Department Of MBA in Business

st nd
Administration Year Semester
Course Name: - Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development
CourseCode:-MBA652
Assignment One (01):- Business Plan

By
TesfayeExecute
Id. No. MAO/10285/1

SubmittedTo: - Dr. Buzuye

April 03/2
Addis AbabaShort

1
Business Idea:- Poultry Farming

Business Name:-TABES Poultry

Farm

Owners' Name:-

1. TesfayeExecute

2. AbebeExecute

3. They passed the Ejeta

4. Ephrem Executes

5. Shiferaw Threw

E-mail:[email protected]

Phone:- +251913140164

Addis AbabaShort

2
 Contents
1. Executive Summary...........................................................................................................................1
2. Descriptionof TABES Poultry Farm................................................................................................2
2.1. View of TABES Poultry Farm....................................................................................................2
2.2. Mission of TABES Poultry Farm...............................................................................................2
2.3. Objective ofthe founders:............................................................................................................2
2.4. ValuesAnd Principles of TABES Poultry Farm........................................................................2
3. List of Productsto be produced.........................................................................................................3
3.1. Equipmentand Appliances Required by the Business..............................................................3
1.1. AssetsInvolved with its estimated costs......................................................................................4
1.1. Costsof products...........................................................................................................................5
4) MarketConsideration.........................................................................................................................5
2.1. MarketRisk...................................................................................................................................6
1.1. Strength.........................................................................................................................................6
4.3. Weaknesses...................................................................................................................................6
4.4. Opportunity..................................................................................................................................7
4.5. Threats..........................................................................................................................................7
5. MarketingPlan....................................................................................................................................7
5.1. Marketing Promotion Plan..........................................................................................................8
5.1.1. Product..................................................................................................................................8
5.1.2. Promotion.............................................................................................................................8
5.1.3. Pricing...................................................................................................................................9
5.1.4. Packaging..............................................................................................................................9
6. ManagementAnd Organization........................................................................................................9
1.1. Responsibilities...........................................................................................................................10
1.1.1. Poultryfarm manager/CEO..............................................................................................10
1.1.2. Assistantfarm manager......................................................................................................10
1.1.3. Poultrystock price..............................................................................................................11
1.1.4. Finance manager................................................................................................................11
1.1.5. Sales manager.....................................................................................................................11
1.1.6. Production manager;.........................................................................................................11
1.1.7. Part-time workers/cleaners...............................................................................................12
6.1. Skillsand Experience of the Management Team.....................................................................12

i
 6.2. Technical Specifications and Experiences................................................................................12
6.2.1. EmployingSpecialized Employees....................................................................................12
6.2.2. Checkingthe Poultry's Health Statues and Condition properly and timely.................13
2.2.3. ProperSupply of Vaccine and Medicine...........................................................................13
7. Financialand Economic Plan.............................................................................................................14
7.1. Sources of Capital......................................................................................................................14
7.2. Financial forecast5000 poultry..................................................................................................14
7.2. Equipmentand Assets Management.........................................................................................16
7.3. Key Financial Management Controls......................................................................................16
7.3.1. Bookkeepingand Financial Administration.....................................................................16
7.3.2. Importanceof Bookkeeping and Financial Administration...........................................16
1. Financial Risk.............................................................................................................................17
2. HumanResource Risk................................................................................................................17
3. EventRisk or Risk of Disease Outbreaks.................................................................................17
5.5. RiskManagement and Control..................................................................................................17
c. Financial Riskand Control and Management.........................................................................18
8. Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................19

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1. Executive Summary
Poultry farming in Ethiopia is probably one of the most profitable in the world especially when it
is set up and managed properly. This aspect of livestock farming presents one of the finest
opportunity for us as entrepreneurs to make good money in our country within the shortest
period of time possible due to the quick maturity of chickens. Also the important fact I consider
in this business is that food is a basic human need and a necessity for human life. In Ethiopia we
have over 115 million people which you will probably find 18.4 million consumers in the
country who buy poultry product on a daily basis. Even though some poultry farms exist in
Addis Ababa, poultry product is imported from other parts of the country. This increases the cost
of sales and transportation. Sometimes they find it difficult to meet the consumer's need.
Considering all these factors, this makes my idea viable and feasible. In the same vain, the
multifaceted business (poultry production and sale) prepared plans, strategies and financial
estimation that shielded the activities of the business from any risk or threat. The business is set
to involve the capital investment of aboutBirr.29,591,4including the assets, expenditure and
other expenses involved in running the business and also the reserve capital.

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2. Descriptionof TABES Poultry Farm
The name of our Business will be known as TABES Poultry Farm. We create the names of our
projects by taking the first letter from the name of the founders. TABES is a firm formed by
members of a family. This enterprise is designed to produce poultry products;chicken, eggs
andthe byproductthat is used as fertilizers for farmers. The project shall be located inN/S/L/S/C
You are sleeping14, local place Qersa Billa.The project has good access to roads, water,
vegetables and is located in the center of the sub-city. The project will start at the end of the
years 2022G.C.

2.1. View of TABES Poultry Farm

The vision of the project is to be a women and youth empowerment community project that is
renowned for promoting a healthy well balanced eating within the society.

2.2. Missionof TABES Poultry Farm

To contribute towards promoting good health and vitality as well as empowering women and
youth and ultimately adding value to the lives of all the stakeholders of the project

2.3. Objectiveof the TABES Poultry Farm

The major objective of the founders is to reduce poverty, malnutrition and unemployment
problem of our country. Besides, we want to provide quality product to customer and maintain
the supply sufficiently

2.4. ValuesAnd Principles of TABES Poultry Farm

Values and principlesshall guide the actions of the members of the project and form the very
essence of the culture of the project. They include:

 Respectand value for stakeholders as well as establishing long term value laden
relationships in order to realize mutual growth based upon mutual trust

 The fostering of a corporate culture that enhances individual creativity, innovation and
teamwork

 Integrity,honesty and understanding that success depends upon unswerving adherence to

the standards and principles of the project

 The creation of value for clients by valuing their opinions and ensuring quality poultry
products

 Productivity in terms of being results driven and materializing value added achievements
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  Beingefficiency in operations and other areas of the business

 Working together in harmony as a team and cultivating a team spirit oriented business
culture

 Customer centric:this is a core value for the project as it strives to understand the needs
and preferences of its customers and superseding their expectations.

3. List of Product to be produced

FirstSegment Products
At the first level the business will start by products that include;
a. Eggs
b. Breeding incubated chicken.
After18 months of commencement, the business will extend its wings to engage in things like;

a. Eggs
b. Chickens
c. Packaging andmarketing of a manure as a fertilizer
3.1. Equipmentand Appliances Required by the Business
Sr.No Equipment name Quantity Unit Price Total price

1 Chicken feed 150g*5000*1 Birr.0.03 Birr.270,0

2 medicine 1440 Birr.12 Birr17,280

3 Feeder 150 Birr.300 Birr.45,0

4 Drinker 150 Birr. 300 Birr.45,0

5 Plastic Egg tray 200 Birr.100 Birr.20,0

6 Lightingsystem - - Birr.200,0

7 Wheelbarrows 20 Birr.320 Birr.6,4

8 Incubator 1 Birr.80,0 Birr.80,0

9 ManureCleaning 10 Birr.2500 Birr.25,0

10 Cleaning tools 100 Birr.300 Birr.30,0

GreatTotal Birr.738,680

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 1.1. Assets Involved with its estimated costs
Sr.No. Assetname Quantity Unit Price Total price

