack Obama visited Graham at his home in Montreat, North
Carolina, where they "had a private prayer".[133]
Relationship with Queen Elizabeth II
Graham had a friendly relationship with Queen Elizabeth II and was frequently invited by the Royal
Family to special events.[134][135] They first met in 1955, and Graham preached at Windsor Chapel
at the Queen's invitation during the following year. Their friendly relationship may have been
because they shared a traditional approach to the practical aspects of the Christian faith.[136]

Foreign policy views

Graham was outspoken against communism and supported the American Cold War policy,
including the Vietnam War. In a secret letter from April 15, 1969, made public twenty years later,
Graham encouraged Nixon to bomb the dikes in North Vietnam if the peace talks in Paris should
fail. This action would "destroy the economy of North Vietnam" and, by Nixon's estimate, would
have killed a million people.[137]

In 1982, Graham preached in the Soviet Union and attended a wreath-laying ceremony to honor the
war dead of World War II, when the Soviets were American allies in the fight against Nazism. He
voiced fear of a second holocaust, not against Jews, but "a nuclear holocaust" and advised that
"our greatest contribution to world peace is to live with Christ every day."[138]

In a 1999 speech, Graham discussed his relationship with the late North Korean leader Kim Il Sung,
praising him as a "different kind of communist" and "one of the great fighters for freedom in his
country against the Japanese". Graham went on to note that although he had never met Kim's son
and then-current North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, he had "exchanged gifts with him".[139]
Controversial views

Discussion of Jews with President

Nixon
During the Watergate affair, there were suggestions that Graham had expressed antisemitic
opinions in private discussions with Richard Nixon; he denied this, stressing his efforts to build
bridges to the Jewish community. In 2002, the controversy was renewed when declassified
"Richard Nixon tapes" confirmed remarks made by Graham to Nixon three decades earlier.[140]
Captured on the tapes, Graham agreed with Nixon that Jews control the American media, calling it
a "stranglehold" during a 1972 conversation with Nixon, and suggesting that if Nixon was re-
elected that they might be able to do something about it.[141]

When the tapes were made public, Graham apologized[142][143] and said, "Although I have no
memory of the occasion, I deeply regret comments I apparently made in an Oval Office
conversation with President Nixon ... some 30 years ago. ... They do not reflect my views and I
sincerely apologize for any offense caused by the remarks."[144] According to Newsweek magazine,
"[T]he shock of the revelation was magnified because of Graham's longtime support of Israel and
his refusal to join in calls for conversion of the Jews."[143]

In 2009, more Nixon tapes were released, in which Graham is heard in a 1973 conversation with
Nixon referring to a group of Jewish journalists as "the synagogue of Satan". A spokesman for
Graham said that Graham has never been an antisemite and that the comparison (in accord with
the context of the quotation in the Book of Revelation[145]) was directed specifically at those
claiming to be Jews, but not holding to traditional Jewish values.[146]
Ecumenism
After a 1957 crusade in New York, some more fundamentalist Protestant Christians criticized
Graham for his ecumenism, even calling him "Antichrist".[147]

Graham expressed inclusivist views, suggesting that people without explicit faith in Jesus can be
saved. In a 1997 interview with Robert Schuller, Graham said:

I think that everybody that loves or knows Christ, whether they are conscious of it or
not, they are members of the body of Christ ... [God] is calling people out of the world
for his name, whether they come from the Muslim world, or the Buddhist world or
the non-believing world, they are members of the Body of Christ because they have
been called by God. They may not know the name of Jesus but they know in their
hearts that they need something they do not have, and they turn to the only light they
have, and I think that they are saved and they are going to be with us in heaven.[148]

Iain Murray, writing from a conservative Protestant standpoint, argues that "Graham's concessions
are sad words from one who once spoke on the basis of biblical certainties."[149]

Views on women
In 1970, Graham stated that feminism was "an echo of our overall philosophy of permissiveness"
and that women did not want to be "competitive juggernauts pitted against male
chauvinists".[150][151] He further stated that the role of wife, mother, and homemaker was the
destiny of "real womanhood" according to the Judeo-Christian ethic. Graham's assertions,
published in the Ladies' Home Journal, elicited letters of protest, and were offered as rebuttal to the
establishment of "The New Feminism" section of the publication that had added following a sit-in
protest at the Journal offices demanding female representation on the staff of the
publication.[152][153][154][155]

Graham's daughter Bunny recounted her father denying her and her sisters higher education. As
reported in The Washington Post:[156]
 Bunny remembers being groomed for the life of wife, homemaker, and
mother. "There was never an idea of a career for us", she said. "I wanted
to go to nursing school – Wheaton had a five-year program – but Daddy
said no. No reason, no explanation, just 'No.' It wasn't confrontational
and he wasn't angry, but when he decided, that was the end of it." She
added, "He has forgotten that. Mother has not."

Graham's daughter Anne is a Christian minister, leading a Christian ministry organization known as
AnGeL Ministries.[157]

Graham talked his future wife, Ruth, into abandoning her ambition to evangelize in Tibet in favor of
staying in the United States to marry him – and that to do otherwise would be "to thwart God's
obvious will".[156] After Ruth agreed to marry him, Graham cited the Bible for claiming authority
over her, saying, "then I'll do the leading and you do the following".[156] According to her obituary,
Ruth was active in Christian ministry after they married, often teaching Sunday School.[158] Her
obituary states that in addition to his two sons, all three of Graham's daughters would become
Christian ministers as well.[159]

Views on homosexuality
Graham regarded homosexuality as a sin, and in 1974 described it as "a sinister form of
perversion".[160][161] In 1993, he said that he thought AIDS might be a "judgment" from God, but two
weeks later he retracted the remark, saying: "I don't believe that, and I don't know why I said it."[162]
Graham opposed same-sex marriage, stating that "I believe the home and marriage is the
foundation of our society and must be protected."[163][164] Graham's obituary noted that his stated
position was that he did not want to talk about homosexuality as a political issue.[162] Corky
Siemaszko, writing for NBC News, noted that after the 1993 incident, Graham "largely steered clear
of the subject".[165] However, Graham appeared to take a more tolerant approach to the issue of
homosexuality when he appeared on the May 2, 1997, episode of 20/20, stating "I think that the
Bible teaches that homosexuality is a sin, but the Bible also teaches that pride is a sin, jealously is
a sin, and hate is a sin, evil thoughts are a sin, and so I don't think that homosexuality should be
chosen as the overwhelming sin that we are doing today."[166]
In 2012, Graham and his son, Franklin, publicly endorsed North Carolina Amendment 1, a measure
to ban same-sex marriage in the state. They both condemned President Obama's public
declaration of support for same-sex marriage later that year.[167][168]

Awards and honors

Graham was frequently honored by surveys, including "Greatest Living American", and consistently
ranked among the most admired persons in the United States and the world.[47] He appeared most
frequently on Gallup's list of most admired people.[169] On the day of his death, Graham had been
on Gallup's Top 10 "Most Admired Man" list 61 times, and held the highest rank of any person since
the list began in 1948.[15]

In 1967, he was the first Protestant to receive an honorary degree from Belmont Abbey College, a
Roman Catholic school.[170] In 1983, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by US
President Ronald Reagan.[171]

Graham received the Big Brother of the Year Award for his work on behalf of children. He was cited
by the George Washington Carver Memorial Institute for his contributions to race relations. He
received the Templeton Foundation Prize for Progress in Religion and the Sylvanus Thayer Award
for his commitment to "Duty, Honor, Country". The "Billy Graham Children's Health Center" in
Asheville is named after and funded by Graham.[172]

In 1999, the Gospel Music Association inducted Graham into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame to
recognize his contributions to Christian music artists such as Michael W. Smith, dc Talk, Amy
Grant, Jars of Clay, and others who performed at the Billy Graham Crusades.[173] Graham was the
first non-musician inducted,[174] and had also helped to revitalize interest in hymns and create new
favorite songs.[175] Singer Michael W. Smith was active in Billy Graham Crusades as well as
Samaritan's Purse.[176] Smith sang "Just As I Am" in a tribute to Graham at the 44th GMA Dove
Awards.[177] He also sang it at the memorial service honoring Graham at the United States Capitol
rotunda on February 28, 2018.[178][179]

In 2000, former First Lady Nancy Reagan presented the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award to Graham.
Graham was a friend of the Reagans for years.[180]

In 2001, Queen Elizabeth II awarded him an honorary knighthood. The honor was presented to him
by Sir Christopher Meyer, British Ambassador to the US at the British Embassy in Washington DC
on December 6, 2001.[181]

A professorial chair is named after him at the Alabama Baptist-affiliated Samford University, the
Billy Graham Professor of Evangelism and Church Growth.[140] His alma mater, Wheaton College,
has an archive of his papers at the Billy Graham Center.[13] The Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary has the Billy Graham School of Missions, Evangelism and Ministry. Graham received 20
honorary degrees and refused at least that many more.[47] In San Francisco, California, the Bill
Graham Civic Auditorium is sometimes erroneously called the "Billy Graham Civic Auditorium" and
incorrectly considered to be named in his honor, but it is actually named after the rock and roll
promoter Bill Graham.[182]

On May 31, 2007, the $27 million Billy Graham Library was officially dedicated in Charlotte. Former
presidents Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton appeared to celebrate with
Graham.[183] A highway in Charlotte bears Graham's name,[102] as does I-240 near Graham's home
in Asheville.

As Graham's final crusade approached in 2005, his friend Pat Boone chose to create a song in
honor of Graham,[184] which he co-wrote and produced with David Pack and Billy Dean,[185] who
digitally combined studio recordings of various artists into what has been called a "'We Are the
World'-type" production.[186] Titled "Thank You Billy Graham", the song's video[187] was introduced
by Bono,[186] and included Faith Hill, MxPx,[184] John Ford Coley, John Elefante, Mike Herrera,
Michael McDonald, Jeffrey Osborne, LeAnn Rimes, Kenny Rogers, Connie Smith, Michael Tait, and
other singers, with brief narration by Larry King.[188] It was directed by Brian Lockwood[189] as a
tribute album.[190] In 2013, the album My Hope: Songs Inspired by the Message and Mission of Billy
Graham was recorded by Amy Grant, Kari Jobe, Newsboys, Matthew West, tobyMac, and other
music artists with new songs to honor Graham during his My Hope America with Billy Graham
outreach and the publication of his book The Reason for My Hope: Salvation.[191] Other songs
written to honor Graham include "Hero of the Faith" written by Eddie Carswell of NewSong, which
became a hit,[192] "Billy, You're My Hero" by Greg Hitchcock,[193] "Billy Graham" by The Swirling
Eddies, "Billy Graham's Bible" by Joe Nichols, "Billy Frank" by Randy Stonehill, and an original song
titled "Just as I Am" by Fernando Ortega.[184]

The movie Billy: The Early Years officially premiered in theaters on October 10, 2008, less than one
month before Graham's 90th birthday.[194] Graham did not comment on the film, but his son
Franklin released a critical statement on August 18, 2008, noting that the Billy Graham Evangelistic
Association "has not collaborated with nor does it endorse the movie".[195] Graham's eldest
daughter, Gigi, praised the film and was hired as a consultant to help promote it.[196]
Other honors

1996 Congressional Gold Medal shows Ruth and Billy Graham in profile (obverse); the Ruth and Billy Graham Children's
Health Center in Asheville, North Carolina (reverse).

