SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

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6. Social Credit System – a system of

INTRODUCTION scoring citizens through their actions by
placing them under constant
- Science comes from the Latin word surveillance
scientia, meaning “knowledge”. 7. Google Clips - a hands-free camera
- It refers to a systematic and methodical that lets users capture every moment
activity of building and organizing effortlessly
knowledge about how the universe 8. Sentencing Software – a mysterious
behaves through observation, algorithm designed to aid courts in
experimentation, or both. sentencing decisions
o John Heilbron (2003, p. vii), 9. Friendbot – an app that stores the
“Modern science is a discovery deceased’s digital footprint so one can
as well as an invention” still ‘chat’ with them
- Technology, for its part, is the 10. Citizen App – an app that notifies users
application of scientific knowledge, laws, of ongoing crimes or major events in a
and principles to produce services, specific area.
materials, tools, and machines aimed at
solving real-world problems. Historical Antecedents of Science and
- It comes from the Greek word “techne”, Technology
meaning ‘art, skill, or cunning of - Antecedent is defined as a precursor to
hand’. the unfolding or existence of something.
- According to Mark Zuckerberg a
technological tool ‘is something that ANCIENT PERIOD
takes a human’s sense or ability and Ancient wheel
augments it and makes it more powerful. - grew out of a mechanical device called
- Wolpert (2005) states that scientific potter’s wheel - a heavy flat disk made
knowledge has no moral or ethical value. of hardened clay that was spun
- science is not the same as technology horizontally on an axis.
- Carl Sagan “We live in a society - Summerians invented the potter’s
absolutely dependent on science and wheel shortly after 3500BC
technology and yet have clearly
arranged things so that almost no one Paper
understands science and technology. - ancient Egyptians began writing on
That’s a clear prescription for disaster” papyrus, a material similar to thick
paper. Papyrus is made from the pith of
10 EMERGING ETHICAL DILLEMAS AND the papyrus plant cyperus papyrus.
POLICY ISSUES
Shadoof
1. Helix – a digital app store designed to - an early tool invented and used by
read genomes ancient Egyptians to irrigate land.
2. BlessU-2 and Pepper – first robot priest - Is a hand-operated device used for lifting
and monk water
3. Emotion-Sensing Facial Recognition
– assesses your reaction to anything Antikythera mechanism
such as shopping and playing games - similar to a mantel clock and was used
4. Ransomware – a way of holding data to predict astronomical positions and
hostage through hacking and requiring a eclipses for calendar and astrological
ransom to be paid purposes.
5. Textalyzer – a devices that analyzes
whether a driver was using his or her Aeolipile
phone during an accident
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- also known as Hero’s engine is widely the presence of craters and mountains
believed to be the ancient precursor of on the moon.
the steam engine.
Jacquard Loom
MIDDLE AGES - Was considered one of the most critical
Heavy Plough drivers of the revolution
- harnessing clay soil. “The heavy plough - Built by French weaver Joseph Marie
turned European agriculture and Jacquard, the jacquard loom simplifies
economy on its head. Suddenly, the textile manufacturing
fields with the heavy, fatty, and moist
clay soils became those that gave the Engine-Powered Airplane
greatest yield” - Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright are
credited for designing and successfully
Gunpowder operating the first engine-powered
- Chinese called it huoyao, roughly aircraft
translated as “fire potion”. The - Orville and Wilbur proved that aircrafts
gunpowder has prompted foundation for could fly without airfoil-shaped wings
the functionality of almost every new
weapon used in war since its invention. Television
- Invented by the Scottish engineer John
Paper Money Logie Baird
- Basta - Baird successfully 1924, recognizable
human faces in 1925, and moving
Mechanical Clock objects in 1926, and projected colored
- clockwork technology developed until images in 1928.
Middle Ages. It drastically changed the
way days were spent and work patterns INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
were established. Electronic Jeepney (e-jeepney)
- The inventive response to criticisms to
Spinning wheel the traditional jeepney that belched
- a machine used for transforming fiber smoke, directly causing air pollution
into thread or yarn and eventually into which made it unsustainable and
cloth on a loom. uneconomical.
- Designed to be environment friendly,
MODERN AGES eliminating noise and air pollution as
Compound Microscope they run on electricity. They are also
- Zacharias Janssen is credited for the more economical for electricity is far
invention of first compound microscope cheaper than ordinary diesel, allowing
in 1590. jeepney drivers to earn more money.
- It was capable of magnifying objects
three times their size when fully closed Erythromycin
and up to ten times when extended to - The Ilonggo scientist Abelardo Aguilar
the maximum invented this antibiotic out of a strain of
Telescope bacterium called Streptomyces
- Invented by Galileo Galilei this erythreus.
invention could magnify objects 20 times - However, Aguilar was not credited for
larger than the Dutch perspective this discovery by Elli Lilli Co., Aguilar’s
glasses US employer, to whom he sent the strain
- Galileo who first used the telescope for separation.
skyward and made important Medical Incubator
astronomical discoveries, and identified
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- World-renowned Filipino pediatrician

