Report on

“MICROZONATIONANALYSIS OFAMULTI STORYBUILDING USING

TOPOSHEETBASED ON LOCALGRID”

Submitted to
Prof. Gauhar Mahmood Sir
By

Mahmood Hussain

M.Tech (Earthquake Engineering) Department of Civil engineering

Name of Department- Department of Civil Engineering

Name of University- Jamia MiIlia University
Data required –
Toposheet of India
Toposheet of state/district
Toposheet of the project site
Population dense data
Rainfall map (Pre/Post) Mansoon
Flood mapping data
Depth of the water level data
Rock depth level
Soil Testing report
Vegetation density and pattern
Seismic vulnerability data

Area of Research work/ Methodology

❖ INFORMATION ON TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS

❖ Name of State and District
❖ Location in terms of latitude and Longitude
❖ Scale
❖ Magnetic declination
❖ Conventional signs
❖ Date of issue and revision of toposheet.
❖ Type of landforms such as general slope, hills, valleys etc.
❖ Drainage – Important rivers and tributaries , drainagepattern
❖ Vegetation – Type of forest and type of trees and their distribution.
❖ Forest location and area covered
❖ Wild life sanctuaries and area covered
❖ Land Use cultivated land, waste land and other uses
❖ Means of irrigation – Canal, wells and tanks etc
❖ Communication – Railway, roadways, Bridges, cart track, Telephone lines,
Transmission lines, airport, seaport etc.
❖ Settlement – Urban centers, their sizes, rural settlement their pattern
Greater Noida
Projectlocation
Toposheet of Ghaziabad
Location Aerial View with elevation with respect to MSL

Toposheet of project Site location

Population Dense Data

As per the provisional data of the 2011 census, Greater Noida had a population of
107,676, with 58,662 males and 49,014 females. The literacy rate was 86.54%,
91.48% of males and 80.65% of females.
District Ghaziabad is situated in the middle of Ganga-Yamuna doab and spreads over
1966 sq Km. It is bounded by longitude 770 12' 780 13' latitude 280 26' 280 2.0 and is
underlain by Quaternary sediments.

The district is administratively divided into 4 tehsil and is further divided into 8
development blocks.
The total population as per 2001 census is 33,14070. The density of population is
1995 per sq km. District at Ghaziabad is drained by river Yamuna and Ganga and their
tributaries namely Hindon and Kali, Minor distributaries of Kali Nadi being Hawa drain
Chhoiya Nala and Chhoiya Nadi.
As per Map of Noida (master plan 2031), Noida has a total of 163 Sectors.

At present, the numbering of Sectors in Noida starts from Sector 1 to Sector 168. As
of Now Sector 13, Sector 103, Sector 109, Sector 114, and Sector 111 do not exist. So
we have a total of 163 sectors as per Master Plan Map. Now let’s understand the
Noida Map in detail.
Map of Noida is categorised & marked as following
Residential – Light Yellow
Residential High Density – Yellow with strips
Village Abadi – Dark Yellow
Institutional – Blue Industry
– Purple with Dots
SEZ – Purple with Strips
Commercial – Red
Agriculture – Green Strips
Wholesale/ Warehousing – Red with Checks
Transportation – Grey with Checks
Greens (Recreational, Park & playgrounds)
Rainfall data Pattern

The Climate of Ghaziabad is similar to Baghpat district which is Sub humid to

subtropical climate with maximum and minimum temperature is 420C and 4.50C
respectively.

The normal annual rainfall of the district is 750.3 mm shown in figure The maximum
deviation occurs during south west monsoon which is 72% for the month of June.

The rainfall in the area is mainly due to southwest monsoon and nearly 80 to 85% of
the annual rains occurs between July and September. Remaining 15% to 20% 7 rain is
distributed unevenly, some times rain also occurs between January and March.
The normal Annual rainfall of the district has been reported to be 731 mm based on
data from 1901 to 1970.
There is a large variation in rainfall in space and time. The district is endowed with
typical climate with extremes in summer as in winters.
Eastern UP had 846.7 mm rainfall, 1% above normal. Two districts had Large Excess
Rainfall (Mirzapur (1370 mm, 61% above normal, the highest rainfall in the region),
and Santravidasnagar (1216.7 mm, 60% above normal), 8 districts had excess rain, 23
districts had Normal rain and remaining 9 districts had deficit rain.

Kanpur Dehat, with 274.6 mm rainfall, had the lowest rainfall in this region,
experiencing massive 59% deficit, the highest in the region. Totally 12 districts had
over 1000 mm rainfall.