The Salvation Army's Distinguished

Service Medal[197]
Who's Who in America listing annually
since 1954[198]
Freedoms Foundation Distinguished
Persons Award (several years)[199][200]
Gold Medal Award, National Institute of
Social Science, New York, 1957[200]
Annual Gutenberg Award of the Chicago
Bible Society, 1962[201]
Gold Award of the George Washington
Carver Memorial Institute, 1964, for
contribution to race relations, presented
by Senator Javits (NY)[202]
Speaker of the Year Award, awarded by
Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha,
1965[203]
The American Academy of
Achievement's Golden Plate Award,
1965[204]
Horatio Alger Award, 1965[202]
National Citizenship Award by the Military
Chaplains Association of the United
States of America, 1965[197]
Wisdom Award of Honor, 1965[205]
The Torch of Liberty Plaque by the Anti-
Defamation League of B'nai B'rith,
1969[203]
George Washington Honor Medal from
Freedoms Foundation of Valley Forge,
Pennsylvania, for his sermon "The Violent
Society", 1969 (also in 1974)[197]
Honored by Morality in Media for
"fostering the principles of truth, taste,
inspiration and love in media", 1969[197]
International Brotherhood Award from
the National Conference of Christians
and Jews, 1971[206]
Distinguished Service Award from the
National Association of Broadcasters,
1972[207]
Franciscan International Award, 1972[202]
Sylvanus Thayer Award from United
States Military Academy Association of
Graduates at West Point (The most
prestigious award the United States
Military Academy gives to a US citizen),
1972[200]
Direct Selling Association's Salesman of
the Decade award, 1975[203]
Philip Award from the Association of
United Methodist Evangelists, 1976[208]
American Jewish Committee's First
National Interreligious Award, 1977[209]
Southern Baptist Radio and Television
Commission's Distinguished
Communications Medal, 1977[197]
Jabotinsky Centennial Medal presented
by The Jabotinsky Foundation, 1980[200]
Religious Broadcasting Hall of Fame
award, 1981[210]
Templeton Foundation Prize for Progress
in Religion award, 1982[202]
Presidential Medal of Freedom, the
nation's highest civilian award, 1983[210]
National Religious Broadcasters Award
of Merit, 1986[210]
North Carolina Award in Public Service,
1986[211]
Good Housekeeping Most Admired Men
Poll,[211] 1997, No. 1 for five years in a
row and 16th time in top 10[198]
Congressional Gold Medal (along with
wife Ruth), highest honor Congress can
bestow on a private citizen, 1996[212]
Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation
Freedom Award, for monumental and
lasting contributions to the cause of
freedom, 2000[213]
 Honorary Knight Commander of the
Order of the British Empire (KBE)[210] for
his international contribution to civic and
religious life over 60 years, 2001[214]
Many honorary degrees including
University of Northwestern – St. Paul,
Minnesota, where Graham was once
president, named its newest campus
building the Billy Graham Community Life
Commons.[215]

Personal life

Billy Graham and his wife in

Oslo, Norway, 1955.
Family
On August 13, 1943, Graham married Wheaton classmate Ruth Bell, whose parents were
Presbyterian missionaries in China.[216] Her father, L. Nelson Bell, was a general surgeon.[47] Ruth
died on June 14, 2007, at age 87.[217] The couple were married for almost 64 years.[218]

Graham and his wife had five children together.[219] Virginia Leftwich (Gigi) Graham (b. 1945), an
inspirational speaker and author; Anne Graham Lotz (b. 1948), leader of AnGeL ministries; Ruth
Graham (b. 1950), founder and president of Ruth Graham & Friends and leader of conferences
throughout the US and Canada; Franklin Graham (b. 1952), president and CEO of the Billy Graham
Evangelistic Association and president and CEO of international relief organization Samaritan's
Purse; and Nelson Edman Graham (b. 1958), a pastor who runs East Gates Ministries
International,[220] which distributes Christian literature in China.

At the time of his death at age 99 in 2018, Graham was survived by 5 children, 19 grandchildren
(including Will Graham and Tullian Tchividjian), 41 great-grandchildren, and 6 great-great-
grandchildren.[221]

Church
In 1953, he became a member of the First Baptist Church Dallas, although he never lived in the
state of Texas.[222] In 2008, he changed his membership to the First Baptist Church of Spartanburg,
South Carolina, about a 1.5-hour drive from his home in Montreat, North Carolina.
Death

Ceremony to the Reverend Billy

Graham at the Capitol Rotunda,
February 28, 2018.

Graham died of natural causes on February 21, 2018, at his home in Montreat, North Carolina, at
the age of 99.[223][224]

On February 28 and March 1, 2018, Graham became the fourth private citizen in United States
history to lie in honor at the United States Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C.[225][226] He is the first
religious leader to be so honored. At the ceremony, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and
Speaker of the House Paul Ryan called Graham "America's pastor". President Donald Trump said
Graham was "an ambassador for Christ".[179] In addition, televangelist Jim Bakker paid respect to
Graham, stating he was the greatest preacher since Jesus. He also said that Graham visited him in
prison.[227][228]

A private funeral service was held on March 2, 2018. Graham was buried beside his wife at the foot
of the cross-shaped brick walkway in the Prayer Garden, on the northeast side of the Billy Graham
Library in Charlotte, North Carolina.[229] Graham's pine plywood casket was handcrafted in 2006 by
convicted murderers at the Louisiana State Penitentiary, and topped with a wooden cross that was
nailed to it by the prisoners.[230][231]

He is honored with a commemoration on the liturgical calendar of the Anglican Church in North
America on February 21.[232]
Honorary External videos
doctorates
Capitol Visitation
He has received several honorary
doctorates.[233]
for Billy Graham,
February 28, 2018 (h
1948: Doctor of
ttps://www.c-span.o
Divinity, Newcastle
rg/video/?441849-
University
1/billy-graham-lies-h
1948: Doctor of onor-us-capitol) , C-
Humanities, Bob SPAN
Jones University Funeral Service,
1950: Doctor of Billy Graham Library,

Laws, Houghton Charlotte, North

Carolina, March 2,
University
2018 (https://www.c
1954: Doctor of
-span.org/video/?44
Divinity, Baylor 1940-1/reverend-bill
University
1956: Doctor of y-graham-funeral-ser
Letters, Wheaton vice) , C-SPAN

College
1967: Doctor of Humane Letters, Belmont
Abbey College
1973: Doctor of Humane Letters,
Jacksonville University
1981: Doctor of Theology, Christian
Theological Seminary (Warsaw, Poland)
1981: Doctor of Theology, Reformed
Theological Academy (Debrecan,
Hungary)
1985: Doctor of Christianity, Dallas
Baptist University
 1990: Doctor of Humanities, Hong Kong
Baptist University
1996: Doctor of Divinity, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Media portrayals

Unbroken: Path to Redemption (2018):

Played by his grandson Will Graham.
The Crown (2016–2023): Netflix series,
Season 2 Episode 6. Played by actor Paul
Sparks.[234]
Billy: The Early Years (2008): Played by
actor Armie Hammer.[235]
Man in the 5th Dimension (1964): short
biographical film featuring Graham.
Works
Graham's My Answer advice column appeared in newspapers for more than 60 years as of
2017.[236]

Books
Graham authored the following books;[237] many of which have become bestsellers. In the 1970s,
for instance, The Jesus Generation sold 200,000 copies in the first two weeks after its publication;
Angels: God's Secret Agents had sales of a million copies within 90 days after release; How to Be
Born Again was said to have made publishing history with its first printing of 800,000 copies."[47]

Calling Youth to Christ (1947)

America's Hour of Decision (1951)
I Saw Your Sons at War (1953)
Peace with God (1953, 1984)
Freedom from the Seven Deadly Sins
(1955)
The Secret of Happiness (1955, 1985)
Billy Graham Talks to Teenagers (1958)
My Answer (1960)
Billy Graham Answers Your Questions
(1960)
World Aflame (1965)
The Challenge (1969)
The Jesus Generation (1971)
Angels: God's Secret Agents (1975, 1985)
How to Be Born Again (1977)
The Holy Spirit (1978)
Evangelist to the World (1979)
Till Armageddon (1981)
Approaching Hoofbeats (1983)
A Biblical Standard for Evangelists (1984)
Unto the Hills (1986)
Facing Death and the Life After (1987)
Answers to Life's Problems (1988)
Hope for the Troubled Heart (1991)
Storm Warning (1992)
Just As I Am: The Autobiography of Billy
Graham (1997, 2007)
Hope for Each Day (2002)
The Key to Personal Peace (2003)
Living in God's Love: The New York
Crusade (2005)
The Journey: How to Live by Faith in an
Uncertain World (2006)
Wisdom for Each Day (2008)
 Nearing Home: Life, Faith, and Finishing
Well (2011)
The Heaven Answer Book (2012)
The Reason for My Hope: Salvation
(2013)[238]
Where I Am: Heaven, Eternity, and Our Life
Beyond the Now (2015)[239]

