Mathematics 10

Fourth Quarter – Week 2b

Lesson: Measures of Position for Grouped Data

MELC: Calculates a specified measure of position (e.g. 90th percentile) of a set of data
(M10SP-IVb-1, Week 2)

Key Concepts

1. Quartiles for grouped data

The quartiles are the score points which divide a distribution into four
equal parts.
The steps in computing the median are similar to that of Q 1 and Q3.
In finding the median, determine the median class. In the same manner,
Q1 and Q3 class must be determined first before computing the value of Q1
𝑁
and Q3. The Q1 class is the class interval where the ( )th score is
4
3𝑁
contained, while the class interval that contains the ( 4 )th score is the Q3
class.
 Formula:

𝒌𝑵
− 𝒄𝒇𝒃
Qk = LB +ቆ 𝟒 𝒇 ቇi
𝑸𝒌

where:
LB = lower boundary of the Qk class
N = total frequency
𝒄𝒇𝒃 = cumulative frequency of the class before the
Qk class
𝒇𝑸𝒌 = frequency of Qk class
i = size of class interval
k = nth quantile, where n=1, 2 and 3

Calculate the Q1, Q2, and Q3 of the Mathematics test

scores of 50 students.

Scores Frequency
46 – 50 4
41 – 45 8
36 – 40 11
31 – 35 9
26 – 30 12
21 – 25 6

1
The lower class It is obtained by adding
boundary is found by successively the frequencies
subtracting 0.5 units from starting from the frequency of
the lower class limit. the lowest interval.

The lower class limit of a class is the smallest data value

that can go into the class. (data on the left)
The upper class limit of a class is the largest data value that
can go into the class. (data on the right)
The class interval (i) is the difference of upper limit and lower
limit plus one. For instance, (25 – 21) + 1 = 4+ 1 = 5.

Q1 class

𝑁 50
This means we need to find the class
Q1 class = = = 12.5 interval where the 12.5th score is
4 4
contained.
LB = 25.5
Note that the 7th -18th scores belong to
N = 50
the class interval: 26 – 30.
𝒄𝒇𝒃 = 6
So, the 12.5th score is also within the
𝒇𝑸𝟏 = 12 class interval.
i =5 The Q1 class is class interval 26 – 30.
𝑘𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
Q1 = LB +ቆ 4 𝑓 ቇi
𝑄1
Therefore, 25% of the students have
12.5 −6 a score less than or equal to 28.21.
Q1 = 25.5 +( )5
12

Q1 = 28.21

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 Q2 class

This means we need to find the class 2𝑁 (2)50 100

interval where the 25th score is Q2 class = = = = 25
4 4 4
contained.

LB = 30.5
Note that the 19th -27th scores belong to
the class interval: 31 -35. N = 50
So, the 25th score is also within the class 𝒄𝒇𝒃 = 18
interval.
𝒇𝑸𝟐 = 9
The Q2 class is class interval 31 – 35.
i =5

𝟐𝑵
− 𝒄𝒇𝒃
Q2 = LB +ቆ 𝟒 𝒇 ቇi
𝑸𝟐
Therefore, 50% of the students have a
score less than or equal to 34.39. Q2 = 30.5 +(
25 −18
)5
9

Q2 =34.39

Q3 class

Q3 class =
3𝑁
=
(3)50
=
150
= 37.5 This means we need to find the
4 4 4 class interval where the 37.5th
score is contained.
LB = 35.5
Note that the 28th -38th scores belong to the
N = 50
class interval: 36 – 40.
𝒄𝒇𝒃 = 27
So, the 37.5th score is also within the class
𝒇𝑸𝟑 = 11 interval.

i =5 The Q3 class is class interval 36 – 40.

𝟑𝑵
− 𝒄𝒇𝒃
Q3 = LB +ቆ 𝟒
ቇi Therefore, 75% of the students have
𝒇𝑸𝟑
a score less than or equal to 40.27.
37.5 −27 The third quartile 40.27 falls within
Q3 = 35.5 +( )5 the class boundaries of 36 – 40
11
which is (35.5- 40.5)
Q3 = 40.27

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2. Deciles for grouped data
Deciles are those values that divide the total frequency into 10 equal parts.
The kth decile denoted by Dk is computed as follows:

 Formula:

𝒌𝑵
− 𝒄𝒇𝒃
Dk = LB +ቆ 𝟏𝟎
ቇi
𝒇𝑫𝒌

where:
LB = lower boundary of the Qk class
N = total frequency
𝒄𝒇𝒃 = cumulative frequency of the class before the Dk class
𝒇𝑫𝒌 = frequency of the Dk class

i = size of class interval

k = nth decile, where n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9

Calculate the 7th decile of the Mathematics test scores of

50 students.

Scores Frequency
46 – 50 4

41 – 45 8
36 – 40 11
31 – 35 9
26 – 30 12

21 – 25 6

4
 This means we need to find the
7𝑁 7(50) 350
D7 class = = = = 35 class interval where the 35th
10 10 10
score is contained.

LB = 35.5
N = 50 Note that the 28th -38th scores
belong to the class interval: 36 –
𝒄𝒇𝒃 = 27 40.
So, 35th score is also within the
𝒇𝑫𝟕 = 11 class interval.
The D7 class is class interval
i =5 36 – 40.

𝑘𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
Dk = LB +ቆ 10
ቇi
𝑓𝐷𝑘
The 7th decile is equivalent
35 −27 to the 70th percentile.
D7 = 35.5 +( )5 Therefore, 70% of the
11
students got a score less
D7 = 39.14 than or equal to 39.14.