1 Chicken 5000 Birr.300 Birr.1,500,0

2 Land 40m*40m Birr.10,0 Birr.8,000,0

Fencing materials Birr.2,171,0

 Fencing (RHS) (100*100*4mm) 160pcs Birr.10,0 Birr.1,600,0

 Cement 20 quintals Birr.1,2 Birr.24,0

3
 G28 Corrugated Galvanized Iron Sheet 250 Birr.1,3 Birr.325,0
2
 Gravel (02) 1160m Birr.1,2 Birr.192,0

 Nails 100kg Birr.300 Birr.30,0

5 Truck 1 Birr.5,000,0 Birr.5,000,0

6 Minibus 1 Birr.2,000,0 Birr.2,000,0

Poultry house 1 Birr.1,089,5

 RHS100*100*4mm 20 Birr.10,0 Birr.200,0

 G28 Corrugated Galvanized Iron Sheet 75 Birr.1,3 Birr.97,5

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Cement 100quintal Birr.1,2 Birr.120,0
2
Gravel 160m Birr.1,2 Birr192,000

Ceramic 40*40*9mm 800 Birr.600 Birr.480,0

Store Birr.331,6

RHS100*100*4mm 16 Birr.10000 Birr.160,0

8 G28 Corrugated Galvanized Iron Sheet 84 Birr.1,3 Birr.109,2

Cement 20quintal Birr.1,2 Birr.24,0

2
Gravel02 32m Birr.1,2 Birr.38,4

9 Marketing office 1(Rental) Birr.60,0 Birr.720,0

10 Office building Birr.1,558,4

Reinforcement12mm bar 10000kg Birr.120 Birr.1,200,0

Hollow Cement Block (HCB): 20cmthick 500 Birr.200 Birr.100,0

G28 Corrugated Galvanized Iron Sheet 100 Birr.1300 Birr.130,0

Cement 100quintal Birr.1200 Birr.120,0

2
Gravel02 32m Birr.1200 Birr.38,4

11 Employee salary+ retirement 8 Birr.13220 Birr.1,269,1

12 Contract employee salary 4 Birr.4,4 Birr.213,1

For contractor and loading Birr.5,000,0

Grand Total Birr.28,852,7

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 1.1. Costs of products
Sr.No. Items Unit cost Profit margin Total price Selling price

1 Egg Birr.5.30 Birr.1.50 Birr.6.80 Birr.8.00

2 Chicken Birr.80.00 Birr.16.00 Birr.96.00 Birr.110.40

3 Cull the Birr.184.80 Birr.70.00 Birr.254.80 Birr.293.02

hen
4 Manure Birr.50.00 Birr.70.00 Birr.120.00 Birr.120.00

5 Layerhen Birr.190.00 Birr.100.00 Birr.290.00 Birr.330.50

4) MarketConsideration
Any production industry, whether small or large scale eventually fed up with the market. The
market is a medium that allows the buyers and sellers to interact in order to facilitate exchange,
is the target point of any producer. TABES poultry farming is no exception. Some factors I take
into consideration in regards to where I intend to sell the products. The proximity of market, in
relation to other factors of production was put in place. The following are factors I consider in
relation to the market for my products. Thus;

i. The location of the business: The business main unit will be located in Woreda 14,
which is at the center of the sub city. The location significantly makes the business
near its first target market.
ii. Current and potentialdemand: the residents of Addis Ababa are in high demand for
poultry product especially eggs. In addition the existing restaurants, student center,
tea and bread vendors and drinking joints are also demanding and consuming our
products. Furthermore, the rapid increase in population migration the city is a gift that
will support the future development of the business.
iii. Societal characteristicsor culture: the religions, beliefs, norms and all ethical
phenomena of the immediate community, secondary community and the tertiary
community do not prohibit or exempt people from eating poultry products, rather it
even encourage-our products to be consumed by all and sundry.

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 2.1. Market Risk
Thereis a potential market risk in terms of competition from well-established poultry farms and
suppliers around the city. TABES poultry will have to compete for market share with these
established businesses. To mitigate this, the business will focus on a specific market segment and
strive to understand the customers better than the competitors.

1.1. Strength

 The shared values of the project members with particular reference to teamwork,
commitment and perseverance

 The strong participatory and democratic style of leadership demonstrated by the members of
the project

 Produceshigh-quality eggs enriched with protein

 Relatively good infrastructure systems

 Eggsand chicken are not seasonal products and can be eaten at any time of the year

 Inthis area, the poultry business has not been over-exploited

 Poultry are environmentally friendly

4.3. Weaknesses

 The lack of advanced financial management skills

 The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the strategic planning framework

 Lackof trained human resource in the field of poultry farming and livestock disease
prevention and control

 The lack of a comprehensive marketing strategy and plan

 Capitalintensive. Starting a poultry business requires a large capital funding.

 Outbreakof disease can ruin entire business in a go

 The smell can be quite disturbing

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 4.4. Opportunity

 Expansion into large scale production of

byproducts(fertilizer) A large and successful poultry farm will ensure
food security

4.5. Threats

 Compliant from the neighbor on Suffocations of manure

 The threat from well-established competitors

 The threat from rising electricity costs.

 Indirectcompetition from distant emerging commercial and subsistence farmers and other
small players in the industry

 The threat from suppliers – in the case of feed, there is a threat of rising feed costs

 The threat from substitutes or alternative protein rich foods

5. Marketing Plan

The poultry farms average client will be:-

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  Hotels

 Restaurants

 Supermarkets

 Mini markets

 Farmersmarket

 Chickendistributor are in the business' focus audience.

5.1. Marketing PromotionPlan

The marketing efforts will focus on identifying and understanding the ever changing needs and
preferences of the customers in order to satisfy them. The marketing mix will drive the customer
value proposition of the project. The following is an account of the product, promotion; place
and packaging that will be applied to the selected market segment.

5.1.1. Product
The main products of the project will be the eggs produced by the layer birds. The project will
strive to improve the quality of the eggs produced and sold by providing the right nutrition and
environmental condition for the layers. Other products to be sold by the project will include the
manure resulting from chicken droppings. Manure is a desirable fertilizer that is highly sought-
after by farmers and can replace the CH4N2O. Additionally, the project will sell layers (cull
hence) that have become unproductive (around 70 -110 weeks). Cull hens are considered to be a
delicacy for most consumers and as such, the business will be in a position to sell these at
lucrative prices.

5.1.2. Promotion
TABESThe poultry farm will use a combination of push and pull strategies to create awareness
for the business and appraise leads and sales. Communication will essentially be directed to
small and medium sized entities such as lodges, bed and breakfasts and lodges. The target
consumers will ideally pull the product through the distribution channel forcing the wholesalers
and retailers to stock the products of the project. The marketing efforts of the business will be
designed such that they create attention, interest, desire and ultimately cause the target audience
to take action
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bypurchasing the products of the business. The project will make use of the marketing and
distribution officer so as to ensure that the promotional efforts are well executed. The marketing
officer will also assist the business in establishing a brand for the business. Branding will also
assist in terms of positioning or creating a picture in the minds of the consumers about the
project and the products it provides.

5.1.3. Pricing
The business will make use of accounting and costing systems to determine the unit cost of the
eggs. This method of pricing is justified as the business needs to sell at a price higher than the
cost per unit and essentially cover other related costs and expenses. It will be important for the
project to monitor the costs such as feed, vaccines, labor and other direct cost as these can be 60
– 70% of the cost of goods sold. TABES will also monitor the prices of its competitors so as to
promote competitiveness.

5.1.4. Packaging
The egg products of the project will be packaged in paper egg trays and neatly sealed with a
protective plastic covering. The plastic covering will bear the name of the project or brand name
as well as a catchy phrase.