formalized his model in the publication
and national scientist, Fe del Mundo, is
of his treatise, De Revolutionibus
credited for the invention of the incubator
Orbium Coelestium (The Revolution
and jaundice relieving device.
of Celestial Spheres) in 1543.
- It addressed the state of the Philippine
- Ptolemaic Model – the Earth was the
rural communities that had no electricity
center of the Solar System
to aid the regulation of body
- The contribution of the Copernican
temperatures of newborn babies
Revolution is far-reaching. It served
Mole Remover
as the catalyst to sway scientific
- Has the ability to easily remove skin
thinking away from age—long views
moles and warts on the skin without the
about the position of the Earth relative
need for any surgical procedure shot to
to an enlightened understanding of
fame
the universe.
- Rolando dela Cruz is credited for the
invention of a local mole remover that
Darwinian Revolution
made use of extracts of cashew nuts
- Charles Darwin is credited for stirring
(Annacardium occidentale).
another important intellectual
revolution in the mid-19thcentury.
Banana Ketchup
- His treatise on the science of
- Maria Orosa, is credited for the
evolution, On the Origin of Species,
invention of banana ketchup, a variety of
was published in 1859 and began a
ketchup different from the commonly
revolution that brought humanity to a
known tomato ketchup.
new era of intellectual discovery.
- Orosa invented the banana ketchup at
- Darwin gathered evidence pointing to
the backdrop of WWII when there was a
what is now known as natural
huge shortage of tomatoes.
selection, an evolutionary process by
which organisms, including humans,
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND inherit, develop, and adapt traits that
SCOIETY favored survival and reproduction.
- Through the Darwinian Revolution,
Intellectual revolutions refer to the series of the development of organisms and
events that led to the emergence of modern the origin of unique forms of life and
science and the progress of scientific thinking humanity could be rationalized by
across critical periods in history. lawful system or an orderly process of
In the words of French astronomer, change underpinned by laws of
mathematician, and freemason, Jean Sylvain nature.
Bailley (1967 in Cohen, 1976), these scientific
revolutions involved a two-stage process of Freudian Revolution
sweeping away the old and establishing the - Australian neurologist, Sigmund
new. Freud, is credited for stirring a 20th-
century intellectual revolution named
Copernican Revolution after him
- Refers to the 16th century paradigm - Psychoanalysis as a school of thought
shift named after the Polish in psychology is at the of this
mathematician and astronomer, revolution.
Nicolaus Copernicus. - Psychoanalysis – a scientific method
- Copernicus formulated the of understanding inner and
heliocentric model of the universe. unconscious conflicts embedded
He introduced this model in a 40-page within one’s personality, springing
outline entitled Commentariolus. He
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from free associations, dreams, and

fantasies of the individual.
- Psychoanalytic concepts of
psychosexual development, libido,
and ego were met with both support
and resistance from many scholars
- Freud suggests that humans are
inherently pleasure-seeking
individuals.