Analysis, Interpretation and

Use of Test Data

Engr. MITHCLUKE DL. SARMIENTO
Learning Objective:
• analyze, interpret and use the data applying using Central Tendency
 Analysis, Interpretation and Use of Test
Data
• Measures of Central Tendency;
• Measures of Variability;
• Measures of Position and;
• Measures of Covariability
 Central Tendency
• is a value that describes to which a set of data will likely fall
 Measures of Central Tendency
• Mean • 𝜇 – “myu” or 𝑋
• Median • 𝑋
• Mode • 𝑋
 Measures of Central Tendency
• Mean • 𝜇 – “myu” or 𝑋
• Median • 𝑋
• Mode • 𝑋
 Measures of Central Tendency
• Mean • is the average of a set data
• Median • is the value of the middle when all
elements in a se of data area
arranged in ascending order
• Mode
• is defined as the element in a set
ofdata that has most number of
frequencies
 Datas

Ungrouped Data Grouped Data

are set of values not grouped per lass refers to a summary of values
interval grouped into numbers of class
intervals in which of values that fall
per given class interval is counted
 Data’s
Ungrouped Data Ungrouped Data
Class Interval Class Frequency
All the Grades of James in Engineering 10 – 2 0 5
Course 21 – 31 10
Mathematical Analysis 90 32 – 42 11
World Literature 78 43 – 53 7
54 – 64 23
Discrete Math 92
65 – 75 56
Calculus-Based Physics 89
76 – 86 6
Engineering Economy 96 87 – 97 8
98 – 108 4
 Mean 1. Used 𝑋 =
𝑥1 +𝑥2 + ...𝑥𝑛−1 +𝑥𝑛
𝑁
=
𝑁
𝑥

2. Add all the data

All the Grades of James in Engineering
Course 3. Divide the sum of all the values in a
Mathematical Analysis 90 data by the total elements in a given data
World Literature 78
𝑥 445
Discrete Math 92 4. 𝑋 = 𝑁
= 5
= 89
Calculus-Based Physics 89
Engineering Economy 96
 1. Identify the location of the median
Median element using the given formula:
𝑛+1
𝑋= 2
All the Grades of James in Engineering
Course
2. Arranged the data in ascending order:
Mathematical Analysis 90
78, 89, 90, 92, 96
World Literature 78
𝑛+1 5+1
Discrete Math 92 3. 𝑋 = 2
= 2
=3
Calculus-Based Physics 89
Engineering Economy 96
 1. Identify the location of the median
Median element using the given formula:
𝑛+1
𝑋 = 2 (if number of sample is even)
or middle value (if the number of
181 211 195 189 200 206 195 188 189 sample is odd)
2. Arranged the data in ascending order:
181 ,188,189,189,195,195,200,206,211

3. 𝑋 = 𝑛+1
2
=
9+1
2
=
10
2
=5
 1. List down all the values and their
corresponding frequencies
Value Frequency
Mode 181
211
1
1
195 2
181 211 195 189 200 206 195 188 189 189 2
200 1
206 1
188 1
N=9

2. Mode = 195 and 189

 Mean
The data shown are the scores in Statistics • Determine the Range (R)
exam. Find the mean score of the 30 students if
9 class intervals shall be used in grouping the 𝑅 = 𝐻𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
data. 𝑅 = 90 − 47 = 43
47 65 8 65 68 55 • Determine the desired number of Class
Interval (CI)
56 69 61 75 71 67
𝐶𝐼 = 9
61 87 50 74 49 66
• Determine the Class Size (i)
49 89 77 75 79 85 𝑖 = 𝑅 ÷ 𝐶𝐼
68 90 57 63 54 90 𝑖 = 43 ÷ 9 = 4.78 = 5
 Mean
The data shown are the scores in Statistics • Construct Frequency Distribution Table
exam. Find the mean score of the 30 students if
9 class intervals shall be used in grouping the • Make the class interval.
data. Class Interval Class Frequency (f)

47 65 8 65 68 55 47 – 51
52 – 56
56 69 61 75 71 67
57 – 61
61 87 50 74 49 66 62 – 66
49 89 77 75 79 85 67 – 71
72 – 76
68 90 57 63 54 90
77 – 81
82 – 86
87 – 91
Determine the class frequency
Class Interval Class Frequency (f) Class Mark (x) fx

47 – 51 4
52 – 56 3
57 – 61 3
62 – 66 4
367 – 71 5
712 – 76 3
77 – 81 3
82 – 86 1
87 – 91 4