References

1. "Why Billy Graham Was a Champion of the

Civil Rights Movement" (https://www.crossw
alk.com/special-coverage/billy-graham/why-
billy-graham-was-a-champion-of-the-civil-righ
ts-movement.html) . Crosswalk.com.
Retrieved October 21, 2023.
2. "Billy Graham and Racial Equality" (https://st
atic.billygraham.org/sites/billygrahamlibrary.
org/uploads/pro/2018/01/Student-Tours-Cu
rriculum-Civil-Rights-Middle-School.pdf)
(PDF). Billy Graham Evangelical Association.
2014.
3. Billy Graham: American Pilgrim (https://glob
al.oup.com/academic/product/billy-graham-
9780190683528?cc=us&lang=en&#) .
Oxford University Press. June 26, 2017.
ISBN 978-0-19-068352-8. Retrieved
February 21, 2018. "Billy Graham stands
among the most influential Christian leaders
of the twentieth century."
4. Swank jr, J. Grant. "Billy Graham Classics
Span 25 Years of Gospel Preaching for the
Masses" (https://web.archive.org/web/2013
1022031906/http://www.tbn.org/announce
ments/billy-graham-classics-span-25-years-o
f-gospel-preaching-for-the-masses) . TBN.
Archived from the original (http://www.tbn.or
g/announcements/billy-graham-classics-spa
n-25-years-of-gospel-preaching-for-the-mass
es) on October 22, 2013. Retrieved April 25,
2013.
5. Ellis, Carl (February 24, 2018). "Preaching
Redemption Amidst Racism: Remembering
Billy Graham" (https://web.archive.org/web/
20180227165429/http://www.christianitytod
ay.com/edstetzer/2018/february/advocate-f
or-all-remembering-billy-graham.html) .
Christianity Today. Archived from the original
(https://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetze
r/2018/february/advocate-for-all-rememberi
ng-billy-graham.html) on February 27, 2018.
Retrieved March 3, 2018.
6. "Media: Bios – William (Billy) F. Graham" (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/2007013100440
0/http://www.billygraham.org/mediaRelation
s/bios.asp?p=1) . Billy Graham Evangelistic
Association. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.billygraham.org/mediaRelations/bio
s.asp?p=1) on January 31, 2007.
7. Aikman 2010, p. 203.
8. "The Transition; Billy Graham to lead Prayers"
(https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.htm
l?res=9E0CE6D61E3AF93AA35751C1A9649
58260) . The New York Times. December 9,
1992. Retrieved December 24, 2007.
9. "Dr. Robert H. Schuller" (https://web.archive.
org/web/20121016112941/http://www.cryst
alcathedral.org/about/rhs.php) . Crystal
Cathedral Ministries. Archived from the
original (http://www.crystalcathedral.org/ab
out/rhs.php) on October 16, 2012. Retrieved
November 3, 2012.
10. Killen, Patricia O'Connell; Silk, Mark. Religion
and Public Life in the Pacific Northwest: The
None Zone. Rowman Altamira. p. 84. "In the
1957 revival in New York City Graham
partnered with mainline Protestant
denominations and insisted that those who
were converted at the revivals return to their
mainline churches."
11. Wacker, Grant (November 15, 2003). "The
Billy pulpit: Graham's career in the mainline"
(https://www.christiancentury.org/article/20
03-11/billy-pulpit) . The Christian Century.
Retrieved March 1, 2018. "Crusade
counselors are instructed to return the favor
by sending "inquirers" back to mainline
churches when requested."
12. Sweeney, Jon M. (February 21, 2018). "How
Billy Graham shaped American Catholicism"
(https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-
society/2018/02/21/how-billy-graham-shape
d-american-catholicism) . America.
Retrieved April 2, 2018. "A few years later, in
1964, Cardinal Richard Cushing of Boston
(who, as archbishop, had even endorsed a
Graham crusade in Boston in 1950) met with
Mr. Graham upon returning from Rome and
the Second Vatican Council, declaring before
a national television audience that Mr.
Graham's message was good for Catholics."
13. Horstmann, Barry M. (June 27, 2002). "Man
with a mission" (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20081203122410/http://cincinnati.com/bi
llygraham/p_man.html) . Cincinnati Post.
Archived from the original (http://www2.cinci
nnati.com/billygraham/p_man.html) on
December 3, 2008. Retrieved August 18,
2007.
14. Molly Worthen (February 4, 2015).
"Evangelical Boilerplate" (https://www.thenat
ion.com/article/archive/evangelical-boilerpla
te/) . The Nation. Retrieved 2 April 2023. "[...]
during his sixty years of full-time evangelism,
215 million people heard him preach in
person, and another 2 billion tuned in to
telecasts. His radio (and later television)
show Hour of Decision reached 20 million
homes in the 1950s..."
Jeff Tiberii (February 21, 2018).
"Evangelist Billy Graham, Who Reached
Millions, Dies At 99 (https://www.wunc.
org/news/2018-02-21/evangelist-billy-gr
aham-who-reached-millions-dies-at-9
9) " North Carolina Public Radio.
wunc.org. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
Jennifer Mulson (Feb 2, 2020). "New
Billy Graham exhibit dedicated to
evangelist's life, ministry (https://gazett
e.com/life/new-billy-graham-exhibit-dedi
cated-to-evangelists-life-ministry/article
_a8432430-412e-11ea-8320-0b246dcad
78b.html) ". The Colorado Springs
Gazette. gazette.com. Retrieved 1 April
2023.
Tim Funk (Feb. 21, 2018) "Key moments
in the long life of Billy Graham (https://w
ww.wbtv.com/story/37558263/key-mo
ments-in-the-long-life-of-billy-graha
m/) ". Gray Media Group. wbtv.com.
Retrieved 1 April 2023.
Jeaneane Payne (February 21, 2018).
"Billy Graham is now face to face with
his leader (https://www.knoxvilledailysu
n.com/news/2018/february/billy-graha
m-death.html) ". Knoxville Daily Sun.
Retrieved 1 April 2023.
Evan Garcia (February 21, 2018). "Billy
Graham, 'America's Pastor,' Got His Start
in the Chicago Area (https://news.wttw.
com/2018/02/21/billy-graham-america-
s-pastor-got-his-start-chicago-area) ".
WTTW, Chicago. news.wttw.com.
Retrieved 1 April 2023.
Encyclopedia.com – Billy Graham (http
s://www.encyclopedia.com/people/phil
osophy-and-religion/protestant-christian
ity-biographies/billy-graham) . Retrieved
1 April 2023.
Phil Anderson (21 February 2018).
"Evangelist Billy Graham, a counselor to
several presidents, dies at age 99 (http
s://www.cjonline.com/story/lifestyle/fai
th/2018/02/21/evangelist-billy-graham-
counselor-to-several-presidents-dies-at-
age-99/14216185007/) ". The Topeka
Capital-Journal; Gannett. cjonline.com.
Retrieved 1 April 2023.
Tanda Gmiter (21 February 2018). "Billy
Graham, dead at 99, known for
'Crusades' with Michigan roots (https://
www.mlive.com/news/us-world/2018/0
2/billy_graham_dies_at_99.html) ".
MLive Media Group. mlive.com.
Retrieved 1 April 2023.
Ben Cosgrove. "LIFE With Billy Graham:
Rare Photos From the Early Years of His
Career (https://www.life.com/people/bil
ly-graham-rare-photos-from-early-years-
of-his-career/) ". Life Magazine.
life.com. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
15. Frank Newport,"In the News: Billy Graham on
'Most Admired' List 61 Times" (http://news.g
allup.com/poll/228089/news-billy-graham-a
dmired-list-times.aspx) , Gallup, February 21,
2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
16. Wacker 2014, pp. 24–25.
17. Bruns, Roger (2004). "A Farm Boy Becomes a
Preacher" (https://books.google.com/book
s?id=HQvtTF1HSL8C&pg=PA5) . Billy
Graham: A Biography. Greenwood
biographies. Greenwood Press. pp. 5–14.
ISBN 978-0-313-32718-6.
18. "Billy Graham's Mother Dies" (https://www.ny
times.com/1981/08/16/obituaries/billy-grah
am-s-mother-dies.html) . The New York
Times Archives. August 16, 1981.
19. "Billy Graham's Childhood Home" (http://billy
grahamlibrary.org/video-graham-family-hom
eplace/) . Billygrahamlibrary.org. September
22, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
20. David George Mullan, Narratives of the
Religious Self in Early-Modern Scotland,
Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2010, p. 27
21. "They Call Me Mother Graham Morrow
Coffey Graham" (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20150923201129/http://www.ccel.us/mot
hergraham.toc.html#Chapter) . ccel.us.
Archived from the original (http://www.ccel.u
s/mothergraham.toc.html#Chapter) on
September 23, 2015. Retrieved June 23,
2015.
22. "Billy Graham Trivia What Did Billy Graham
Read as a Child" (http://billygraham.org/stor
y/billy-graham-trivia-what-did-billy-graham-re
ad-as-a-child/-'Billy-Graham-Trivia-What-Did-
Billy-Graham-Read-as-a-Child) .
billygraham.org. August 10, 2015. Retrieved
October 10, 2015.
23. Gibbs, Nancy; Ostling, Richard N. (November
15, 1993). "God's Billy Pulpit" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20070621232638/http://ww
w.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,9
79573,00.html) . Time. Archived from the
original (http://www.time.com/time/magazin
e/article/0,9171,979573,00.html) on June
21, 2007. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
24. "Who led Billy Graham to Christ..." (http://arc
hive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110513224056/h
ttp://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/faq/1
3.htm) Archives, Billy Graham Center,
Wheaton College. Archived from the original
(http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/faq/
13.htm) on May 13, 2011. Retrieved May 12,
2011.
25. "An Interview with Reverend Billy Graham" (ht
tps://web.archive.org/web/2015102113214
3/http://www.cmstory.org/billygraham) . The
Charlotte Mecklenburg Story. Charlotte
Mecklenburg Library. Archived from the
original (http://cmstory.org/billygraham) on
October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 21,
2015.
26. The institute is now Trinity College of Florida
in New Port Richey, Florida
27. Kirkland, Gary (June 25, 2005). "Graham's
first-ever sermon? Near Palatka" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20180222043710/http://
www.gainesville.com/article/LK/20050625/
News/604163212/GS/) . Gainesville Sun.
Archived from the original (http://www.gaine
sville.com/article/LK/20050625/News/6041
63212/GS/) on February 22, 2018. Retrieved
February 21, 2018.
28. "Profile: William (Billy) F. Graham, Jr.,
Evangelist and Chairman of the Board" (http
s://billygraham.org/about/biographies/billy-g
raham/) . billygraham.org/. Charlotte, NC:
Billy Graham Evangelistic Association.
Retrieved October 10, 2017.
29. "Indepth: Billy Graham" (https://web.archive.
org/web/20110119143909/http://www.cbc.
ca/news/background/graham_billy/) .
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Archived from the original (http://www.cbc.c
a/news/background/graham_billy/) on
January 19, 2011. Retrieved December 1,
2011.
30. Bill Adler, Ask Billy Graham: The World's
Best-Loved Preacher Answers Your Most
Important Questions, Thomas Nelson Inc,
USA, 2010, p. VIII
31. Beau Zimmer, Rev. Billy Graham attended
Bible College in Temple Terrace (https://ww
w.wtsp.com/article/news/local/rev-billy-grah
am-attended-bible-college-in-temple-terrace/
67-521631530) , wtsp.com, USA, February
21, 2018
32. "Billy Graham's California Dream" (http://ww
w.californiality.com/2011/12/billy-grahams-c
alifornia.html) . californiality.com. Retrieved
August 14, 2012.
33. "The Tree Stump Prayer: When Billy Graham
Overcame Doubt" (https://billygraham.org/st
ory/the-tree-stump-prayer-where-billy-graha
m-overcame-doubt/) . Billy Graham
Evangelistic Association.
34. Whalin, Terry (2014). Billy Graham A
Biography of America's Greatest Evangelist
(https://books.google.com/books?id=zsaeB
AAAQBAJ) . Morgan James Publishing.
pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-1-63047-231-3.
35. Laurie, Greg (2021). Billy Graham The Man I
Knew (https://books.google.com/books?id=
zbsyEAAAQBAJ&dq=billy+graham+preached
+western+springs+baptist+church&pg=PA11
5) . Salem Books. pp. 115–117. ISBN 978-1-
68451-059-7.
36. "Wheaton College Alumnus Billy Graham:
1918–2018". (https://www.wheaton.edu/ne
ws/recent-news/2018/february/wheaton-coll
ege-alumnus-billy-graham/) Wheaton.edu.
February 21, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
37. Seth Dowland, The "Modesto Manifesto" (htt
ps://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/a
rticle/the-modesto-manifesto/) ,