6. ManagementAnd Organization
Management teamis a team of individuals at highest level of organization management who have
the day- to- day responsibilities of managing an industry, company or cooperation. These poultry
farm management teams are individuals who are responsible for the day- to- day running of the
farm which includes monitoring the welfare of feeding them and ensuring they are in good
health.

The key management team is as follows;

1) Poultry Farm Manager (CEO)

2) Assistantfarm manager
3) Poultry stock price
4) Finance manager
5) salesmanager
6) Productionmanager

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 7) Parthourly workers/cleaners.

1.1. Responsibilities

1.1.1. Poultryfarm manager/CEO

The farm manager is responsible for planning, organizing and managing the activities of the
farm.

Duties;

 Planning finance and production to maintain farm process against budgets and
parameters.
 Planning activities for trainee staff, mentoring and monitoring them.

1.1.2. Assistant farm manager

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The assistant farm manager will be responsible for the management of the poultry farm. This
will mean responsibility for the health, welfare and performance of the poultry unit.

1.1.3. Poultrystock price

The stock man is responsible for supporting the husbandry of the farm's birds. This will include
ensuring they are fed, watered and locked after feeding in other to meet health and welfare
requirement as well as growth targets for birds bred for meat, or egg production for layers.

Itis the duty of stock man to ensure the health status of the chickens in other to enhance a good a
product.

1.1.4. Finance manager

The Finance Manage the Key Account Head Office, on farm and steering communities were
required. He develops and implements sales and marketing plans and meets target sales, handling
negotiations at a higher level with head office and technical nutritionist. The account manager
identifies and develops business opportunities in existing channel patents, increasing sales in a
manner consistent with company policy and goals.

1.1.5. Sales manager

Sales managers manage and assignterritory of product line to maximize sales revenue and meet
cooperate objectives, review sales progress, and develop specific plans activities to ensure
revenue growth.

Some of the duties of the sales manager include

 He is in charge of calling customers.

 Maintenance andextension of sales territory.
 Increasingsales line, image, and building and developing product knowledge.
1.1.6. Production manager;

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The production manager is responsible for managing the production, operating to ensure that the
production target is achieved within the specialized quality, environmental standard and budget.

 Itis his duty to manage the production team.

 Adherenceto plan.
 Adherenceto site and business protocols.

1.1.7.Part-time workers/cleaners
Part-time employees are employees who work timeto time not regularly. They also take part in cleaning to
ensure that the farm is clean and to prevent and check farm products from contacting diseases.

6.1. Skillsand Experience of the Management Team

The management team will be highly skilled individuals due to undergo training on how to handle the
business, to ensure the progress of the business by minimizing cost and maximizing profit. They will also
be individuals who have experience because they may have been engaged in the business several times
before they have experience of how to run the business and prevent the farm from uncontrollable factor
which may harm and affect the progress of the business.

6.2. Technical Specifications and Experiences

Poultry farming industryis covered by hazards; risk and disease outbreak which if not handled properly
brings dangers and threats not only to the laborers in the industry but to the whole community. With the
high growing danger of bird flu epidemic condition, all over the world and global concern about food
related diseases of humans, it is a must to establish a decent poultry farm that will be free from any
intimidation to health.

Therefore, Tehi poultry farm has designed some pre-causative strategies that will serve as a shield that
prevents or sets the farm under the reliable protection against any threat of public health. The key points
competently planned are as follows;

 Employing specializedskilled employees

 Goodmanagement
 CheckingThe poultry health status properly and timely
 Propersupply of vaccines and medicines

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 6.2.1.EmployingSpecialized Employees
The labor force of any business, industry/organization has a great impact on the operations of that very
business and it is one of the factors that occur within the organization internal controllable factors.

This great poultry farming industryand business organization has set a plan in which specialized and
skilled managers and other workers will be employed.

Oneof them is Mr. Ayele Abebe is a graduate of Veterinary Medicine at Ambo University. Mr. Ayele is
planning to be the head of the management team.

Other employeesand their specialization details are outlined below;

1) Mr.MokoninAbebe-------degree in Accounting and Finance

2) Ms. Emabet Mengistu ---degree in biology and accounting and finance
3) Mr. Asrat Mokonin - Degree in Agricultural Science (Domestic Livestock)
4) Ms. Degree in Marketing 5) Mr. Ayinalem Mammuye Damisew
Taye---------------------------------Degree in management
Each of the above including Mr. Ayele has 2-8 years of cognitive working experience. And they all
agreed and accepted our invitation to and pledge to work faithfully and excellently. Mr. Ayele can be able
to manage or lead the management team to manage the farm well. Because he possessed the skills,
knowledge and the working experience of 8 years.

6.2.2. Checking the Poultry's Health Statues and Condition properly and timelyThe
management team will be inspecting the health status of the poultry at all times since good
health of the birds means more profit and fewer losses.

2.2.3. Proper Supply of Vaccine and Medicine

Vaccineis a preventive medicine which stimulates the feathers and other body parts of an animal
(bird specifically) which can promote the immune and resistance system to protect against a
particular disease or parasite. In this business, lives vaccine –usually given in the drinking water.
By aerosol spray or injection and inactivated vaccines-usually given by uninterrupted given to
the chickens by the specialized workers in charge. Other antibiotics or synthetic chemicals are
given in water or feed. Medicines will be administered accordingly if there happens to be an
outbreak of disease. The order of the vaccines and medicines will be in anticipation of being
catastrophic. Moreover, the medicines to be ordered must come with detailed manufacturers
instruction and how to use them. Extensive testing will be performed to make sure it is not

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harmful

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residues' ofthe medicine remain in the poultry meat or eggs-Flour-maximum residue limit must
be calculated in order to guarantee the withdrawal period for each product. In the slaughter
house, the inspectors will examine all chickens intended for human consumption for evidence of
disease or injury.

7. Financialand Economic Plan

7.1. Sources of Capital
The business will source its capital through;

i. Bankloan; The loan from the Oromia Cooperative Bank is 50% of the capital which is
about Birr.14,795,7

ii. Contribution from partners; since the business is a group entrepreneurship oriented
business; the partners will contribute about 10% each which is around Birr .3,000,000

iii. The investment begins to return on investment after two years of production as shown
on cash flow table blow.

7.2. Financialforecast 5000 poultry

Letsay from 5000 layers 4500 layers can lay the eggs daily =4500 eggs per day and assuming
that there is no price change over the considered years;

th st nd rd th th th th
No. Revenue 0 year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year 6 year 7 year

1 Egg sales 0.00 6,240,0 7,860,0 9,480,0 11,720,0 12,960,0 19,200,0 19,200,0

2 Chicken sales 0.00 33,000 165,0 165,0 132,0 165,0 165,0 165,0

3 Manure sales 0.00 0.00 6,000 12,000 18,000 24,000 24,000 24,000

4 Cull the hen 0.00 0.00 7,325.50 14,651 21,976.50 29,302 29,302 29,302

5 Layer 0.00 0.00 49,575 99,150 148,725 198,3 198,3 198,3

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Total sales 0.00 6,273,0 8,087,900.50 9,773,801 13,073,701.50 13,376,602 19,616,602 19,616,602

th st nd rd th th th th
No. Investment 0 year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year 6 year 7 year

1 Poultry 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

house 1,089,5

2 Land 8,000,0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Building 1,890,0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4 Fence 2,171,0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

5 Officerental 0.00 720.0000 720.0000 720.0000 720.0000 720.0000 720.0000 720.0000

6 Equipment 451,4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 Car 0.00 7,000,0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

purchas
e
8 Hen 0.00 1,500,0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
purchase

Total investment 13,601,9 9,220,0 720.0000 720.0000 720.0000 720.0000 720,0 720.00