𝑓 = 𝑁 = 30 𝑓𝑥 = _______
Determine the value of x per class interval
Class Interval Class Frequency (f) Class Mark (x) fx

47 – 51 4 49
52 – 56 3 54
57 – 61 3 59
62 – 66 4 64
367 – 71 5 69
712 – 76 3 74
77 – 81 3 79
82 – 86 1 84
87 – 91 4 89

𝑓 = 𝑁 = 30 𝑓𝑥 =
Determine the value of fx per class interval
Class Interval Class Frequency (f) Class Mark (x) fx

47 – 51 4 49 196
52 – 56 3 54 192
57 – 61 3 59 177
62 – 66 4 64 256
367 – 71 5 69 345
712 – 76 3 74 222
77 – 81 3 79 237
82 – 86 1 84 84
87 – 91 4 89 356

𝑓 = 𝑁 = 30 𝑓𝑥 = 2031
Compute for the mean
Class Interval Class Frequency Class Mark (x) fx
(f) 𝑓𝑥
47 – 51 4 49 196 𝜇=
𝑁
52 – 56 3 54 162
57 – 61 3 59 177
62 – 66 4 64 256 2035
𝜇= = 67.83
367 – 71 5 69 345 30
712 – 76 3 74 222
77 – 81 3 79 237
82 – 86 1 84 84
87 – 91 4 89 356

𝑓 = 𝑁 = 30 𝑓𝑥 = 2035
 Median
The data shown are the scores in Statistics • Construct Frequency Distribution Table
exam. Find the mean score of the 30 students if
9 class intervals shall be used in grouping the • Make the class interval.
data. Class Interval Class Frequency (f)

47 65 8 65 68 55 47 – 51
52 – 56
56 69 61 75 71 67
57 – 61
61 87 50 74 49 66 62 – 66

49 89 77 75 79 85 67 – 71
72 – 76
68 90 57 63 54 90 77 – 81
82 – 86
87 – 91
Determine the class frequency
Class Interval Class Frequency (f) < Cumulative
Frequency

47 – 51 4
52 – 56 3
57 – 61 3
62 – 66 4
67 – 71 5
72 – 76 3
77 – 81 3
82 – 86 1
87 – 91 4

𝑓 = 𝑁 = 30
Determine the < Cumulative Frequency
Class Interval Class Frequency (f) < Cumulative
Frequency
47 – 51 4 4
52 – 56 3 7
57 – 61 3 10
62 – 66 4 14
67 – 71 5 19
72 – 76 3 22
77 – 81 3 25
82 – 86 1 26
87 – 91 4 30

𝑓 = 𝑁 = 30
Determine the < Cumulative Frequency
Class Interval Class Frequency < Cumulative
(f) Frequency • Solve for M
47 – 51 4 4 𝑁
• 𝑀=2
52 – 56 3 7
30
57 – 61 3 10 • 𝑀= 2
= 15
62 – 66 4 14
67 – 71 5 19
72 – 76 3 22
77 – 81 3 25
82 – 86 1 26
87 – 91 4 30

𝑓 = 𝑁 = 30
Determine the < Cumulative Frequency
Class Interval Class Frequency < Cumulative
(f) Frequency • Lower class boundary of
47 – 51 4 4 the median class
52 – 56 3 7 • 𝑋𝐿𝐵 = 66.5
57 – 61 3 10
• Class size
62 – 66 4 14
67 – 71 5 19 • i=5
72 – 76 3 22 • < Cumulative Frequency
77 – 81 3 25 • <cfb = 14
82 – 86 1 26
87 – 91 4 30
• Median of the Class
frequency (fm)
𝑓 = 𝑁 = 30
• fm = 5
Determine the < Cumulative Frequency
• Lower class boundary of 𝑁
− <𝑐𝑓𝑏
the median class • 𝑋 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + 𝑖 2
𝑓𝑚

• 𝑋𝐿𝐵 = 66.5 30
−14
• Class size • 𝑋 = 66.5 + 5 2
5

• i=5 • 𝑋 = 67.5
• < Cumulative Frequency • 𝑋 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + 𝑖
𝑓𝑚−𝑓𝑚𝑏
2𝑓𝑚−𝑓𝑚𝑎−𝑓𝑚𝑏
• <cfb = 14
5−4
• Median of the Class
• 𝑋 = 66.5 + 5 2 5 −3−4
frequency (fm) • 𝑋 = 68.17
• fm = 5