christianhistoryinstitute.org, USA, No. 111,
2014
38. Taylor, Justin (March 20, 2017). "Where Did
the 'Billy Graham Rule' Come From?" (https://
blogs.thegospelcoalition.org/evangelical-his
tory/2017/03/30/where-did-the-billy-graham-
rule-come-from/) . The Gospel Coalition.
Retrieved April 2, 2017.
39. Yonat Shimron, Billy Graham made sure his
integrity was never in question (https://religi
onnews.com/2018/02/23/billy-graham-mad
e-sure-integrity-never-question/) ,
religionnews.com, USA, February 23, 2018
40. AP and Hauser, Tom. "Evangelist Billy
Graham, a former Minnesota College
president, dies at 99". (http://kstp.com/natio
nal/christian-evangelist-rev-billy-graham-dies
-age-99/4797356/) Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20180302225315/http://kstp.
com/national/christian-evangelist-rev-billy-gr
aham-dies-age-99/4797356/) March 2,
2018, at the Wayback Machine ABC
Eyewitness News. February 22, 2018.
Retrieved March 2, 2018.
41. Farewell to God: My Reasons for Rejecting
the Christian Faith (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=NvTR05fodqYC) .
42. "Remembering the Billy Graham Crusades
That Led People to Jesus" (https://www2.cb
n.com/news/us/remembering-billy-graham-c
rusades-led-people-jesus) . Christian
Broadcasting Network. February 24, 2018.
Retrieved October 11, 2023.
43. Burke, Daniel (February 21, 2018). "How Billy
Graham became the most famous preacher
in America" (https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/
21/us/how-billy-graham-became-famous/ind
ex.html) . CNN. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
44. King, Randall E. (1997). "When Worlds
Collide: Politics, Religion, and Media at the
1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham Crusade".
Journal of Church and State. 39 (2): 273–95.
doi:10.1093/jcs/39.2.273 (https://doi.org/1
0.1093%2Fjcs%2F39.2.273) .
JSTOR 23919865 (https://www.jstor.org/sta
ble/23919865) .
45. William Martin, "The Riptide of Revival",
Christian History and Biography (2006),
Issue 92, pp. 24–29, online
46. Atwood, Rudy (1970). The Rudy Atwood
Story. Old Tappan, New Jersey: Revell.
p. 113. OCLC 90745 (https://www.worldcat.o
rg/oclc/90745) .
47. Stoddard, Maynard Good (March 1, 1986).
"Billy Graham: the world is his pulpit" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20220623110843/
https://www.gale.com/databases/questia) .
Saturday Evening Post. Archived from the
original (https://www.questia.com/read/1G1
-4151300) on June 23, 2022. Retrieved
January 7, 2019.
48. Stanley, Brian (March 2, 2018). "Billy Graham
(1918–2018): Prophet of World Christianity?"
(http://www.cswc.div.ed.ac.uk/2018/03/billy
-graham-1918-2018-prophet-of-world-christia
nity/) . Centre for the Study of World
Christianity. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
49. "AUDIO: Billy Graham Confronts Racism,
Teaches God Loves Everyone" (https://billygr
aham.org/audio/confronting-racism-billy-gra
ham-teaches-god-loves-everyone/) . Billy
Graham Evangelistic Association. Retrieved
November 22, 2020.
50. Eckstrom, Kevin (February 21, 2018). " 'Just
As I Am' was Billy Graham's signature hymn"
(https://religionnews.com/2018/02/21/just-
as-i-am-was-billy-grahams-signature-hym
n/) . Religion News Service. Retrieved
October 11, 2023.
51. Andrew S. Finstuen, Anne Blue Wills, Grant
Wacker, Billy Graham: American Pilgrim,
Oxford University Press, UK, 2017, p. 104
52. Grossman, Cathy Lynn (February 21, 2018).
"Billy Graham reached millions through his
crusades. Here's how he did it" (https://www.
usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/02/
21/billy-graham-crusades-how-evangelists-re
ached-millions/858165001/) . USA Today.
Retrieved October 11, 2023.
53. "Billy Graham Crusades" (https://billygraham.
org/news/media-resources/electronic-press-
kit/crusade-cities/crusades/) . Billy Graham
Evangelistic Association. Retrieved June 5,
2023.
54. Usborne, David (June 24, 2005). "Billy
Graham and the Last Crusade" (https://www.
independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/bil
ly-graham-and-the-last-crusade-294716.htm
l) . The Independent.
55. "Billy Graham, InterVarsity & New York City"
(http://www.intervarsity.org/news/billy-graha
m-intervarsity--new-york-city-1788) .
intervarsity.org. June 21, 2005. Retrieved
February 21, 2013.
56. "William Borden: No Reserves. No Retreats.
No Regrets" (https://home.snu.edu/~hculber
t/regret.htm) . Home.snu.edu. Retrieved
February 21, 2013.
57. "InterVarsity Remembers Billy Graham" (http
s://intervarsity.org/news/intervarsity-remem
bers-billy-graham) . InterVarsity. February 21,
2018. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
58. For Christ and the University: The Story of
InterVarsity Christian Fellowship of the USA
– 1940–1990 by Keith Hunt and Gladys
Hunt, InterVarsity Press, 1991.
59. "Oliver Barclay" (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20141210183950/https://share.trin.cam.a
c.uk/sites/public/Alumni/obituaries/Oliver_B
arclay.pdf) (PDF). The Times. London.
October 4, 2013. Archived from the original
(https://share.trin.cam.ac.uk/sites/public/Al
umni/obituaries/Oliver_Barclay.pdf) (PDF)
on December 10, 2014. Retrieved
December 13, 2013.
60. "Rev. Billy Graham: His Life By The Numbers,
Years, and Millions" (https://www.wfmynews
2.com/article/news/local/rev-billy-graham-hi
s-life-by-the-numbers-years-and-millions/83-
523431321) . WFMY. February 26, 2018.
Retrieved February 13, 2021.
61. "My Answer: From the writings of the Rev.
Billy Graham" (https://tribunecontentagency.
com/premium-content/advice/my-answe
r/) . Tribune Content Agency. Retrieved
October 9, 2018.
62. "Formats and Editions of Decision magazine"
(https://www.worldcat.org/formats-editions/
14192314) . WorldCat. Retrieved
February 13, 2021.
63. TOULOUSE, MARK G. (1993). " "Christianity
Today" and American Public Life: A Case
Study". Journal of Church and State. 35 (2):
241–284. doi:10.1093/jcs/35.2.241 (https://
doi.org/10.1093%2Fjcs%2F35.2.241) .
ISSN 0021-969X (https://www.worldcat.org/i
ssn/0021-969X) . JSTOR 23918687 (https://
www.jstor.org/stable/23918687) .
64. Adewara, Bola (February 23, 2018). "30
FACTS YOU DID NOT KNOW ABOUT BILLY
GRAHAM – By Bola Adewara" (https://elifeo
nline.net/11828-2/) . Reporting the living
Word. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
65. John Lyden, The Routledge Companion to
Religion and Film, Taylor & Francis,
Abingdon-on-Thames, 2009, p. 82
66. "Billy Graham" (https://www.imdb.com/nam
e/nm0333932/bio#trivia) . IMDb. Retrieved
March 19, 2022.
67. "New Billy Graham outreach: Hosting
'Matthew parties' to share the gospel" (htt
p://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2013/04/ne
w_billy_graham_outreach_host.html) .
al.com. April 16, 2013. Retrieved August 12,
2013.
68. Jenkins, Colleen (October 31, 2013).
"Evangelist Billy Graham to mark 95th
birthday with message to America" (https://
www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-people-grah
am/evangelist-billy-graham-to-mark-95th-birt
hday-with-message-to-america-idUSBRE99U
14020131031) . Reuters. Retrieved
November 6, 2018.
69. Schier 2013, pp. 404–5.
70. Miller 2009, pp. 13–38.
71. "Text Of Second Graham Sermon, Delivered
To Capacity Crowd In VU Gym" (https://www.
newspapers.com/article/nashville-banner-te
xt-of-second-graham-s/138495295/) .
Nashville Banner. August 25, 1954. p. 6.
Retrieved January 10, 2024 – via
Newspapers.com.
72. "Graham, William Franklin" (https://kinginstit
ute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/graham-willia
m-franklin) . Martin Luther King Jr. And The
Global Freedom Struggle. Stanford
University. May 8, 2017. Retrieved
December 4, 2019.
73. Remembering Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.: Gun
Fire 45 Years Ago Kills Man that Billy
Graham Considered a Friend (http://www.bill
ygraham.org/articlepage.asp?articleid=842
3) Billy Graham.com, April 4, 2013.
Retrieved October 29, 2013
74. Aikman 2010, pp. 195–203.
75. "To Billy Graham" (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20131031211839/http://mlk-kpp01.stanf
ord.edu/primarydocuments/Vol4/23-July-19
58_ToGraham.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the
original (http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/prim
arydocuments/Vol4/23-July-1958_ToGraha
m.pdf) (PDF) on October 31, 2013. Retrieved
December 9, 2013.
76. "From Grady Wilson" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20131031212047/http://mlk-kpp01.s
tanford.edu/primarydocuments/Vol4/28-Jul
y-1958_FromWilson.pdf) (PDF). Archived
from the original (http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.
edu/primarydocuments/Vol4/28-July-1958_
FromWilson.pdf) (PDF) on October 31,
2013. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
77. Long 2008, pp. 150–151.
78. "The Archive – The Martin Luther King Jr.
Center for Nonviolent Social Change" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20150315074536/
http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/them
e/2179) . thekingcenter.org. Archived from
the original (http://www.thekingcenter.org/ar
chive/theme/2179) on March 15, 2015.
Retrieved April 5, 2018.
79. Blake, John (February 22, 2018). "Where Billy
Graham 'missed the mark' " (https://www.cn
n.com/2018/02/22/us/billy-graham-mlk-civil
-rights/index.html) . CNN. Retrieved
March 20, 2018.
80. Emerson, Michael O.; Smith, Christian (July
20, 2000). Divided by Faith: Evangelical
Religion and the Problem of Race in America
(https://books.google.com/books?id=1gM6
KphyINsC&q=andrew+young+wife+1994+bill
y+graham&pg=PA64) . Oxford University
Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-19-514707-0.
Retrieved June 10, 2020.
81. "Billy Graham passes away: Andrew Young
remembers the reverend" (http://www.11aliv
e.com/video/news/billy-graham-passes-awa
y-andrew-young-remembers-the-reverend/85
-8015124) . Retrieved April 5, 2018.
82. FOX (February 22, 2018). "Civil rights leader
reflects on Billy Graham's impact on Atlanta,
movement" (http://www.fox5atlanta.com/ne
ws/rev-billy-graham-remembered-as-a-friend-
to-the-civil-rights-movement) . Retrieved
April 5, 2018.
83. Billy Graham passes away: Congressman
John Lewis remembers the reverend (http
s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PqRiItBO-
E) 11 Alive, February 21, 2018, Accessed
October 6, 2020
84. "Billy Graham: an appreciation" (https://web.
archive.org/web/20110829105151/http://w
ww.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-87912863.htm
l) . Baptist History and Heritage. June 22,
2006. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-87912863.html)
on August 29, 2011. Retrieved August 18,
2007.
85. "Religion: A Challenge from Evangelicals" (ht
tp://content.time.com/time/magazine/articl
e/0,9171,879423,00.html) . Time. August 5,
1974. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
86. "Churchwoman to give talk" (https://www.okl
ahoman.com/article/2553590/churchwoma
n-to-give-talk) . The Oklahoman. October 26,
1996. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
87. Graham, Billy (July 16, 1974). Why
Lausanne? (https://web.archive.org/web/20
131214005434/http://www2.wheaton.edu/b
gc/archives/docs/Lausanne/704/graham.ht
m) (Audio recording). Lausanne,
Switzerland: Billy Graham Center Archives.
Archived from the original (http://www2.whe
aton.edu/bgc/archives/docs/Lausanne/704/
graham.htm) on December 14, 2013.
Retrieved December 14, 2013.
88. Stott, John (1997). "Foreword by Billy
Graham". Making Christ known: historic
mission documents from the Lausanne
Movement, 1974–1989. US: Wm. B.
Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 0-
8028-4315-8.
89. Kennedy, John W. (September 29, 2010).
"The Most Diverse Gathering Ever" (http://w
ww.christianitytoday.com/ct/2010/septemb
er/34.66.html) . Christianity Today. Retrieved
December 13, 2013.
90. BBC news website, Billy Graham on BBC
(February 21, 2018). "Billy Graham: Six things
he believed" (https://www.bbc.com/news/w
orld-us-canada-43144752) . BBC News.
Retrieved April 14, 2023.
91. Grant Wacker. America's Pastor: Billy