Western UP had much lower 527.4 mm rainfall, with 27% deficit. Ghaziabad (146.1
mm, 73% below normal, the lowest rainfall of the state), Shamli (170 mm, 72%
deficit) and Pilibhit (371.9 mm, 60% deficit) at Large Deficits. Only Hamirpur had
Excess rain at 917 mm, 27% above normal, it had the highest rainfall in the region.
18 districts were in Deficit category and 11 in Normal rain category.
Hydrological Map of Project Site Area
Rainfall Distribution of project site area
Flood Mapping data of Greater Noida-

Rivers Yamuna and Hindon, though important ecological features of the notified areas
of Gautam Buddha Nagar are prone to possible flood hazards.
Noida is particularly prone, since it essentially was part of the river basins of Yamuna
and Hindon which were reclaimed for development by constructing embankment.
It is the low lying and likely to face large scale flooding in the event of a breach in one
of the embankments – along Yamuna or Hindon

Main Causes of Floods in Delhi-Noida and Greater Noida Areas

The flooding in Delhi and NOIDA is, by and large, influenced by discharges from Tajewala head
works. In the event of heavy rain in areas upstream of Tajewala, excess water is released
downstream thereby causing floods in the downstream areas. However, in the recent years even
moderate rainfall has resulted in local floods.
A major reason for these local floods is high rate of runoff from urban areas which have been 33
continuously growing at a very rapid rate. This problem of local floods is expected to aggravate in
NCT of Delhi, Noida and Greater Noida areas because, almost the entire area is likely to get
urbanized by 2021 leaving very little scope for open and soft landscape surfaces, which help in
absorbing runoffs and soften the impact of floods.
Flood Risks due to River Yamuna
Flood Risk due to River Hindon
Existing Embankments
Flooding in NOIDA drain, Gautam Buddha Nagar
Design Flood Discharge –Okhla Barrage
Flood Protection and Drainage Work around the project site area
Different Block with resources distribution over the area of project site-

Depth of water table map

Depth to water level maps, for pre-monsoon and post monsoon periods prepared
by CGWB for Gautam Buddha Nagar District have revealed that the entire area can
be divided into different zones on the basis of depth to water ranges. Fairly a large
area has shallow to moderate depth towater.
Water level in unconfined aquifer ranges from 3.35 to 14.40 m bgl during pre-
monsoon period and from 2.00m to 13.95 mbgl during post monsoon period. Deeper
water levels (> 9 mbgl) also occur along Yamuna River perhaps indicating that the
water levels are deepening towards river

Seasonal Water level fluctuation-

Seasonal water level fluctuation as recorded by CGWB reveals that majority of wells
show water levels elevated during post monsoon period.
 (Pre-monsoon Depth to water level during May'2007): 3.35 to 14.40 mbgl (Post-
monsoon Depth to water level during Nov'2007): 2.00 to 13.35 mbgl.
The rise in water levels range between 0.12 to 3.69m. In some wells however, decline
in water levels have been reported during post monsoon period in the range of 2.76
to .09m. It transpires that such areas have moderate to low recharge over the
ground water draft during the period.
Index Map of Project site District
Depth to water Level Map of Project site (Pre-mansoon)

Depth to water Level Map of Project site (Post-mansoon)

Water Level Map of Project site (Pre-mansoon)

Water Level Map of Project site (Post-mansoon)

Rock depth level-
The major part of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) is covered by Gangatic alluvium in the north whereas the
southern part is covered by peninsular terrain. The Peninsular part of Uttar Pradesh is covered by
the rocks of Archean to Mesozoic age.
This peninsular part covered by the Bundelkhand Craton, its nuclei mostly composed of Archean
granitoids show heterogeneity in texture and composition, intruded by later phase of magmatic
activity. The oldest unit, Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex (BGC) is exposed in the south and
southwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, whereas the comparatively younger unit Dudhi Gneissic
Complex (DGC) exposed in south and southestern part of Uttar Pradesh, which overlies by the
Mahakoshal Group in Sonbhadra and Mirzapur district.