5
3. Percentile for grouped data
The percentile of grouped data is used to characterize values
according to the percentage below them. The kth percentile, denoted
by Pk is computed as follows
 Formula:
𝐤𝐍
− 𝐜𝐟𝐛
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Pk = LB +ቆ ቇi
𝐟𝐩𝐤

where:
LB = lower boundary of the kth percentile class
N = total frequency
𝒄𝒇𝒃 = cumulative frequency of the class before the percentile class
𝒇𝑷𝒌 = frequency of percentile class
i = size of class interval
k = nth percentile where n=1, 2 and 3…,97, 98 and 99

Calculate the 65th percentile and 32nd percentile of the

Mathematics test scores of 50 students.

Scores Frequency
46 – 50 4
41 – 45 8
36 – 40 11
31 – 35 9
26 – 30 12
21 – 25 6

P32 class

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 P65 class

This means we need to

𝑘𝑁 65(50) 3250 find the class interval
P65 class = = = 100 = 32.5
100 100
where the 32.5th score
is contained.

LB = 35.5
Note that the 28th -38th scores
N = 50
belong to the class interval: 36 – 40.
𝒄𝒇𝒃 = 27 So, 32.5th score is also within the
𝒇𝑷𝟔𝟓 = 11 class interval.
The P65 class is class interval 36 –
i =5
40.
𝒌𝑵
− 𝒄𝒇𝒃
P65 = LB +ቆ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
ቇi
𝒇𝑸𝟏
Therefore, 65% of the
32.5 −27
P65 = 35.5 +( )5 students got a score less
11
than or equal to 38.
P65 = 38

P32 class

This means we need to find the 𝑘𝑁 32(50) 1600

class interval where the 16th P32 class = = = 100 = 16
100 100
score is contained.

Note that the 7th - 18th scores belong LB = 25.5

to the class interval: 26 - 30. N = 50
So, 16th score is also within the class 𝒄𝒇𝒃 = 6
interval.
𝒇𝑷𝟑𝟐 = 12
The P32 class is class interval 26 – 30.
i =5

𝒌𝑵
− 𝒄𝒇𝒃
P32 = LB +ቆ𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒇 ቇi
Therefore, 32% of the students got a 𝑸𝟏

score less than or equal to 29.67. 16−6

P32 = 25.5 +( 12
)5

P32 = 29.67

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4. Percentile Rank
Percentile ranks are particularly useful in relating individual scores
to their positions in the entire group. A percentile rank is typically
defined as the proportion of scores in a distribution that a specific
score is greater than or equal to. For instance, if you received a score
of 95 on a mathematics test and this score was greater than or equal
to the scores of 88% of the students taking the test, then your
percentile rank would be 88.
 Formula:

𝟏𝟎𝟎 (𝐏−𝐋𝐁) 𝒇𝑷
PPR = [ + 𝒄𝒇𝑷 ]
𝑵 𝒊

where:
PR = percentile rank, the answer will be a percentage

𝒄𝒇𝑷 = cumulative frequency of all the values below the critical

value

f p = frequency where the raw score belongs

P = raw score or value for which one wants to find a percentile

rank

𝑳𝑩 = lower boundary of the kth percentile class

N = total frequency

i = size of the class interval

Find how many percent of the scores are greater than the
cumulative frequency of 38 in the previous table.

Scores Frequency
46 – 50 4
41 – 45 8
36 – 40 11
31 – 35 9
26 – 30 12
21 – 25 6

8
 RO_MIMAROPA_WS_Math10_Q4

Therefore, 65% of the scores are less than the cumulative frequency
of 38, while 35% of the scores are greater than the cumulative frequency
38.

Assume that a researcher wanted to know the percentage of

consultants who made Php 5400 or more per day.

Consultant Fees Number of Cumulative

(in Php) Consultants Frequency
6400 – 7599 24 120
5200 – 6399 36 96
4000 – 5199 19 60
2800 – 3999 26 41
1600 – 2799 15 15

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Activity 1: That’s My Place
Directions: Given the frequency distribution, compute the value of each quantile.
Match it with the letter code of its corresponding value then write it on
the table below to reveal the phrase. Write your solutions on other
sheets of paper.
Class Interval Frequency <cf
81 – 90 7 60
71 – 80 10 53
61 – 70 15 43
51 – 60 4 28
41 – 50 12 24
31 – 40 6 12
21 – 30 3 6
11 – 20 2 3
1 – 10 1 1

D6 P15 P35 D8 D4 P70 Q1 Q2 D8 Q3

Quantiles Letter codes

Q1 R. 34
Q2 O. 75.5
Q3 C. 50.5
P15 M. 65.83
P35 A. 69.83
P70 L. 48
D6 Y. 35.5
D4 N. 72.5
D8 I. 61.83
T. 43
Activity 3: Opposites!
Directions: Solve the following deciles to decode the riddle. Put the corresponding
letter on its respective decile. Use the given hints as your reference.

Riddle: I’m tall when I’m young, I’m short when I’m old. What am I?
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
D7 D2 D4 D9 D6 D3

Cumulative Lower Class

Class Interval Frequency (f)
Frequency Boundaries
110-115 3 30 109.5

104-109 3 27 103.5

98-103 5 24 97.5

92-97 12 19 91.5

86-71 5 7 85.5

80-85 2 2 79.5

Hints: 90.3 A
92.5 E
94 N
97 L
99.9 C
109.5 D

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