Graham and the Shaping of a Nation Look
for the purposes 2014 p. 2.
92. David Roach, Billy Graham's Southern Baptist
ties highlighted (https://www.baptistpress.c
om/resource-library/news/billy-grahams-sou
thern-baptist-ties-highlighted/) ,
baptistpress.com, USA, February 23, 2018
93. " 'Man in the 5th Dimension' " (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20110525223201/http://ww
w.in70mm.com/news/2005/5th_dimension/
chapters/credits.htm) . The 70 mm
Newsletter. March 6, 2005. Archived from
the original (http://www.in70mm.com/news/
2005/5th_dimension/chapters/credits.htm)
on May 25, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
94. Hirsch, Foster (2001). Love, Sex, Death & The
Meaning of Life: The Films of Woody Allen (h
ttps://books.google.com/books?id=xS9f-DI5
ag4C&pg=PA52) . Da Capo Press. p. 52.
ISBN 0-306-81017-4.
95. Gibbs, Nancy; Duffy, Michael (May 31, 2007).
"Billy Graham: A Spiritual Gift to All" (https://
web.archive.org/web/20070603153247/htt
p://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,859
9,1627139,00.html) . Time. Archived from
the original (http://www.time.com/time/nati
on/article/0,8599,1627139,00.html) on
June 3, 2007.
96. Aikman 2007, pp. 109–10.
97. [1] (http://crossmap.christianpost.com/new
s/billy-graham-nelson-mandela-united-by-ap
artheid-opposition-7290) Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20131211081713/htt
p://crossmap.christianpost.com/news/billy-
graham-nelson-mandela-united-by-apartheid-
opposition-7290) December 11, 2013, at the
Wayback Machine
98. Stolberg, Sheryl (October 16, 1989). "Billy
Graham Now a Hollywood Star" (http://articl
es.latimes.com/1989-10-16/local/me-93_1_
evangelist-billy-graham) . Los Angeles
Times. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
 99. "My Hope With Billy Graham Mission
Statement" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
120822005233/http://myhopewithbillygraha
m.org/what-is-my-hope/) . My Hope
America Website. Archived from the original
(http://myhopewithbillygraham.org/what-is-
my-hope/?) on August 22, 2012. Retrieved
November 4, 2013.
100. Staff, JournalNow. "Billy Graham has brain
shunt adjusted" (https://www.journalnow.co
m/news/state_region/billy-graham-has-brain
-shunt-adjusted/article_b1919452-0c66-560
d-8e15-a283bfe48a7a.html) . Winston-
Salem Journal. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
101. Tim Funk, "Lion in Winter: Billy Graham,
Hearing and Sight Failing, Pays a Visit" (htt
p://www.mcclatchydc.com/2010/04/21/926
03/lion-in-winter-billy-graham-hearing.html)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2012
0902121308/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/
2010/04/21/92603/lion-in-winter-billy-graha
m-hearing.html) September 2, 2012, at the
Wayback Machine, Charlotte Observer, April
2010.
102. "A Family at Cross-Purposes" (https://www.w
ashingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/
2006/12/12/AR2006121201338.html) . The
Washington Post. December 13, 2006.
Retrieved August 18, 2007.
103. "Graham's wife in coma, close to death; both
will be buried at library" (http://www.heraldon
line.com/news/local/article12181541.htm
l) . The Herald. June 14, 2007. Retrieved
February 28, 2018.
104. Sarah Pulliam Bailey, Q & A: Billy Graham on
Aging, Regrets, and Evangelicals (https://ww
w.christianitytoday.com/ct/2011/januaryweb
-only/qabillygraham.html) ,
christianitytoday.com, USA, January 21, 2011
105. Bailey, Sarah Pulliam (January 12, 2017).
"How Donald Trump is bringing Billy
Graham's complicated family back into
White House circles" (https://www.washingt
onpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/0
1/12/how-donald-trump-is-bringing-billy-grah
ams-complicated-family-back-into-white-hou
se-circles/) . The Washington Post.
106. "Rev. Billy Graham on his lasting legacy" (htt
ps://www.today.com/news/i-hope-theyll-say-
he-was-faithful-wbna8326362) . Today
Show. June 23, 2005. Retrieved
September 20, 2008.
107. Study Guide: God in America, Episode 5, "The
Soul of America" (https://www.pbs.org/godin
america/study-guide/five.html) PBS
Frontline, October 2010, program available
online
108. "God in America: 'The Soul of a Nation' " (http
s://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/transcripts/h
our-five.html) . PBS. October 11, 2010.
Retrieved October 13, 2012. "Billy Graham
convenes a meeting of American Protestant
ministers in Montreux, Switzerland, for the
purpose of discussing how they could
ensure that John Kennedy would not be
elected in November"
109. Funk, Tim (February 21, 2018). "The
Presidents' preacher: From Truman to
Trump" (http://www.charlotteobserver.com/n
ews/special-reports/billy-graham-life/article
201279814.html) . The Charlotte Observer.
Retrieved February 22, 2018.
110. Mize, Douglas W. (November 2, 2013). "John
F. Kennedy, Billy Graham: irrecoverable
moments in 1963" (http://www.bpnews.net/
41541/john-f-kennedy-billy-graham-irrecover
able-moments-in-1963) . Baptist Press.
Retrieved February 22, 2018.
111. Crosbie, Robert C. (November 18, 2013).
"Billy Graham's Warning to JFK" (https://ww
w.huffingtonpost.com/robert-c-crosby-dmin/
billy-grahams-warning-to-_b_4289423.html) .
HuffPost. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
112. Steinfels, Peter (February 3, 1993).
"America's Pastor: At 74, Billy Graham Begins
to Sum Up, Regrets and All" (http://movies2.
nytimes.com/books/97/07/06/reviews/grah
am-at74.html) . The New York Times.
Retrieved June 4, 2019.
113. Staff (January 27, 2017). "Why Is Abortion
Such a Big Issue For Christians?" (https://bill
ygraham.org/answer/why-is-abortion-such-a
-big-issue-for-christians/) . Billy Graham
Evangelistic Association. Retrieved June 4,
2019.
114. King, Randall E. (March 22, 1997). "When
worlds collide: politics, religion, and media at
the 1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham
Crusade" (https://web.archive.org/web/2011
0517015119/http://www.highbeam.com/do
c/1G1-19592304.html) . Journal of Church
and State. 39 (2): 273–295.
doi:10.1093/jcs/39.2.273 (https://doi.org/1
0.1093%2Fjcs%2F39.2.273) . Archived from
the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/
1G1-19592304.html) on May 17, 2011.
Retrieved August 18, 2007.
115. Merritt, Jonathan (February 21, 2018). "Billy
Graham, the Last Nonpartisan Evangelical?"
(https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/21/opin
ion/billy-graham-nonpartisan-evangelical.ht
ml) . The New York Times.
116. "Pilgrim's Progress" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20080905001010/http://www.newswee
k.com/id/46365/page/4) . Newsweek.
August 14, 2006. p. 4. Archived from the
original (http://www.newsweek.com/id/4636
5/page/4) on September 5, 2008. Retrieved
September 20, 2008.
117. O'Keefe, Ed (October 11, 2012). "Billy Graham
to Mitt Romney: 'I'll do all I can to help you' "
(https://web.archive.org/web/20150528143
046/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/
election-2012/wp/2012/10/11/billy-graham-t
o-mitt-romney-ill-do-all-i-can-to-help-you/?wp
rss=rss_election-2012) . The Washington
Post. Archived from the original (https://ww
w.washingtonpost.com/blogs/election-201
2/wp/2012/10/11/billy-graham-to-mitt-romn
ey-ill-do-all-i-can-to-help-you/?wprss=rss_ele
ction-2012) on May 28, 2015. Retrieved
October 11, 2012.
118. "Billy Graham site removes Mormon 'cult'
reference after Romney meeting" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20170227145553/http://r
eligion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/16/billy-grah
ams-group-removes-mormon-cult-reference-
from-website-after-romney-meeting/comme
nt-page-14/) . CNN. October 16, 2012.
Archived from the original (http://religion.blo
gs.cnn.com/2012/10/16/billy-grahams-grou
p-removes-mormon-cult-reference-from-web
site-after-romney-meeting/comment-page-1
4/) on February 27, 2017. Retrieved
October 17, 2012.
119. "Billy Graham Website Removes Mormon
'Cult' Reference After Romney Meeting" (htt
p://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/16/bil
ly-graham-website-mormon-cult-removed_n_
1971669.html) . HuffPost. October 16, 2012.
Retrieved October 17, 2012.
120. Gordon, Michael (October 24, 2012). "Billy
Graham speaks with his own voice, son
Franklin says" (https://www.journalnow.com/
news/local/billy-graham-speaks-with-his-ow
n-voice-son-franklin-says/article_a7bf875e-c
2c4-5bd4-8dd8-6182ed451bfd.html) .
McClatchy News Service.
121. "My father voted for Trump: Franklin Graham
responds to anti-Trump op-ed" (https://www.
wvlt.tv/content/news/My-father-voted-for-Tr
ump-Franklin-Graham-responds-to-Christianit
y-Todays-anti-Trump-op-ed-566374111.htm
l) . WVLT8. December 20, 2019.
122. "Is Franklin Graham Telling the Truth about
Billy Graham Voting for Trump?" (https://rele
vantmagazine.com/current/is-franklin-graha
m-telling-the-truth-about-billy-graham-voting-
for-trump) . Relevant Magazine. December
23, 2019.
123. Miller, Merle (1974). Plain Speaking: An Oral
Biography of Harry S. Truman. New York:
Putnam. p. 363.
124. Wacker, Grant (April 1, 1992). "Charles Atlas
with a Halo" (https://www.religion-online.org/
article/charles-atlas-with-a-halo-americas-bil
ly-graham/) . The Christian Century.
pp. 336–41.
125. "The President Preacher; In Crisis, White
House Turns to Billy Graham" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20110516184043/http://ww
w.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1044879.html) .
The Washington Post. January 18, 1991.
Archived from the original (http://www.highb
eam.com/doc/1P2-1044879.html) on May
16, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
126. Aikman 2010, pp. 204–205.
127. H. Larry Ingle, Nixon's First Cover-up: The
Religious Life of a Quaker President. pp.
101–04, University of Missouri Press, 2015,
ISBN 978-0-8262-2042-4
128. Aikman 2010, pp. 203–210.
129. "The Essence of Billy Graham; A Warm but
Honest Biography of the Evangelist" (https://
web.archive.org/web/20121023081801/htt
p://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1091805.h
tml) . The Washington Post. October 25,
1991. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1091805.html)
on October 23, 2012. Retrieved August 18,
2007.
130. Elliston, Jon (August 23, 2013). "Billy
Graham 'absolutely crushed' by Richard
Nixon's profanity in White House recordings"
(https://carolinapublicpress.org/16541/billy-
graham-absolutely-crushed-by-richard-nixons
-profanity-in-white-house-recordings/) .
carolinapublicpress.org. Carolina Public
Press. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
131. "Remembering Billy Graham" (https://www.ni
xonfoundation.org/2018/02/remembering-dr
-billy-graham/) . nixonfoundation.org.
Richard Nixon Foundation. February 21,
2018. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
132. "Biography of Evangelist Billy Graham" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20130403170534/
http://christianity.about.com/od/glossary/p/
billygraham.htm) . Christianity.about.com.
Archived from the original (http://christianity.
about.com/od/glossary/p/billygraham.htm)
on April 3, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
133. Baker, Peter (April 25, 2010). "Obama Visits
the Rev. Billy Graham" (http://thecaucus.blog
s.nytimes.com/2010/04/25/obama-visits-th
e-rev-billy-graham/) . The New York Times.
Retrieved April 25, 2010.
134. "Billy Graham Reflects on His Friendship with
Queen Elizabeth II" (https://billygraham.org/s
tory/billy-graham-and-the-queen/) . Billy
Graham Evangelistic Association. Retrieved
January 12, 2018.
135. "The Crown: The Truth Behind Queen
Elizabeth's Real-Life Friendship with
Evangelist Billy Graham" (http://people.com/
royals/queen-elizabeth-real-life-friendship-ev
angelist-billy-graham/) . People. Retrieved
January 12, 2018.
136. Loughrey, Clarisse (February 21, 2018). "Billy
Graham dead: Truth behind Queen Elizabeth
II's friendship with the US evangelical
preacher" (https://www.independent.co.uk/a
rts-entertainment/tv/features/billy-graham-d
ead-queen-elizabeth-ii-friendship-us-evangeli
cal-preacher-the-crown-visit-a8221816.htm