No. Operation cost 0thyear 1styear 2ndyear 3rdyear 4thyear 5thyear

1 Medicinecost 0.00 17,280 17,280 17,280 17,280 17,280 17,280 17,280

2 Wages 0.00 6,482,240 6,482,240 6,482,240 6,482,240 6,482,240 6,482,240 6,482,240

3 Feed cost 0.00 270,0 270,0 270,0 270,0 270,0 270,0 270,0

4 Loan payment 0.00 4,508,565.48 4,508,565.48 4,508,565.48 4,508,565.48 4,508,565.48 4,508,565.48 4,508,565.48

5 Utility expense 0.00 500,0 500,0 500,0 500,0 500,0 500,0 500,0

6 Overhead cost 0.00 500,0 500,0 500,0 500,0 500,0 500,0 500,0

Total Costs 0.00 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48

Greattotal cost 13,601,9 21,998,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48 12,778,085.48

Profit/loss (13,601,900) (15,725,085.4).8) (4,690,184.9).8) (3,004,284.48) 295,616.02 598,516.52

16
 7.3. Financialsummaries of TABES Poultry Farm SC

7.3.1. Balance sheet

th st nd rd th th th th
Assets 0 year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year 6 year 7 year

Cash 15,989,520 764,394.52 (4,146,790.46) (7371074.90) (7,295,459.27) (6,916,942.75)

Equipment 451,4 451,4 451,4 451,4 451,4 451,4 451,4 451,4

House& land 13,150,5 13,150,5 13,150,5 13,150,5 13,150,5 13,150,5 13,150,5 13,150,5

property - 8,500,0 8,500,0 8,500,0 8,500,0 8,500,0 8,500,0 8,500,0

Total 29,591,4 22,866,294.52 17,955,109.54 14,730,825.10 14,806,440.75 15,184,958.32

Liabilities

A/P 14,795,710 12,790,256.76 10,392,500.43 7,525,699.39 4,098,099.61.89 0.54 0.00 0.00

O/E

Revenue - (4,719,672.24) (7,233,100.89) (7.590584.33) (4,087,368.89) 389274.78

Common 14,795,710 14,795,710 14,795,710 14,795,710 14,795,710 14,795,710 14,795,710 14,795,710

stock

Total 25,591,410 22,866,294.52 17,955,109.54 14.730825.06 15.184958.32

7.2. Equipmentand Assets Management

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Inorder to minimize the risk of damaging and vandalizing the organization's owned assets, skills
workers are employed and the following measures will be taken;

1. Washing the equipment and other tools regularly especially after use.

2. Storing them in a shady and dry place.

3. Immediatelyrepairing of the spoiled and shaping the worn ones.

7.3. Key FinancialManagement Controls

7.3.1. Bookkeepingand Financial Administration
In terms ofthe bookkeeping and financial administration needs of Tehi Poultry Farm, the
business needs to keep and maintain the bookkeeping and financial administration records as
noted below:

 Recordsof all sales made

 A record of all the purchases and expenses of the business

 Invoicesfor all business purchases and expenses

 Detailsof any amounts taken for personal use by the project owners

 Copies of the bank statement

7.3.2. Importanceof Bookkeeping and Financial Administration

The importance of a bookkeeping and financial administration system cannot be overstated. The
key importance of bookkeeping and financial administration is to extract accurate data and
information for the preparation of useful financial statements such as the statement of financial
position, statement of financial performance and cash flow statement, to mention a few principle
ones. a key important reason is the fact that bookkeeping and financial administration ensures
that the managing members have control over the project and that they can assess the
profitability and cash flow situation of the business. Ultimately the managing members should
be in a position to make decisions on the basis of the reports resulting from bookkeeping and
financial administration.

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 7.4. Risks Analysis
Discussed beloware the key risks and issues likely to face TABES poultry farm. An account of
possible mitigation efforts is also provided.

1. FinancialRisk
Interms of the financial risk, the inflation may affect the business and this may cause the lagging
of return on investments

2. HumanResource Risk
The project will require skilled, knowledgeable and competent staff in significant areas such as
business management, financial management, costing, entrepreneurship and technical aspects
relating to raising layers and egg production management. It will be important for the owners,
management and employees to be well trained. Moreover, a loss of key personnel is likely to
affect the business adversely. To mitigate this risk, the business will promote and cultivate a
culture of sharing knowledge and skills among its members and employees.

3. EventRisk or Risk of Disease Outbreaks

Thereis a risk of outbreak of diseases that could adversely affect the products of the project.
When poultry is kept intensively, the risk of disease is very high for the mere reason that the
birds are too close to each other. If proper vaccination programs are not followed the business
could suffer major financial losses. It is important that a proper vaccination program is followed.
The vaccination will minimize the threat of diseases. Personnel will ensure that the birds are
monitored for diseases and that the chicken housing is kept clean and safe from other event risks.

5.5. Risk Management and Control

Poultry farming is surrounded by risks all over which affect both small and large scale operators.
Along this line, we have foreseen, forecasted and predicted certain possibly occurring risks that
our business and or industry may face and we carefully provide matching solutions to those
risks and dangers. The risks might include:

 Staffrisks.
 Productionrisk.
 Financialrisk.

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 a. Personal Risks and Control and Management
Staffrisks arise from events affecting the personal lives of the farmer and or his partners which
may in turn affect the operation of the business.
Inthis instance we predict some personal risks (catastrophic events) such as fire, flood or death.
It can also include variation of goals and objectives between the high desk and the low desk.
 Inthe first instance of fire, flood and death the business organization has planned to
register all its works with the insurance services, in order to minimize or even obliterate
some risks that may be faced in that regard.
 Establishing a common understanding of the business goals among the partners.
b.Production Risk and Control and Management
Many factors from outside the business environment and from within are likely to put the
industry and the whole of its productions at risk. Poultry farming has sensitive risks to weather
conditions that are in the farming environment eg sunlight, rainfall, humidity, temperature and
others can include insect diseases and pests.
 We intend to grow disease resistant varieties of poultry that can absorb and sustain the
shock of infections
 We intend to use preventive means of insect and predator control such as nets to protect
the chickens.
c.Financial Risk and Control and Management
Most risks that are related to finance result from inadequate cash flow to meet obligations which
may in turn cause shut-down of the business. It may be caused by high or mortgage payments
and assets or as a result of personal or production problems.

Inorder not to fall into the trap of financial risk, TABES Poultry Farm plans the following ways:
 Diversificationof the business: we planned to engage in different niche of poultry farming
so as to escape the misfortune. When someone has two niches involved, when one
collapses 50% of the business fails, but if you have ten niches involved and one happens
to have a problem, it will only be 10% that will be affected.
 Acquiring tools and equipment of simple cost: due to the expensiveness of some
equipment, the business will center on hiring, renting or even with neighboring farms (if
any);
 Nevertheless,we planned not to tie our capital on equipment that would have a low of
usage.
 We plan not to buy things until the need arises.
 Savingin the bank: since keeping money at home or in business place is so risky we plan
to equip our business with banking (e-banking in particular). So also, the profit earned
will be saved in the bank where, the interest will be an add-up benefit to our activities.

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 8. Conclusion
Fromthe above business plan it is clear that poultry farming is viable and feasible in Addis
Ababa and is also beneficial at large in Ethiopia. TABES poultry farm is a family business
formed by Ejeta's families who contribute equal amount of money including land. We considered
all related risks and their control mechanisms in order to avoid or minimize the risks occurred
during operation. We have deeply analyzed and considered our weakness side, strength, treat and
opportunities in this business area. The investment starts paying back after four years of
successive operations. We assumed the maximum interest rate of 18% and the government tax is
also included in figures listed in above tables. Generally by assuming all the described treats and
opportunities and by paying bank loans in the first three years of operations; our plan clearly
shows that poultry farming is profitable.The goal of the firm is to have sales amount of birr.
12,960,000 at the end of the 5th year of operation.

Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy?.;MPMA]ZIUM Q]BBO\YHiquij sgop os o wos`icf ofmct is eost rmphoaicf jmtmrfmcts ic
Cifmrio. Qicam t`mojvmct ge hiquij sgop ic Cifmrio, t`m jmtmrfmct prgjuamrs `ovm cgt egucj it mosyagppicf wit`
t`m agbpmtitigc. Z`is is lmaousm ge t`m sibphm eoat t`ot hiquij sgopis eost foicicf frgucjs egr houcjry ocj jis`
wos`icf.Hiquij sgop `os smvmroh ojvoctofms gvmr Qgops, `mcam its prmemrmcam egr houcjryocj jis` wos`icf.
Qicam t`m ojvmct ge hiquij sgop ic Cifmrio, smvmroh sdihhoaquisitigcs amctrms `ovm icagrpgrotmj hiquij sgop
bodicf ictg t`mir aurriauho`mcam t`m prghiemrotigc ge smvmroh sbohh-saohm hiquij sgop prgjuatigc agbpocims.?.?
Z`m Lusicmss IjmoBodicf sgop is o armotivm `glly gcm aoc turc ictg o suaamsseuh lusicmss lmaousm mvmrygcm
cmmjs sgop. Mvmry lor bust mvmctuohhy jissghvm, sgmvmry austgbmr aoc lm o stmojy austgbmr, prgvijmj gur
sgop is fggj. Oswit` ocyt`icf mhsm, quohity wihh lm t`m jmtmrbicicf eoatgr ic t`m suaamss ge gur lusicmss. Vm
`gpm tg bodm fggj prgjuats ic grjmr tg aopturm mcguf` pulhia ictmrmst w`ia` aoc bodm gur lusicmss tg
t`rivm.?.<Jmsariptigc ge t`m Lusicmsso.Ijmctity ge t`m LusicmssZ`m cobm ge t`m lusicmss mctmrprisms s`ohh lm
Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy,o lusicmss cobm rmfistmrmj wit` stotm bicistry ge Agbbmram ocj Icjustry.l.Lusicmss
HgaotigcZ`m lusicmss is hgaotmj ot Cg. ?= Oeio Csit, Mdmt, Odwo Ilgb QtotmGlnmativms ge t`m LusicmssZ`m
glnmativms ge gur aggpmrotivm orm t`m eghhgwicf>:

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy[rgbgtgc ge mbphgybmc gppgrucitmsLmagbm t`m spmaiohty sgop ge a`giam egr
rmstourocts, `gtmhs, sa`gghs,`gspitohs, ocj joy aorms oargss t`m stotm ly t`m mcj ge Ymor <. Oa`imvm sohms ge
C= bihhigc ly t`m mcj ge Ymor<. ?.1 Dmys tg QuaamssO lrocjicf aobpoifc tg luihj owormcmss ge gur prgjuats os
t`m stocjorjegr mcsuricf fggj wos`icf agbphiocam.Agcsistmct mjuaotigc gc `ocj wos`icf ocj pmrsgcoh
`yfimcm.?.:Aurrmct Qtotus ge t`m LusicmssZ`m lusicmss is ymt tg agbbmcam gpmrotigc. It is icjmmj o stort-up
lusicmss.?.=[gtmctioh A`ohhmcfms ic t`m Qgop Bodicf Icjustry.Ic t`m rmamct ymors, wm `ovm smmc bossivm
a`ocfms ic t`is icjustry, t`msma`ocfms icahujm> Cmw tma`cghgfy  Cotigcoh Agbpmtitivm
prmssurms]cstolhm egrmifc mxa`ocfm.Vgrdmrs loj ottitujmsIt `os lmmc o a`ohhmcficf tibm egr bocy
mctmrprisms prgjuaicf sgops.Agbpmtitigc `os lmmc eimram, bordmt s`orms `ovm lmmc a`ocficf ropijhy, ocjsgbm
phoymrs `ovm mxpmrimcamj smvmrm eicocaioh prglhmbs.?.5 Agctrilutigc tg Hgaoh ocj Cotigcoh MagcgbyZ`m
eghhgwicf orm t`m lmcmeits ocj agctrilutigc ge t`is lusicmss tg t`m magcgby> Mbphgybmct fmcmrotigc egr t`m
tmobicf ucmbphgymj ygut` ic t`m stotm.Z`m agbpocy ocj stoee poy toxms tg t`m fgvmrcbmct w`ia` wihh
icarmosmfgvmrcbmct rmvmcum.=

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf AgbpocyIbprgvmj `moht`y hivicf ocj prgbgtm hgcfmvity obgcf t`m aitizmcs. O`moht`y wgrdegram
is o lmcmeit tg t`m magcgby.?.6Qustoicolhm Jmvmhgpbmct FgohJmamct wgrd ocj magcgbia frgwt`> Osijm ergb
fmcmroticf prgeits, t`micjustry `os ohsg armotmj ngls ic sgop bodicf.?.0Bissigc/Uisigc QtotmbmctGur bissigc is tg
armotm vohum egr austgbmrs ly agcticuohhy ibprgvicf `moht`ocj rmjuaicf prmvmctolhm ihhcmssms usicf gur
sgop.Gur visigc is tg mstolhis` o stocjorj hiquij sgop prgjuatigc Agbpocy w`gsm prgjuats wihh cgt gchy lm sghj ic
Mdmt - Odwo Ilgb, lut ohsg t`rguf`gut Cifmrio.<.;L]QICMQQ QZ\]AZ]\MJmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy is
mstolhis`mj tg agbpmtm wit` gt`mr hmojicf hiquijsgop prgjuat lrocjs ic t`m icjustry. Z`mrmegrm, wm wihh put t`m
rif`t struaturm ic phoam t`ot wihh suppgrt t`m dicj ge frgwt` t`ot wm `ovm ic bicj egr t`m lusicmss.Vm wihh
mcsurm t`ot wm gchy `irm pmgphm t`ot orm quohieimj, `gcmst, `orjwgrdicf,austgbmr amctria ocj orm rmojy tg
wgrd tg `mhp us luihj o prgspmrgus lusicmsst`ot wihh lmcmeit ohh t`m stodm `ghjmrs. [rgeit-s`oricf orrocfmbmct
wihh lm bojmovoiholhm tg ohh gur smcigr bocofmbmct stoee ocj it wihh lm losmj gc t`mir pmregrbocam egr o
pmrigj ge tmc ymors gr bgrm jmpmcjicf `gw eost wm bmmt gursmt torfmt.Ic vimw ge t`ot, wm `ovm jmaijmj tg
`irm quohieimj `ocjs tg gaaupy t`m eghhgwicf pgsitigcs45

