11

Statistics and Probability

Activity Sheets
Quarter 4 – MELC 7
Drawing Conclusion About the
Population Mean Based on the Test-
Statistic Value and the Rejection
Region

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Activity Sheet No. 7
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Statistics and Probability Activity Sheet

Writer: Juliet B. Calinao

Illustrator: Juliet B. Calinao

Layout Artists: Juliet B. Calinao and Rutchel J. Ngipen

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Jezereel Grace G. Tiron
Bernie P. Alcedo
Division of Iloilo City Management Team:
Ma. Luz M. De los Reyes, PhD, CESO V, SDS
Lilibeth T. Estoque, EdD, CESO VI, ASDS
Arlo L. Villalva, CID Chief
Jerry M. Lego, EdD, SGOD Chief
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Regional Management Team
Ramir B. Uytico, EdD, CESO IV
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr., PhD, CESO V
Elena P. Gonzaga, EdD
Donald T. Genine,
Adonis A. Mosquera

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Introductory Message
Welcome to Statistics and Probability for Senior High School!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Iloilo City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School will help you
facilitate the teaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and
learner. This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School is developed to help
you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides
you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an
active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the
activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the
agreed schedule.

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 Quarter 4, Week 4

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 7

Name of Learner: ___________________ Grade and Section: _________________

Date: _____________________________

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY SHEET

Drawing Conclusion About the Population Mean Based on the
Test-Statistic Value and the Rejection Region

I. Learning Competency with Code

Draws conclusion about the population mean based on the test-statistic value
and the rejection region. (M11/12SP-IVd-2)

II. Background Information for Learners

The last step in the process of Hypothesis Testing is drawing conclusion. A
conclusion is a decision or somehow a judgement that we arrived at through
reasoning. In Hypothesis Testing, we draw conclusion regarding the population
parameter (in this case the population mean) using the information gathered.
To arrive at a correct conclusion, we need to have an idea of the null and
alternative hypothesis. We will also consider the critical values and the
appropriate rejection region for that particular situation which was discussed in
the previous topic. The test-statistic value is also utilized. We have to compare
the critical values in the rejection region to the computed test-statistic value.
If the test-statistic value that you computed falls in the rejection region, we
need to reject the null hypothesis, and in that process, we do not reject (accept)
the alternative hypothesis. In this case, there is enough evidence to reject the
null hypothesis.
If the test-statistic value that you computed falls in the acceptance region,
we do not reject (accept) the null hypothesis. The evidence is not enough to
reject the null hypothesis.
The following table may help you in drawing conclusion: Let 𝑐𝑣 be the critical
value and 𝑧 and 𝑡 the corresponding computed test-statistic value.

Test Statistic Decision

z-test Reject Ho if 𝑧 ≤ −𝑐𝑣 or 𝑧 ≥ 𝑐𝑣
Do not Reject Ho if 𝑧 > −𝑐𝑣 or 𝑧 < 𝑐𝑣
t-test Reject Ho if 𝑡 ≤ −𝑐𝑣 or 𝑡 ≥ 𝑐𝑣
Do not Reject Ho if 𝑡 > −𝑐𝑣 or 𝑡 < 𝑐𝑣

Examples: Analyze the situations below and draw the appropriate conclusion.

1. A labor union president claims that the mean age of the employees in a
certain company is 38 with a standard deviation of 6. A random sample of 30
employees from the same company has a mean age of 36 and standard
deviation of 5. Test at 5% significance level that the mean age of the employees
is not 38.
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Solution:
The test-statistic to be used is the z-test.
Based on the previous lessons, the rejection
region is:
𝑧𝛼/2 = 𝑧0.025 = 1.96
−𝑧𝛼/2 = −𝑧0.025 = −1.96
𝒛 < −𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 or 𝒛 > 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔

The test-statistic value is 𝒛 = −𝟏.83

Decision: Since −1.83 > −1.96, we do not reject (accept) the null hypothesis
and reject the alternative hypothesis.
Conclusion: The mean age of the employees in a certain company is 38.

2. A teacher wants to find out if his teaching strategy is effective. A sample of

25 students took a 100-point examination and the average is 80 with a standard
deviation of 7. Test at 10% significance level that the average of the students
is greater than 75 which is the standard passing score.

Solution:
The test-statistic to be used is the t-test.
Based on the previous lessons, the rejection
region is:
𝒕𝜶 = 𝒕𝟎.𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝒕 > 𝟏. 𝟑𝟏𝟖

The test-statistic value is 𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟕.