l) . The Independent. Retrieved January 25,
2018.
137. Alexander Cockburn (September 2, 2005).
"The plan to kill a million people" (https://ww
w.tampabay.com/archive/2002/03/18/the-pl
an-to-kill-a-million-people/) . Tampa Bay
Times. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
138. "Dr. Billy Graham trying to avoid offending
Soviets", United Press International story in
Minden Press-Herald, May 10, 1982, p. 1
139. Preacher power: America's God squad (htt
p://news.independent.co.uk/world/america
s/article2553945.ece) Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20070817195823/http://
news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/art
icle2553945.ece) August 17, 2007, at the
Wayback Machine Independent Article,
Preacher power: America's God squad, July
25, 2007;
140. Billy Graham Responds to Lingering Anger
Over 1972 Remarks on Jews (https://www.n
ytimes.com/2002/03/17/us/billy-graham-res
ponds-to-lingering-anger-over-1972-remarks-
on-jews.html) , The New York Times, March
17, 2002
141. "Graham regrets Jewish slur" (http://news.bb
c.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1850077.stm) , BBC,
March 2, 2002.
142. "Graham Apology Not Enough" (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20061018202154/http://ww
w.ujc.org/content_display.html?ArticleID=32
770) , Eric J. Greenberg, United Jewish
Communities.
143. "Pilgrim's Progress, p. 5" (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20100305211344/http://www.ne
wsweek.com/id/46365/page/5) .
Newsweek. August 14, 2006. Archived from
the original (http://www.newsweek.com/id/4
6365/page/5) on March 5, 2010. Retrieved
September 20, 2008.
144. Newton, Christopher (Associated Press
Writer) (March 2, 2002). "Billy Graham
apologizes for anti-Semitic comments in
1972 conversation with Nixon" (http://www.b
eliefnet.com/News/2002/03/Billy-Graham-A
pologizes-For-Anti-Semitic-Comments-In-197
2-Conversation-With-Nixon.aspx) . BeliefNet.
Retrieved April 28, 2012.
145. "Revelation 3:9" (https://www.biblegateway.c
om/passage/?search=Revelation+3:9&versio
n=NIV) . Bible Gateway.
146. Grossman, Cathy Lynn (June 24, 2009). "In
Nixon tapes, Billy Graham refers to
'synagogue of Satan' " (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20090628074206/http://www.usatod
ay.com/news/religion/2009-06-24-graham-ta
pes_N.htm) . USA Today. Archived from the
original (https://www.usatoday.com/news/re
ligion/2009-06-24-graham-tapes_N.htm) on
June 28, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2009.
147. Wirt, Sherwood Eliot (1997). Billy: A Personal
Look at Billy Graham, the World's Best-loved
Evangelist (https://archive.org/details/billyp
ersonalloo00wirt/page/97) . Wheaton,
Illinois: Crossway Books. p. 97 (https://archi
ve.org/details/billypersonalloo00wirt/page/9
7) . ISBN 0-89107-934-3.
148. Cited in Iain Murray, Evangelicalism Divided
(2000), pp. 73–74.
149. Iain Murray, Evangelicalism Divided (2000),
p. 74.
150. Graham, Billy (December 1970). "Jesus and
the Liberated Woman". Ladies' Home
Journal. 87: 40–4.
151. "Billy Graham Enters Women's Lib
Controversy" (https://www.newspapers.co
m/newspage/44885500/) . The Kokomo
Tribune. November 28, 1970. p. 7.
152. "Feminist Chronicles – 1970" (http://www.fe
minist.org/research/chronicles/fc1970.htm
l) . Feminist Majority Foundation. Retrieved
May 19, 2015.
153. Dow, Bonnie J. (2014). Watching Women's
Liberation, 1970: Feminism's Pivotal Year on
the Network News (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=tmtzAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112) .
University of Illinois Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-
0-252-09648-8.
154. Alston, ShaKea (May 24, 2015). "1970:
Feminist Sit in at Ladies Home Journal" (http
s://libcom.org/history/1970-feminist-sit-ladi
es-home-journal) .
155. Marshall, Ellen Ott (2008). "A Matter of Pride,
A Feminist Response" (https://books.google.
com/books?id=pVAeaDLnCJoC&pg=PA79) .
In Long, Michael G. (ed.). The Legacy of Billy
Graham: Critical Reflections on America's
Greatest Evangelist. Westminster John Knox
Press. pp. 79–91. ISBN 978-0-664-23656-4.
156. Martin, William (February 21, 2018). "Divorce,
drugs, drinking: Billy Graham's children and
their absent father" (https://www.washington
post.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2018/02/2
1/divorce-drugs-drinking-billy-grahams-childr
en-and-their-absent-father/) . The
Washington Post. Retrieved February 23,
2018.
157. "About Anne Graham Lotz" (https://www.ann
egrahamlotz.org/about-anne-graham-lotz/ab
out/) . AnGel Ministries. Retrieved
December 19, 2020.
158. AP via Washington Post "Billy Graham's Wife
Ruth Dies at 87" June 15, 2007 (https://www.
washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/articl
e/2007/06/15/AR2007061500196.html)
159. Los Angeles "Ruth Graham, 87; had active
role as wife of evangelist" June 15, 2007 (htt
p://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-m
e-graham15jun15,0,56499.story?page=1&col
l=la-home-center)
160. Sanders, Linley (February 21, 2018). "Internet
Reacts to Obama Tweet About Billy Graham"
(https://www.teenvogue.com/story/internet-
reacts-to-obama-tweet-about-billy-graham) .
Teen Vogue. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
161. Morris, Tim (February 25, 2018). "The
complicated legacy of Billy Graham: Gospel
or politics?" (http://www.nola.com/opinions/
index.ssf/2018/02/billy_graham_gospel_poli
tics.html) . The Times-Picayune. Retrieved
March 2, 2018.
162. Gjelten, Tom (February 21, 2018). " 'America's
Pastor' Billy Graham Dies at 99" (https://ww
w.npr.org/2018/02/21/136224476/americas
-pastor-billy-graham-dies-at-99) . NPR.
Retrieved March 2, 2018.
163. Billy Graham: Influential US evangelist dies
at 99 (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-
canada-43142263) . BBC News, February 21,
2018.
164. "Billy Graham backs N.C. anti-gay marriage
amendment" (https://archive.sltrib.com/artic
le.php?id=54043309&itype=CMSID) . The
Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
165. Siemaszko, Corky (February 21, 2018).
"Franklin Graham followed in his father Billy's
footsteps, but took a right-leaning path" (http
s://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/frankl
in-graham-followed-his-father-billy-s-footstep
s-took-right-n849981) . NBC News. Retrieved
March 2, 2018.
166. "Homosexuality And Religion:An
Introduction" (http://www.religioustolerance.
org/hom_chur1.htm) . Religious
Tolerance.org. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
167. Ed Kilgore, Billy Graham Lived at the
Crossroads of Faith and Power (http://nyma
g.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/02/billy-grah
am-lived-at-the-crossroads-of-faith-and-powe
r.html) , New York, February 21, 2018
168. Billy Graham urges anti-gay vote in N.C. (htt
p://www.wisconsingazette.com/news/billy-g
raham-urges-anti-gay-vote-in-n-c/article_d63f
ec14-f8b6-5e3d-89b5-272ab4f5517b.html) .
Wisconsin Gazette, May 12, 2012.
169. "The Billy pulpit: Graham's career in the
mainline" (http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/
Christianity/2004/07/The-Billy-Pulpit.aspx) .
Christian Century. November 15, 2003. p. 2.
Retrieved August 18, 2007.
170. Friedman, Corey (October 10, 2009). "Former
Belmont Abbey College president dies at 85"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20170228100
442/http://www.gastongazette.com/article
s/belmont-38887-president-abbey.html) .
Gaston Gazette. Archived from the original
(http://www.gastongazette.com/articles/bel
mont-38887-president-abbey.html) on
February 28, 2017. Retrieved December 22,
2010.
171. "Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for
the Presidential Medal of Freedom" (https://
web.archive.org/web/20161222090649/http
s://www.reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archive
s/speeches/1983/22383c.htm) . Archived
from the original (https://www.reaganlibrary.
archives.gov/archives/speeches/1983/2238
3c.htm) on December 22, 2016. Retrieved
December 21, 2016.
172. "Billy and Ruth Graham awarded
Congressional Gold Medal for service" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20071004211356/
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-182528
82.html) . Knight-Ridder News Service. May
2, 1996. Archived from the original (http://w
ww.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18252882.htm
l) on October 4, 2007. Retrieved August 18,
2007.
173. "Inductees Archive: Billy Graham". (http://hof.
doveawards.com/speaker-lineup/billy-graha
m/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20180226232641/http://hof.doveawards.co
m/speaker-lineup/billy-graham/) February
26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine GMA
Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Retrieved March
3, 2018.
174. CNN. "Remembering Billy Graham: A timeline
of the evangelist's life and ministry". (https://
www.abcactionnews.com/news/national/re
membering-billy-graham-a-timeline-of-the-ev
angelists-life-and-ministry) ABC Action
News. February 21, 2018. Retrieved March 3,
2018.
175. "Singing to save". (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=wDskDwAAQBAJ&dq=BILLY+G
RAHAM+GOSPEL+MUSIC+HALL+OF+FAME
&pg=PA75) Billy Graham: American Pilgrim.
2017. Edited by Andrew Finstuen, Grant
Wacker & Anne Blue Wills. Oxford University
Press. pp.75–76. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
176. "Biography" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
110526194544/http://www.michaelwsmith.c
om/bio.html) . Michael W Smith. Archived
from the original (http://www.michaelwsmit
h.com/bio.html) on May 26, 2011.
177. 44th Annual Dove Awards. Up. Event occurs
at 1:39.
178. "Michael W. Smith Leads "Just As I Am"
During Rev. Billy Graham Capitol Service" (htt
p://www.gospelmusic.org/michael-w-smith-l
eads-just-as-i-am-during-rev-billy-graham-cap
itol-service/) . Gospel Music Association.
March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
179. "Billy Graham Honored at US Capitol
Memorial Service; Trump Recalls Dad's Love
for 'America's Pastor' " (https://www.christian
post.com/news/billy-graham-honored-capito
l-memorial-service-trump-dad-love-america-p
astor-219766/) . The Christian Post.
February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
180. "The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20061016075344/
http://www.reaganfoundation.org/programs/
cpa/awards.asp) . Ronald Reagan
Presidential Foundation. Archived from the
original (http://www.reaganfoundation.org/p
rograms/cpa/awards.asp) on October 16,
2006. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
181. Davies, Caroline (December 7, 2001).
"Honorary knighthood for Billy Graham" (http
s://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/n
orthamerica/usa/1364628/Honorary-knighth
ood-for-Billy-Graham.html) . The Daily
Telegraph.
182. "Bill Graham Civic Auditorium" (http://www.ci
ty-data.com/articles/Bill-Graham-Civic-Audit
orium.html) . city-data.com. Retrieved
March 21, 2014.
183. "Ex-Presidents at Graham Library Opening"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20071019002
545/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?i
d=3231108) . ABC News. Archived from the
original (https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireSt
ory?id=3231108) on October 19, 2007.
184. Moring, Mark. "The ultimate Billy Graham
playlist". (http://www.christianitytoday.com/
ct/2018/february-web-only/billy-graham-play
list-lyrics-youtube-just-as-i-am-pat-boone.ht
ml) Christianity Today. February 22, 2018.
Retrieved March 3, 2018.
185. "Thank You Billy Graham: The Inspiration". (h
ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbjERoKi
M20) patbooneus. September 16, 2008.
Retrieved March 3, 2018.
186. "Video tribute to Billy Graham featuring
entertainers who knew Him". (http://metrovoi
cenews.com/video-tribute-billy-graham-featu
ring-entertainers-knew/) Metro Voice and
wire services. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
187. "Thank You Billy Graham". (https://www.yout
ube.com/watch?v=-cZn5grlA4E)