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf AgbpocyA`ime Mxmautivm Geeiamr (Gwcmr) [hoct Bocofmr @uboc \msgurams ocj Ojbic
Bocofmr Bmra`ocjizm Bocofmr Qohms ocj Bordmticf Bocofmr Boa`icm Gpmrotgrs Oaaguctocts /
Aos`imrsJistrilutigc Zruad Jrivmrs\ghms ocj \mspgcsilihitimsA`ime Mxmautivm Geeiamr - AMG
(Gwcmr)>Icarmosms bocofmbmct’s meemativmcmss ly rmaruiticf, smhmaticf, grimcticf,troicicf, agoa`icf,
agucsmhicf, ocj jisaiphicicf bocofmrs4agbbuciaoticf vohums, strotmfims, ocj glnmativms4
ossifcicfoaaguctolihitims4 phoccicf, bgcitgricf, ocj opproisicf ngl rmsuhts ocjjmvmhgpicf icamctivms \
mspgcsilhm egr eixicf priams ocj sifcicf lusicmss jmohs \mspgcsilhm egr prgvijicf jirmatigc egr t`m
lusicmssArmotms, agbbuciaotms, ocj ibphmbmcts t`m grfocizotigc’s visigc,bissigc, ocj gvmrohh jirmatigc - i.m.
hmojicf t`m jmvmhgpbmct ocjibphmbmctotigc ge t`m gvmrohh grfocizotigc’s strotmfy \mspgcsilhm egr sifcicf
a`mads ocj jgaubmcts gc lm`ohe ge t`m agbpocyMvohuotms t`m suaamss ge t`m grfocizotigc.[hoct Bocofmr \
mspgcsilhm egr gvmrsmmicf t`m sbggt` ruccicf ge t`m prgjuatigc phoct Bops gut strotmfy t`ot wihh hmoj tg
meeiaimcay obgcfst wgrdmrs ic t`m phoct6

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy\mspgcsilhm egr troicicf, mvohuotigc ocj ossmssbmct ge phoct wgrdmrs Mcsurms
gpmrotigc ge mquipbmct ly agbphmticf prmvmctivm boictmcocamrmquirmbmcts4 aohhicf egr rmpoirs. Mcsurms
t`m stmojy ehgw ge row a`mbiaohs tg t`m phoct ocj mosy ehgw geeicis`mj prgjuats t`rguf` w`ghmsohm jistrilutgrs
tg t`m bordmtMcsurms t`ot t`m phoct ohwoys bmmts t`m mxpmatmj soemty ocj `moht`stocjorjs .@uboc \
msgurams ocj Ojbic Bocofmr\mspgcsilhm egr gvmrsmmicf t`m sbggt` ruccicf ge @\ ocj ojbicistrotivmtosds egr
t`m grfocizotigcJmeicms ngl pgsitigcs egr rmaruitbmct ocj bocoficf ictmrvimwicf prgamss Aorrims gut
icjuatigc egr cmw tmob bmblmrs\mspgcsilhm egr troicicf, mvohuotigc ocj ossmssbmct ge
mbphgymmsGvmrsmms t`m sbggt` ruccicf ge t`m joihy geeiam ocj eoatgry oativitims.Bmra`ocjizm
BocofmrBocofms vmcjgr rmhotigcs, bordmt visits, ocj t`m gcfgicf mjuaotigc ocjjmvmhgpbmct ge t`m
grfocizotigcs’ luyicf tmobs\mspgcsilhm egr t`m pura`osm ge a`mbiaohs ocj poadoficf botmriohs \mspgcsilhm
egr phoccicf sohms, bgcitgricf icvmctgry, smhmaticf t`mbmra`ocjism, ocj writicf ocj priaicf grjmrs tg
vmcjgrsQohms ocj Bordmticf BocofmrIjmctieims, prigritizms, ocj rmoa`ms gut tg cmw portcmrs, ocj
lusicmssgppgrtucitims mt oh\mspgcsilhm egr supmrvisicf ibphmbmctotigc, ojvgaotm egr t`m austgbmr’scmmjs,
ocj agbbuciaotm wit` ahimcts0

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf AgbpocyJmvmhgps, mxmautms ocj mvohuotms cmw phocs egr mxpocjicf sohms Jgaubmcts ohh
austgbmr agctoat ocj icegrbotigc\mprmsmcts t`m agbpocy ic strotmfia bmmticfs @mhps tg icarmosm sohms ocj
frgwt` egr t`m agbpocyOaaguctoct/Aos`imr\mspgcsilhm egr prmporicf eicocaioh rmpgrts, lujfmts, ocj
eicocaiohstotmbmcts egr t`m grfocizotigc[rgvijms bocofmbmcts wit` eicocaioh ocohysms, jmvmhgpbmct lujfmts,
ocjoaagucticf rmpgrts\mspgcsilhm egr eicocaioh egrmaosticf ocj risds ocohysis. [mregrbs aos` bocofmbmct,
fmcmroh hmjfmr oaagucticf, ocj eicocaiohrmpgrticf\mspgcsilhm egr jmvmhgpicf ocj bocoficf eicocaioh systmbs
ocj pghiaims\mspgcsilhm egr ojbicistmricf poyrghhsMcsuricf agbphiocam wit` toxotigc
hmfishotigc@ocjhms ohh eicocaioh trocsoatigcs egr t`m grfocizotigc Qmrvms os ictmrcoh oujitgr egr t`m
grfocizotigcAhimct Qmrviam MxmautivmVmhagbms fumsts ocj ahimcts ly frmmticf t`mb ic pmrsgc gr gc
t`mtmhmp`gcm4 ocswmricf gr jirmaticf icquirims.Mcsurms t`ot ohh agctoats wit` ahimcts (m-boih, wohd-Ic
amctmr, QBQ gr p`gcm) prgvijms t`m ahimct wit` o pmrsgcohizmj austgbmr smrviammxpmrimcam ge t`m `if`mst
hmvmhZ`rguf` ictmroatigc wit` ahimcts gc t`m p`gcm, usms mvmry gppgrtucity tg luihj ahimct’s ictmrmst ic t`m
agbpocy’s prgjuats ocj smrviams9

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf AgbpocyBocofms ojbicistrotivm jutims ossifcmj ly t`m bocofmr ic oc meemativmocj tibmhy
boccmr Agcsistmcthy stoys olrmost ge ocy cmw icegrbotigc gc t`m agbpocy’s prgjuats, prgbgtigcoh aobpoifcs
mta. tg mcsurm oaaurotm ocj `mhpeuhicegrbotigc is supphimj tg ahimcts \mamivms poramhs / jgaubmcts egr t`m
agbpocyJistrilutms boihs ic t`m grfocizotigc[rgjuatigc Vgrdmrs/Boa`icm Gpmrotgrs> Gpmrotms t`m a`mbiaoh
bixmr, vmssmhs, arystohizicf boa`icms, lurcmr ocjagcvmygr lmht systmb mt oh. Ossists ic poadoficf ocj hgojicf
hiquij sgop prgjuats ictg jistrilutigctruadsJistrilutigc Zruad Jrivmrs Ossists ic hgojicf ocj uchgojicf hiquij sgop
prgjuatsBoictoics o hgflggd ge t`mir jrivicf oativitims tg mcsurm agbphiocam wit`emjmroh rmfuhotigcs
fgvmrcicf t`m rmst ocj wgrd pmrigjs egr gpmrotgrs.Dmmps o rmagrj ge vm`iahm icspmatigcs ocj bodm surm t`m
truad is mquippmjwit` soemty mquipbmctOssists t`m trocspgrt ocj hgfistias bocofmr ic phoccicf t`mir
rgutmoaagrjicf tg o jmhivmry sa`mjuhm.Hgaoh-jmhivmry jrivmrs boy lm rmquirmj tg smhh prgjuats gr smrviams
tgstgrms ocj lusicmssms gc t`mir rgutmIcspmats vm`iahms egr bma`ociaoh ocj soemty issums ocj pmregrb
prmvmctotivm boictmcocam?;

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf AgbpocyAgbphy wit` truad jrivicf ruhms ocj rmfuhotigcs (sizm, wmif`t, rgutmjmsifcotigcs,

