UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL & BIOENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY REPORT
SUBMISSION FORM

To: Mr. Muhammad Sharir bin Abdul Rahman Code Subject: CFP00304
From: NOOR LIYANA BINTI AHMAD FUAD Student ID. No.: 55050322008

Title of Experiment: EXPERIMENT 1 Structure of cells under the microscope

Note: Submission is after 1 week. Late submission will be penalized.

*To be filled by the marker*
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CRITERIA POOR GOOD
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1.0 INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES
1. State the background to the experiment
3 6 9 12 15
conducted.
2. State the objectives of the experiment
2.0 PROCEDURE
1. Summarize step by step used in performing this 3 6 9 12 15
experiment.
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
1. Data are presented as deemed suitable with
complete label and units in tables and/or graphs.
2. Explanations of the referred tables and/or graphs 9 18 27 36 45
are presented after it.
3. Discuss on the findings and relations to the
theory and objective of experiment.
4.0 CONCLUSIONS
1. Summary of the results to relate the findings or 3 6 9 12 15
results with the theory applicable to the experiment.
5.0 FORMAT AND LANGUAGE 2 4 6 8 10
TOTAL
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1.0 Learning Outcomes

At the end of this experiments, students are expected:

 To know how to use basic compound microscope.
 To understand the differences of plant cells and animal cells

2.0 Introduction

A microscope is an instrument used to observe small objects, even cells. The image of the object is magnified by at
least one lens of the microscope. This lens directs light into the eye, making objects appear larger than they actually
are. The function of a microscope is to resolve or identify details that our eyes alone cannot perceive. This can only
be done if there is sufficient visibility or contrast to account for the magnitude of the image difference between the
image features and its background.

A microscope is an instrument used to observe small objects, even cells. The image of the object is magnified by at
least one lens of the microscope. This lens directs light into the eye, making objects appear larger than they actually
are. The function of a microscope is to resolve or identify details that our eyes alone cannot perceive. This can only
be done if there is sufficient visibility or contrast to account for the magnitude of the image difference between the
image features and its background.

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells found in green plants and photosynthetic eukaryotes of the plant kingdom. The cell
(plasma) membrane surrounds cytoplasmic contents such as the nucleus, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, lysosomes,
ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, centrosome and endoplasmic reticulum. Typical structures of animal
cells include organelles, cytoplasmic structures, cytosol, and cell membrane. Both plant and animal cells contain a
nucleus along with similar organelles. One of the characteristics of plant cells is the presence of a cell wall outside
the cell membrane.

3.0 Safety Precautious

 Precautions on handling glass slip and cover.

 Minimize all the chemicals exposure

4.0 Materials and Method

Materials
Staining agents: Iodine, methylene blue
Onion
Toothpick
Glass slides with fixed specimens (commercial)

Glassware
Glass slide
Cover slide

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Method:
Activity 1; Observation of live plant cell

1. Take an inner part of the onion and using the tweezers, carefully peel off a thin section of the onion’s inner
skin.
2. Place the section of skin on a microscope slide. Make sure the section lies flat and is not wrinkled or curled
up. Use the eyedropper to place a drop of water on the skin, and cover it with a cover slip.
3. Next, place a drop of iodine stain near the edge of the cover slip. This will stain the cells of the onion,
making it easier to observe their organelles.

4. Place the slide under the microscope and observe the onion cells. Always begin at microscope’s lowest
power. Once you have located some cells, carefully increase the power of the microscope.
5. Draw a rough sketch of what you see. Using the format below, list all of the cell’s organelles that you can
see.

Activity 2; Observation of live animal cell

1. Carefully take a clean toothpick and rub it along the inside of your check.

2. Then put a drop of methylene blue near the center of a clean microscope. Rub the toothpick in the
methylene blue to mix in the check cells.

3. Gently cover the mixture with the cover slip.

4. Place the slide under the microscope and observe the check cells. Always begin at microscope’s lowest
power. Once you have located some cells, carefully increase the power of the microscope.

5. Draw a rough sketch of what you see in the box below and list all of the cell’s organelles that you can see.

Activity 3 – Observation of bacteria cells and other organisms

1. Observe the cells (bacteria and others eukaryotic or prokaryotic organism) on the specimen prepared.
2. Draw a rough sketch of what you see in the box below and list all of the cell’s organelles that you can see.

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Results and Discussion

1) Describe your observations in table below

Cell type: __Plant cells______

Rough sketch Observed cell parts

Cell type: __Animal cells______

Rough sketch Observed cell parts

Plasma Membrane

Nucleus

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 Cell type: ________

Rough sketch Observed cell parts

2) Briefly describe the differences between the plant cells and the animal cells based on your microscopic
observation.

3) Describe the main differences between an animal cell and a bacteria cell based on your microscopic
observation.

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 4) Suggest other microscopes that can be used to study really small microorganisms like virus.

Electron microscope

Conclusions

Write the conclusion of this experiment in the column provided.