GoldLabelArtists. August 13, 2012. Retrieved
March 3, 2018.
188. "Thank You Billy Graham: The Making of". (ht
tps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hznVG-u3
T20) Billy Dean. March 26, 2013. Retrieved
March 3, 2018.
189. "Thank You Billy Graham (2006)". (https://w
ww.imdb.com/title/tt1471338/?ref_=fn_al_tt
_1) IMDb. The "Full Cast" list is incomplete.
Retrieved March 5, 2018.
190. "Thank you Billy Graham : a musical tribute
to one who changed our world with one
message". (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2
32648275) WorldCat. Retrieved March 5,
2018.
191. "My Hope: Songs Inspired by the Message of
Billy Graham". (https://www.christiancinema.
com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=
4712) Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20180306083228/https://www.christianci
nema.com/catalog/product_info.php?produ
cts_id=4712) March 6, 2018, at the
Wayback Machine Christian Cinema.com.
Retrieved March 5, 2018.
192. "Gospel". (https://books.google.com/books?i
d=xR7MdpuSlAEC&dq=Eddie+Carswell+hero
+of+the+faith&pg=PT583) All Music Guide:
The Definitive Guide to Popular Music. 2001.
Edited by Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra
& Stephen Thomas Erlewine. Hal Leonard
Corp. p. 610. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
ISBN 978-0-87930-627-4.
193. "The Billy Graham Song – "Billy, You're My
Hero". (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
BEtFa0EdzV8) Greg Hitchcock Music.
September 25, 2009. Retrieved March 3,
2018.
194. The Christian Post, Billy Graham Movie
Prepares for Oct 10 Release (http://www.chri
stianpost.com/article/20080729/billy-graha
m-movie-prepares-for-oct-10-release.htm) ,
June 29, 2008.
195. BGEA (http://www.billygraham.org/News_Art
icle.asp?ArticleID=358) Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20080904064456/http://
www.billygraham.org/News_Article.asp?Arti
cleID=358) September 4, 2008, at the
Wayback Machine Billy Graham Evangelistic
Association, A response from Franklin
Graham, August 18, 2008
196. The Christian Post, "Franklin Graham Among
'Billy' Movie Critics" (http://www.christianpos
t.com/article/20080826/franklin-graham-am
ong-billy-movie-critics.htm) , Christian Post,
August 26, 2008
197. Johnston, Thomas P.(2003). "Appendix 4:
Other Awards and Honors". (https://books.g
oogle.com/books?id=XuJKAwAAQBAJ&dq=
The+Salvation+Army%27s+Distinguished+Se
rvice+Medal+billy+graham&pg=PA446)
Examining Billy Graham's Theology of
Evangelism. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp.
445–451. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
ISBN 978-1-59244-162-4.
198. "Profile: William (Billy) F. Graham, Jr". (http
s://billygraham.org/about/biographies/billy-g
raham/#biography) Billy Graham
Evangelistic Association. Retrieved March 2,
2018.
199. Climo, J.; Cattell, M.G. (2002). Social
Memory and History: Anthropological
Perspectives (https://books.google.com/boo
ks?id=7ICFN4iJpgwC&pg=RA1-PA5) .
AltaMira Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7591-0178-
4. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
200. Aikman, D. (2003). Great Souls: Six Who
Changed a Century (https://archive.org/detai
ls/greatsouls00davi) . Lexington Books.
pp. 5 (https://archive.org/details/greatsouls
00davi/page/5) –6. ISBN 978-0-7391-0438-
5. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
201. The American Lutheran (https://books.googl
e.com/books?id=igIoAAAAMAAJ) .
American Lutheran Publicity Bureau. 1963.
p. 23. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
202. "William Franklin Graham, Jr." Encyclopedia
of World Biography, Gale, 1998. Biography in
Context,
203. Wacker 2014, p. 47.
204. "Golden Plate Awardees listed by year". (htt
p://www.achievement.org/our-history/golde
n-plate-awards/all-honorees/) Academy of
Achievement. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
205. Adler, B. (2010). Ask Billy Graham: The
World's Best-Loved Preacher Answers Your
Most Important Questions (https://books.go
ogle.com/books?id=9NKHSpR6brgC&pg=PA
51) . Thomas Nelson. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-
4185-6868-9. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
206. "Brotherhood Award". (http://nyshistoricnew
spapers.org/lccn/np00020004/1971-03-24/
ed-1/seq-3.pdf) Courier-Journal of
Rochester, New York. March 24, 1971.
Retrieved March 1, 2018.
207. Cite Graham (https://books.google.com/boo
ks?id=zigEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20) .
Billboard. February 19, 1972. p. 20. Retrieved
February 22, 2018.
208. "Philip Award". (http://www.naume.org/philip
-award) The National Association of United
Methodist Evangelists. Retrieved March 3,
2018.
209. Grossman, Lawrence. "The organized Jewish
community and evangelical America". (http
s://books.google.com/books?id=5o4P-6Fe9
nIC&dq=American+Jewish+Committee+First
+National+Interreligious+Award%2C+1977&
pg=PA53) Uneasy Allies?: Evangelical and
Jewish Relations. Lexington Books. Edited
by Alan Mittleman, Byron Johnson and
Nancy Isserman. 2007. p. 53. Retrieved
March 3, 2018. ISBN 978-0-7391-1966-2.
210. "Remembering Billy Graham: A timeline of
the evangelist's life and ministry" (https://ww
w.nbc26.com/news/national/remembering-b
illy-graham-a-timeline-of-the-evangelists-life-
and-ministry) . WGBA. February 21, 2018.
Retrieved February 22, 2018.
211. Men of Achievement (https://books.google.c
om/books?id=1DloAAAAMAAJ) . Taylor &
Francis. 1993. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-948875-
75-5. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
212. Bruns, Roger (2004). "A Family Crusade" (htt
ps://books.google.com/books?id=HQvtTF1H
SL8C&pg=PA141) . Billy Graham: A
Biography. Greenwood biographies.
Greenwood Press. pp. 141–2. ISBN 978-0-
313-32718-6.
213. Angier, M.E.; Pond, S.; Angier, D. (2004). 101
Best Ways to Get Ahead (https://books.goog
le.com/books?id=fMkIPkgS-zYC&pg=PA83) .
Success Networks International. p. 83.
ISBN 978-0-9704175-3-4. Retrieved
February 22, 2018.
214. Davies, Caroline. "Honorary knighthood for
Billy Graham". (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/
news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/136462
8/Honorary-knighthood-for-Billy-Graham.htm
l) The Telegraph. December 7, 2001.
Retrieved March 2, 2018.
215. "Northwestern Celebrates Billy Graham
Community Life Commons Grand Opening"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194
014/http://www.unwsp.edu/web/10141/161
1) . University of Northwestern – St. Paul
website (unwsp.edu). Archived from the
original (http://www.unwsp.edu/web/10141/
1611) on January 2, 2014. Retrieved
January 2, 2014.
216. Barry Hankins, American Evangelicals: A
Contemporary History of a Mainstream
Religious Movement, Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers, USA, 2009, p. 41
217. "Obituary – Ruth Bell Graham" (https://ruthbe
llgrahammemorial.org/obituary/) .
ruthbellgrahammemorial.org. Retrieved
February 22, 2018.
218. "Billy Graham: Billy and Ruth" (https://www.ci
tizen-times.com/story/news/local/2018/02/
21/billy-graham-billy-and-ruth/359224002/) .
Asheville Citizen-Times. Retrieved
February 24, 2018.
219. Terry Mattingly, Billy Graham's children say
their goodbyes (https://www.knoxnews.co
m/story/entertainment/columnists/terry-ma
ttingly/2018/03/10/billy-grahams-children-s
ay-their-goodbyes/408787002/) ,
knoxnews.com, USA, March 10, 2018
220. "East Gates International" (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20090228052237/http://www.ea
stgates.org/awordfrombg.html) .
Eastgates.org. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.eastgates.org/awordfrombg.html)
on February 28, 2009. Retrieved May 12,
2011.
221. "World-Renowned TV Evangelist The Rev.
Billy Graham Dead at 99" (http://newyork.cbs
local.com/2018/02/21/billy-graham-dies/) .
CBS. February 21, 2018. Retrieved March 3,
2018.
222. Bobby Ross Jr., Billy Graham never lived in
Texas but belonged to a Dallas church for 54
years (https://religionnews.com/2018/02/2
1/billy-graham-never-lived-in-texas-but-belon
ged-to-a-dallas-church-for-54-years/) ,
religionnews.com, USA, February 21, 2018
223. "The Rev. Billy Graham, prominent Christian
evangelist, dead at 99" (http://www.foxnews.
com/us/2018/02/21/rev-billy-graham-promi
nent-christian-evangelist-dead-at-99-fox-new
s-confirms.html) . Fox News Channel.
February 21, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
224. "Evangelist Billy Graham dies at age 99;
reached millions" (https://apnews.com/ea6f
9efdc7544a6dab337690c5849bfc) .
Associated Press. Retrieved February 21,
2018.
225. Special Event – Honoring Rev. Billy Graham
(https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/event-calen
dar/special-event-honoring-rev-billy-graham?
2018-02-28) Archived (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20180301044542/https://www.visitt
hecapitol.gov/event-calendar/special-event-
honoring-rev-billy-graham?2018-02-28)
March 1, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, U.S.
Capitol Visitor Center, February 28, 2018
226. Cochrane, Emily (February 22, 2018). "Billy
Graham to Lie in Honor at the U.S. Capitol" (h
ttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/22/us/pol
itics/billy-graham-capitol-rotunda.html) . The
New York Times. Retrieved February 26,
2018.
227. "Fallen evangelist Jim Bakker and wife pay
their respects to Billy Graham in Charlotte" (h
ttp://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/spec
ial-reports/billy-graham-life/article20247022
4.html) . Retrieved February 27, 2018.
228. "Fallen PTL pastor Jim Bakker recalls prison
visit from Rev. Billy Graham" (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20180306023215/http://m.wb
tv.com/story/37607004/fallen-ptl-pastor-jim-
bakker-recalls-prison-visit-from-rev-billy-grah
am) . WBTV. Archived from the original (htt
p://m.wbtv.com/story/37607004/fallen-ptl-p
astor-jim-bakker-recalls-prison-visit-from-rev-
billy-graham) on March 6, 2018. Retrieved
February 27, 2018.
229. "Memorial Events" (https://memorial.billygra
ham.org/memorial-events/) . Billy Graham
Memorial. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
230. "Billy Graham's coffin was built by a prison
inmate named 'Grasshopper.' Here's why" (htt
p://www.kansascity.com/news/nation-worl
d/article202566329.html) . Kansas City Star.
Retrieved March 2, 2018.
231. "Here's what is special about Billy Graham's
casket" (http://www.charlotteobserver.com/
news/local/article202297304.html) .
Retrieved March 2, 2018.
232. "Book of Common Prayer 2019" (http://bcp2
019.anglicanchurch.net/wp-content/upload
s/2019/08/BCP2019.pdf) (PDF). p. 694.
Retrieved April 10, 2021.
233. Thomas P. Johnston, Examining Billy
Graham's Theology of Evangelism, Wipf and
Stock Publishers, USA, 2003, p. 445-446
234. "Paul Sparks" (https://www.imdb.com/nam
e/nm0817027/) . IMDb. Retrieved
December 31, 2017.
235. Benson, Robby (October 10, 2008), Billy: The
Early Years (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1
213672/) , J. Thomas Bailey, Dan Beene,
Cliff Bemis, retrieved December 31, 2017
236. "My Answer: From the writings of the Rev.
Billy Graham" (https://tribunecontentagency.
com/premium-content/advice/my-answe
r/) . Tribune Content Agency. Retrieved
May 4, 2017.
237. Graham, Billy. Just As I Am. New York:
HarperCollins Worldwide, 1997. Copyright
1997 by the Billy Graham Evangelist
Association.
238. Banks, Adelle M. "Billy Graham book 'The
Reason for My Hope: Salvation,' talks sin,
selfishness, and 'trendy religion'" (https://ww
w.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/06/billy-grah
am-book-the-reason-for-my-hope-salvation_n
_4025835.html) HuffPost. October 6, 2013.
Retrieved March 5, 2018.
239. Zaimov, Stoyan. "Billy Graham coming out
with new book on 'Heaven, Eternity and Our
Life Beyond'. (https://www.christianpost.co
m/news/billy-graham-coming-out-with-new-b
ook-on-heaven-eternity-and-our-life-beyond-1
44122/) The Christian Post. August 31,
2015. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
Literature