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 pordicf, lrmod pmrigjs mta.) os wmhh os wit` agbpocy pghiaims ocj prgamjurms Aghhmats ocj vmrieims
jmhivmry icstruatigcs\mpgrts jmemats, oaaijmcts gr vighotigcs1.;QVGZ OCOHYQIQZ`mrm orm smvmroh
hiquij sgop bocueoaturicf agbpocims ic Cifmrio w`ia` is w`ywm orm eghhgwicf t`m jum prgamss ge mstolhis`icf o
lusicmss tg agbpmtmeovgurolhm wit` t`mb. Vm dcgw t`ot ie o prgpmr QVGZ ocohysis is agcjuatmjegr gur
lusicmss, wm wihh pgsitigc gur lusicmss tg boxibizm gur strmcft`,hmvmrofm gc t`m gppgrtucitims t`ot wihh lm
ovoiholhm tg us, bitifotm gur risds ocj lm mquippmj tg agcergct gur t`rmots.Z`is is t`m subbory ge t`m QVGZ
ocohysis t`ot wos agcjuatmj gur Qgop &Jmtmrfmct [rgjuatigc Agbpocy>Qtrmcft`>[ort ge w`ot is fgicf tg aguct os
pgsitivms egr Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy is t`mvost mxpmrimcam ge gur bocofmbmct tmob, wm `ovm pmgphm gc
lgorj w`g orm`if`hy mxpmrimcamj gc `gw tg frgw o lusicmss. Qg ohsg, gur ahgsmcmss tg hmojicfahmocicf
a`mbiaoh prgjuatigc agbpocims, horfm cotigcoh jistrilutigc cmtwgrdocj ge agursm gur mxamhhmct austgbmr
smrviam auhturm wihh aguct os o strgcfstrmcft` egr t`m lusicmss. Vmodcmss>O bongr wmodcmss t`ot boy aguct
ofoicst us is t`m eoat t`ot wm orm o cmw hiquijsgop prgjuatigc agbpocy ocj wm jgc’t `ovm t`m eicocaioh aopoaity
tg mcfofm ict`m dicj ge pulhiaity t`ot wm ictmcj fivicf t`m lusicmss.??

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf AgbpocyGppgrtucitims>Z`m gppgrtucitims ovoiholhm tg hiquij sgop prgjuats bocueoaturicf

agbpocimsorm mcgrbgus lmaousm ohbgst ohh Cifmriocs bodm usm ge hiquij sgop w`mcwos`icf. Os o rmsuht ge
t`ot, wm tg pgsitigc gur lusicmss tg todm ojvoctofm ge t`mmxisticf bordmt tg armotm gur gwc cmw bordmt. Vm
dcgw t`ot it is fgicf tgrmquirms `orj wgrd, ocj wm orm jmtmrbicmj tg oa`imvm it. Z`rmot>Gcm ge t`m bongr
t`rmots t`ot wm orm hidmhy fgicf tg eoam is magcgbia jgwcturcocj uceovgurolhm fgvmrcbmct pghiaims. Ocgt`mr
t`rmot t`ot boy hidmhy agcergctus is t`m orrivoh ge o cmw prgjuatigc agbpocy ic sobm hgaotigc w`mrm gurs
ishgaotmj.:.;EICOCAIOH [\GNMAZIGCQgurams ge IcagbmLmhgw orm t`m sgurams ge icagbm, wm ictmcj tg
mxphgrm tg fmcmrotm icagbm>Qmhhicf ge hiquij sgops@gbm ocj geeiam jmhivmry ge gur prgjuat:.?BO\
DMZICF [HOCO bordmticf phoc is o agbprm`mcsivm jgaubmct gr lhumprict t`ot guthicms t`mojvmrtisicf ocj
bordmticf meegrts egr t`m agbicf ymor. It jmsarilms lusicmssoativitims icvghvmj ic oaagbphis`icf spmaieia
bordmticf glnmativms wit`ic o smttibm erobm.Z`is icvghvms t`m eghhgwicf>Eicocaioh joto?<

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy[rgjuat jotoQohms ocj jistrilutigcOjvmrtisicf, sohms prgbgtigc Bordmt jotoZg
jmvmhgp o fggj bordmt strotmfy, t`m eghhgwicf bust lm put ic phoam> Z`m prgjuat Z`m agst Z`m torfmt

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 bordmtsZ`m jistrilutigc a`occmhsOjvmrtismbmct:.<EICOCAIOH [\GNMAZIGCQ OCJ AGQZICFV`mc it
agbms tg aohauhoticf t`m agst ge storticf o agbbmraioh eost eggjagbpocy, t`mrm orm sgbm dmy eoatgrs t`ot s`guhj
lm cgtmj. Z`m jieemrmct typm ge jis`ms tg lm smrvmj jmtmrbicms t`m tgtoh agst ge smhhicf t`m lusicmss. Z`m
obgucttg hmosm/luy oarms hocj ic Odwo Ilgb Qtotm, t`m obguct mquipbmcts ocjaggdicf botmriohs, t`m obguct tg
poy os sohorims tg wgrdmrs, agst ge ojvmrtismbmct ic jieemrmct rojig ocj tmhmvisigc stotigcs ocj `gw wijmhy
oaamptmjgur prgjuats orm.:.1QZO\Z-][ L]JFMZ OCJ MP[MCJIZ]\MZ`m obguct /agst wihh jmpmcj gc t`m
opprgoa` ocj saohm ygu woct tg ucjmrtodm.Z`m stort-up aoc mit`mr lm hgw gr `if` jmpmcjicf gc sgbmgcm fgohs>
visigc ocjospirotigc egr t`m lusicmss. Z`m tgghs ocj mquipbmct t`ot wihh lm usmj orm cmorhyt`m sobm agst
mvmryw`mrm.Lmhgw orm sgbm losia ormos wm wihh spmcj gr stort-up aopitoh ic smtticf up gur \mstouroct>?1

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf AgbpocyQtort-up\mquirmbmcts\mfistrotigc ge t`m lusicmssHmfoh mxpmcsms ocj

hiamcsmsIcsurocamAgst ge rmctmj eoaihity egr o ymor Gpmrotigcoh agst egr t`m eirst 1 bgct`s (sohorims
gembphgymms, poybmcts ge lihhs)Z`m agst egr agcstruatigc ge o stocjorj hiquij sgop prgjuatigc phoctAgst egr
stgrm mquipbmct (aos` rmfistmr, smaurity,vmctihotigc, sifcofm)Agst ge pura`osm ge jistrilutigc truad Agst ge
houca`icf o wmlsitmBisamhhocmgus Obguct (C)=;,;;;1=,;;;:;,;;;?<;,;;;<;;,;;;<=;,;;;<=,;;;=;;,;;;=;,;;;?;,;;;Zgtoh \
mquirmbmcts?,<0;,;;;?:

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf AgbpocyFgicf ly t`m rmpgrt ergb jmtoihmj rmsmora` ocj emosilihity stujims agcjuatmj,wm wihh
cmmj oc ovmrofm sub geC?,<0;,;;;=.;BO\DMZ OCOHYQIQ Q]BBO\Y=.?Bordmt Zrmcj>Ie ygu orm agcvmrsoct
wit` trmcjs ic t`m icjustry, ygu wihh quitm ofrmm t`otjmspitm t`m eoat t`ot t`mrm orm agbpmtitigcs ic jieemrmct
stofms ge t`m icjustry,bgst hiquij sgops prgjuatigc agbpocy orm hmvmroficf gc armotivity ic tmrbs ge poadoficf ocj
bordmticf tg agcticum tg stoy oehgot.Hosthy, gur hiquij sgop agbpocy wihh ojgpt mag - erimcjhy opprgoa` tgworjs
t`m prgjuatigc ocj poadoficf ge its prgjuats. Os o bottmr ge eoat, t`m ojgptigc gemag-erimcjhy proatiams wihh
hidmhy pmrsuojm mcvirgcbmctohhy agcsaigusagcsubmrs tg luy its prgjuats.=.<Zorfmt BordmtV`mc it agbms tg
smhhicf hiquij sgop, t`mrm is icjmmj o wijm rocfm ge ovoiholhmaustgbmrs. Vm orm ic lusicmss tg mcfofm ic
w`ghmsohm jistrilutigc ocj tg rmtoihgur hiquij sgop tg t`m eghhgwicf frgups ge pmgphm4 Agbbmraioh ahmocicf
agbpocims@gtmhs@gspitohsHoucjrims ocj Houcjrgbots@gusm`ghj?=
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Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy<;%?5%<:%0%1?%<%Bordmt Qmfbmcto gcAgbbmraioh ahmocicf

agbpocims@gmhs@gspiohsHoucjrims ocj Houcjrgbos@gusm`ghjsG`mrs=.1AgbpmtitigcO quiad
prmvimw ge t`m icjustry rmvmohs t`ot t`m bordmt `os lmagbm bua` bgrmictmcsmhy agbpmtitivm gvmr t`m host
jmaojm. Os o bottmr ge eoat, ygu bust lm`if`hy armotivm, austgbmr amctria ocj prgoativm ie ygu bust survivm ic
t`isicjustry. Vm orm oworm ge t`m agbpmtitigc ocj wm orm prmpormj tg agbpmtmeovgurolhy wit` gt`mr hiquij
sgop prgjuatigc agbpocims ic Odwo Ilgb Qtotm.[ort ge w`ot is fgicf tg aguct os agbpmtitivm ojvoctofm egr us is t`m
vostmxpmrimcam ge gur bocofmbmct tmob. Qg ohsg, ahgsmcmss tg sgbm ge t`m horfmstahmocicf a`mbiaoh
bocueoaturicf phocts, gur horfm ocj eor rmoa`icf cotigcohjistrilutigc cmtwgrd ocj ge agursm gur mxamhhmct
austgbmr smrviam auhturm wihhaguct os o strgcf strmcft` egr t`m lusicmss.Hosthy, gur mbphgymms wihh lm
wmhh todmc aorm ge, ocj t`mir wmheorm poadofm wihh lm obgcf t`m lmst wit`ic gur aotmfgry ic t`m icjustry,
bmocicf t`ot t`my wihh lmbgrm t`oc wihhicf tg luihj t`m lusicmss wit` us ocj `mhp jmhivmr gur smt fgohsocj
glnmativms. Vm wihh ohsg fivm fggj wgrdicf agcjitigcs ocj agbbissigcs tgermmhocam sohms ofmcts t`ot wm wihh
rmaruit ergb tibm tg tibm.=.:Bordmticf strotmfy?5

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf AgbpocyLmegrm a`ggsicf o hgaotigc tg stort Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy ocj t`m dicj gehiquij sgop
prgjuats tg prgjuam, wm agcjuatmj o t`grguf` bordmt survmy ocjemosilihity stujims egr us tg pmcmtrotm t`m
ovoiholhm bordmt ic gur torfmt bordmthgaotigc.Vm `ovm jmtoihmj icegrbotigc ocj joto t`ot wm wmrm olhm tg
utihizm tg struaturmgur lusicmss tg ottroat t`m cublmr ge austgbmrs wm woct ocj egr gur prgjuats tgeovgurolhm
agbpmtm wit` gt`mr hmojicf lrocjs ic Cifmrio.Ic subbory, Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy wihh ojgpt t`m eghhgwicf
sohms ocjbordmticf opprgoa` tg smhh gur hiquij sgop4Ictrgjuam gur hiquij sgop lrocj ly smcjicf ictrgjuatgry
hmttmrs tgrmsijmcts, bmra`octs, rmtoihmrs ocj gt`mr stodm`ghjmrs ic Mdmt - OdwoIlgb QtotmMcfofm ic
rgojs`gws ic torfmtmj agbbucitims ergb tibm tg tibm tg smhhgur prgjuats Ojvmrtism gur prgjuats ic agbbucity-
losmj cmwspopmrs, hgaoh ZU ocjrojig stotigcsHist gur lusicmss ocj prgjuats gc ymhhgw pofms’ ojs (hgaoh
jirmatgrims)Hmvmrofm gc t`m ictmrcmt tg prgbgtm gur hiquij sgop lrocj Mcfofm ic jirmat bordmticf ocj
sohmsMcagurofm t`m usm ge wgrj ge bgut` bordmticf (rmemrrohs)=.=[oybmct GptigcsZ`m poybmct pghiay
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 ojgptmj ly Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy is ohh icahusivm lmaousm wm orm quitm oworm t`ot jieemrmct austgbmrs
prmemr jieemrmct poybmctgptigcs os it suits t`mb lut ot t`m sobm tibm, wm wihh mcsurm t`ot wm olijm ly
t`meicocaioh ruhms ocj rmfuhotigc ge Cifmrio.?6

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy@mrm orm t`m poybmct gptigcs t`ot Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy wihh bodmovoiholhm tg
`mr ahimcts4[oybmct vio locd trocsemr [oybmct wit` aos` [oybmct vio armjit aorjs / [gict ge Qohm Boa`icms
([GQ Boa`icms)[oybmct vio gchicm locd trocsemr [oybmct vio a`mad [oybmct vio bglihm bgcmy trocsemr
[oybmct vio locd jroetIc vimw ge t`m olgvm, wm `ovm a`gsmc locdicf photegrbs t`ot wihh mcolhm gurahimcts
bodm poybmct wit`gut ocy strmss gc t`mir port.5.;EICOCAIOH ICJIAOZG\Q5.?QG]\AM GE AO[IZOH-[mrsgcoh
sovicfs-Hgoc5.<[\GEG\BO EG\AOQZMJ OCJ [\GNMAZIGC[rgegrbo egrmaost is o eicocaioh egrmaost losmj gc
icagbm stotmbmct, lohocams`mmt ocj aos` egrb. Z`is eirb is mxpmatmj tg fmcmrotm =;;,;;; pmr wmmd oetmrt`m
eirst smvmc bgct`s t`mrmoetmr boylm bgrm t`oc t`ot os t`m agbpocy foics pgpuhority wit` icarmosicf austgbmrs.5.1
[\GEG\BO [\GEIZ OCJ HGQQMP[MCQMQ\mct ?<;,;;;Mquipbmct/Mxpmcsms95;,;;;[mrsgccmh Qohory<;;,;;;?0

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Jmtgps Ahmocicf Agbpocy[\GEG\BO [\GEIZ OCJ HGQQymor?ymor<ymor1Frgss

prgeit:,<;;,;;;5,;;;,;;;6,=;;,;;;Mxpmcsms?,<0;,;;;?,=;;,;;;?,;;;,;;; Cmt prgeit<,9<;,;<;:,=;;,;;;5,=;;,;;;6.;AGCAH]QIGCZ`is
lusicmss prgnmat wihh tg lm `mhpeuh tg ohh. Vm wmrm olhm tg phoc ocj wm’rmhggdicf egrworj tg mxmauticf o
lusicmss t`guf` wit` hitthm prgeit ot eirst. Ergbt`m rmpgrt, wm `ovm hmorct o hgt olgut t`m prgamss ge storticf up o
lusicmss. Vmfoicmj o hgt ge mxpmrimcam `gw tg `ocjhm t`m lusicmss os wmhh os t`m gpmrotigcocj w`ot o
lusicmss bust ucjmrfg tg lmagbm suaamsseuh ly agcjuaticf t`isrmpgrt. Ic ojjitigc, wm `ovm ohsg hmorct olgut t`m
risd wm `ovm tg eoam ocj `gwtg gvmragbm t`m risds. Z`rguf` pmrsmvmrocam ocj `orj wgrd, wm
wmrmsuaamsseuh tg oa`imvm gur lujfm

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