The Mahrauni Group occurs as sliced unit between BGC and Bijawars and has the
thrusted contact with BGC. The exposures of the rocks of Mahrauni Group are very
scanty and exposed around Girar, Manpura and Rajaula areas of Mandawra block in
Lalitpur district.
 The Bijawar Group is exposed around Sonrai area district Lalitpur of Uttar Pradesh.
The rocks of Ajabgarh Group rocks are exposed in Mathura district. These groups-
Bijawar, Mahakoshal and Ajabgarh are metasedimentary/metavolcanics unit and
belong to Delhi Supergroup, which is capped by the sedimentary units of Vindhyan
Supergroup, and exposed mainly in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh and a very few
exposures in the west.
The comparatively younger unit, Gondwanas is exposed only in south and
southeastern part of U.P. mainly in Sonbhadra.
The few exposures of Deccan Trap are also traced in Lalitpur district in the south of
U.P. The northern part of U.P. is alluvium covered which belongs to Quaternary
period. These quaternary sediments are classified in to older alluvium, newer
alluvium and Aeolian younger sediments of upper Pleistocene-Holocene age.
These sediments unconfomably lies over and undulating basement of the rocks of
Delhi Supergroup of Proterozoic age. The older alluvium comprises fine grained, well
compacted and more mature sediments occupying extensive stretches at relatively
higher elevations.
The Older Alluvium is classified in to Banda Older Alluvium and Vanarasi Older
alluvium.
Banda Older Alluvium (BOA) exposed around the rivers flowing. Varanasi Older
Alluvium (VOA) exposed beyond the river basinal margins

Soil types-
The soil ranges from pure sand to stiff clays and including all combination of the two
extreme litho units. The pure sand is called Bhur and clay is called Matiar.
The mixture of sand and clay in equal proportion forms Dumat or loam, a good
agriculture soil. Several subcategories of Dumat are possible depending upon the
contents of clay and sand.
The bad land patches (Kallor) which are ingested with Reh at places do not support
any vegetation growth. Alluvial soils occurring in flood plain of rivers is called Kemp
which yield good crops. Kankars invariably associated with clay and at times retards
ground water movement.
Soil Pattern Distribution over the project Site Area

Figure- Block 68 represents the project site location

Soil Distribution pattern map of project site

Slope Profile of project site area

Vegetation density and pattern
The district has five moderately-dense forests, which have a density of 70%-40%, while 15 are open
forests with a density of 49%-10%. The Uttar Pradesh government had last month directed all the
district centres of the state to plant trees, setting a target of 22 crore plants for the financial year
2019-20.

The planning area is bounded by river Hindon in the east and Yamuna in the west,
both flowing southwards. Apart from these two main rivers, the area has a number of
drains, which are perennial as well as non-perennial in nature. Hence, it is natural
that all the drainage channels follow the northeast to southwest slope. Both Hindon
and Yamuna rivers are in mature stage.
One left out channel of Hindon, non-perennial in character, is found roughly in the
central part of the area, near Sharfabad village. The storm water from Noida area
drains mainly in the river Yamuna and partially in Hindon.
Apart from rivers Hindon and Yamuna, the planning area possesses a number of
drains and ponds. In the north-western portion of the existing city of Noida, a major
manmade drain, namely, the Hindon cut is flowing which is used by the irrigation
authorities to carry the water of river Hindon into Yamuna.
This cut merges with the river Yamuna near the North - western boundary of the
township. Two other major drains exist in the area. One flows through the Sectors 14,
15 and 16 and falls into the river Yamuna beyond Okhala Barrage. This drain is
 known as Shahdra drain and it carries drain water of East Delhi and Shahdra into the
Yamuna.
The other drain, namely Noida Drain flows in the southern part of the area and finally
falls into the river Yamuna upstream of the Yamuna Hindon confluence point near
sector - 168. This drain is presently being used as an outfall channel for drains
servicing the most parts of Noida city.

Seismic Vulnerability-
Noida and Greater Noida are situated in the highly vulnerable Seismic Zone IV,
where earthquakes of high magnitude might strike anytime

Project site
location
Seismic Vulnerability representation through intensity of earthquake

Project sites comes in severe region so we have to take care of special

attention of structure
Wind Vulnerability of Project Site
Earthquake Hazard Vulnerability of Project Site
Seismic Hazard Vulnerability of Project Site

Project site
Seismic Epicentre Hazard Vulnerability of Project Site
Seismic Hazard Vulnerability of Project Site

Project
site

Conclusion-
As we have seen from the above data Greater Noida (Project site located)are situated in the highly
vulnerable Seismic Zone IV, where earthquakes of high magnitude might strike anytime. This is not
the only way of vulnerability there is flood and wind vulnerability also as we have seen in above
Map so we have to give special take care of project with respect to earthwuake,flood,wind,bearing
capacity of soil,rainfall and rock stratigraphy.

Reference-

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