Aikman, David (2007). Billy Graham: His

Life and Influence. Nashville: Thomas
Nelson. ASIN B008JM5FE2 (https://www.
amazon.com/dp/B008JM5FE2) . short
biography
Aikman, David (2010). "Lyndon B.
Johnson". Billy Graham: His Life and
Influence. Thomas Nelson. ISBN 978-
1-4185-8432-0. 2010 edition
Long, Michael G., ed. (2008). The Legacy
of Billy Graham: Critical Reflections on
America's Greatest Evangelist.
ASIN B002LE87N0 (https://www.amazon.
com/dp/B002LE87N0) . scholarly essays
Miller, Steven P. (2009). Billy Graham and
the Rise of the Republican South (https://a
rchive.org/details/billygrahamriseo0000
mill) . University of Pennsylvania Press.
ISBN 978-0-8122-4151-8.
Schier, H. Edward (2013). "Civil Rights
Movement" (https://books.google.com/b
ooks?id=BZqYAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA404) .
The Battle of the Three Wills: As It Relates
to Good & Evil (https://archive.org/detail
s/isbn_9781481758765) . Author House.
ISBN 978-1-4817-5876-5.
Further reading

Allison, Lon (2018) [2018]. Billy Graham:

An Ordinary Man and His Extraordinary
God. Paraclete Press. ISBN 978-1-64060-
087-4.
Bruns, Roger (2004). Billy Graham: A
Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group.
ISBN 978-0-3133-2718-6.
Finstuen, Andrew, et al., eds. Billy Graham:
American Pilgrim (Oxford UP, 2017) 326
pp. essays by scholars
Himes, A. (2011). Sword of the Lord: the
roots of fundamentalism in an American
family (http://www.worldcat.org/title/)
Seattle: Chiara Press.
Hummel, Daniel G. (2023). The Rise and
Fall of Dispensationalism: How the
Evangelical Battle over the End Times
Shaped a Nation. Grand Rapids, MI:
Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-802-87922-6.
King, Randall E. (1997). "When Worlds
Collide: Politics, Religion, and Media at
the 1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham
Crusade". Journal of Church and State. 39
(2): 273–95. doi:10.1093/jcs/39.2.273 (h
ttps://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjcs%2F39.2.27
3) .
Laurie, Greg (2021). Billy Graham The Man
I Knew (https://books.google.com/book
s?id=zbsyEAAAQBAJ&dq=billy+graham+
preached+western+springs+baptist+chur
ch&pg=PA115) . Salem Books. pp. 115–
117. ISBN 978-1-68451-059-7.
Martin, William (2007). A Prophet with
Honor: The Billy Graham Story. Grand
Rapids: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-
24198-0. scholarly biography, updated
from 1991 edition published by William
Morrow.
Martin, William (2013). Prophet with
Honor: The Billy Graham Story. Grand
Rapids: Zonderkidz. ASIN B004HOV0CW
(https://www.amazon.com/dp/B004HOV
0CW) . Middle-school version.
Pollock, John (1979). Billy Graham:
Evangelist to the World (https://archive.or
g/details/billygrahamevang00poll) .
Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-066691-9.
Sherwood, Timothy H. (2013). The
Rhetorical Leadership of Fulton J. Sheen,
Norman Vincent Peale, and Billy Graham in
the Age of Extremes. Lexington Books.
pp. 1–158. ASIN B00E1CYKCC (https://w
ww.amazon.com/dp/B00E1CYKCC) .
Strober, Deborah Hart; Strober, Gerald S.
(2006). Billy Graham: A Narrative and Oral
Biography (https://archive.org/details/bill
ygrahamorala00stro) . Jossey-Bass.
ISBN 978-0-78-79-8401-4.
Wacker, Grant (2009). "Billy Graham's
America". Church History. 78 (3): 489–
511. doi:10.1017/S0009640709990400
(https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS000964070
9990400) . S2CID 162380291 (https://ap
i.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1623802
91) .
Wacker, Grant (2014) [2006]. America's
Pastor: Billy Graham and the Shaping of a
Nation. Harvard University Press.
ISBN 978-0-674-05218-5.
 Whalin, Terry (2014). Billy Graham A
Biography of America's Greatest
Evangelist (https://books.google.com/bo
oks?id=zsaeBAAAQBAJ) . Morgan
James Publishing. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-
1-63047-231-3.

External links

Official website (https:// Wikime

dia
billygraham.org)
Commo
Billy Graham Papers (htt ns has
media
ps://archon.wheaton.ed related
u/?p=collections/control to Billy
Graham.
card&id=1277) , Billy
Graham Center Archives, Wheaton
College.
1957 event in Times Square (http://www
2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/exhibits/NY
C57/16sample88.htm) Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20131105075907/
http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/
exhibits/NYC57/16sample88.htm)
November 5, 2013, at the Wayback
Machine, streaming video clip
Monroe Billington, Oral History Interview
with Billy Graham (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20000818173056/http://www.lbjli
b.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oral
history.hom/Graham-B/GrahamB.asp) ,
October 12, 1983, transcript, Lyndon
Baines Johnson Library
Billy Graham (https://www.ted.com/spea
kers/billy_graham) at TED
Appearances (https://www.c-span.org/pe
rson/?2496) on C-SPAN
The New York Times obituary (https://ww
w.nytimes.com/2018/02/21/obituaries/b
illy-graham-dead.html)
Reuters obituary (https://www.reuters.co
m/article/us-people-billy-graham/billy-gra
ham-preacher-to-millions-adviser-to-u-s-p
residents-dies-at-99-idUSKCN1G51O9)

Portals: Evangelical Christianity

Biography
United States
Billy Graham at Wikipedia's sister projects: Media from
Commons
Quotations
from
Wikiquote
Data from
Wikidata

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Billy_Graham&oldid=1218208658"

This page was last edited on 10 April 2024, at

11:39 (UTC). •
Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless
otherwise noted.