Decision: Since 3.57 > 1.318, we reject the null hypothesis and do not reject
(accept) the alternative hypothesis.
Conclusion: The average of the students of who took the examination is
greater than 75. The teaching strategy that the teacher employed is
effective.

3. The Health Department reports that the systolic blood pressure for ages 18-
30 years has a mean of 125. In a study of health workers, a sample of 200
workers has a systolic blood pressure average of 120 with a standard deviation
of 4. Do the data suggest that the average systolic blood pressure is lower than
125 at 1% significance level?

Solution:
The test-statistic to be used is the z-test.
Based on the previous lessons, the rejection
region is:
−𝑧𝛼 = −𝑧0.01 = −2.33 𝒛 < −𝟐. 𝟑𝟑

The test-statistic value is 𝒛 = −𝟏𝟕. 𝟔𝟖.

Decision: Since −17.68 < −2.33, we reject the null hypothesis and do not
reject (accept) the alternative hypothesis.
Conclusion: The average systolic blood pressure of the health workers is
lower than 125.
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III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites
De Guzman, D. (2017). Statistics and Probability. C & E Publishing Inc.,
Quezon City.
Belecina, R. R. et.al. (2016). Statistics and Probability. First Edition. Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Laput, F. D. & Aguilar, K. J. L. (2020). Statistics and Probability. Quarter 4 –
Module 1: Test of Hypothesis. Alternative Delivery Mode. Department of
Education.

IV. Activity Proper

General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity Sheet
(LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. All answers must be
written in a separate sheet of paper. Read each problem carefully and answer
it systematically. If a solution is required, encircle your final answer.

Exercise I. Write True if the statement is correct and False if not.

_________1. We reject the null hypothesis if the computed test-statistic value

falls in the rejection region.
_________ 2. In hypothesis testing concerning the population mean, we make
a conclusion about the population standard deviation.
_________ 3. The conclusion should always favor the null hypothesis.
_________ 4. The computed test-statistic value is compared with the critical
value in the rejection region in determining whether to reject or
not to reject the null hypothesis.
_________ 5. If the computed test-statistic falls in the acceptance region, the
alternative hypothesis is accepted.

Exercise II: Analyze the situations below and draw the appropriate conclusion.

1. A pharmaceutical company says that the efficacy rate of their medicine is

90% and the standard deviation is 2%. A sample of 500 volunteers from a city
reveals that the efficacy rate is 88% with a standard deviation of 3%. At 1%
significance level, check the veracity of the statement of the company.

2. The average income of a customer service representative is P 23,000. A

survey was conducted among 25 customer service representatives in the city
and the mean is 24,000 and the standard deviation is P 5,000. Is there a
significant difference between the population mean and sample mean at 5%
significance level?

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 3. A laboratory is conducting a quality control on the amount of active
ingredient in a drug. A single dosage of the drug should contain 12 mg of the
active ingredient. Thirty random dosages of the drug revealed that the average
amount of the active ingredient is 12.1 mg, and the standard deviation is 0.5
mg. Is there enough evidence with 99% confidence level that the average
amount of the active ingredient is greater than 12 mg?

4. A remittance center claims that the average transaction cost of sending

money through their remittance center is 3% of the amount. A sample of 20
clients revealed that the mean transaction cost is 3.4% and the standard
deviation is 0.5%. Test at 10% significance level whether the transaction fee is
higher than the claim of the remittance center.

5. According to a guidance counselor, an average student spent less than 7

hours each day for school works. A sample of 100 students in a certain school
reveals that the mean hours spent of the students is 6.5 hours with a standard
deviation of 0.8. Determine whether the claim of the guidance counselor is
correct against the population mean of 7 hours with 95% confidence level.

V. Reflection

Do you make sure that your evidence is enough and valid before arriving at
a conclusion? Where do you usually based your response whenever you
make a decision or come up with a conclusion?
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Exercise I
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False
Exercise II
1. Reject Ho. The efficacy rate of the medicine of a certain company is not 90%.
2. Do not reject Ho. The average income of a customer service representative
is P 23,000. There is no significant difference between the population and
sample mean.
3. Do not reject Ho. The average amount of the active ingredient is 12 mg.
4. Reject Ho. The average transaction cost of sending money through the
remittance center is higher than 3% of the amount.
5. Reject Ho. An average student spent less than 7 hours each day for school
works.
Answer Key: