SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (2O MARKS)

Circle the LETTER of which BEST answers the question.

1. Isotopes of an element have

a) The same number of neurons

b) The same number of protons
c) Different number of protons
d) All of the above

2. Cu‐63 has a mass of 62.9396 amu and relative abundance of

69.50%. Cu‐65 has a mass of 64.9278 and relative abundance of
30.50%. What is the weighted average atomic mass?

a) 62.5460amu
b) 63.5460amu
c) 64.3213amu
d) 61.4530amu

3. An isotope of manganese has 25 protons and 30 neutrons. What is the mass number of
this isotope?

a) 25
b) 30
c) 55
d) 15

4. An alpha particle has

a) 2 protons and 1 neutron

b) 2 protons and 2 neutrons
c) 1 proton and 2 neutrons
d) None of the above

5. Fast moving electrons emitted (released) by atomic nuclei are known as

a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) All of the above

6. Which of the following sentences is true about isotopes?

a) They have the same number of protons but a different number of electrons.
b) They have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
c) They have the same number of protons and neutrons
d) The have the same number of protons and electrons
7. Which one of the following best fit in the missing formula and name to complete table
below

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 Cation Anion Formula Name

Al3+ Cl- ……………… ………………

…. …

a) AlCl3, Chlorine Aluminium

b) AlCl3, Aluminium Chloride
c) Al3Cl, Aluminium Chloride
d) Al3Cl3, Chlorine Aluminium

8. Which of the following defines the Mass number of an atom?

a) Number of protons + number of electrons

b) Number of protons + number of neutrons
c) Number of electrons
d) Number of neutrons + number of electrons

9. Where does radioactivity have application in our lives?

a) Agriculture
b) Medicine
c) Energy (Electricity)
d) All of the above

10. An element with a mass number of 11 and an atomic number of 5 has how many neurons?

a) 11
b) 5
c) 6
d) 16

11. What is the mass number of this element?

a) 12
b) 6
c) 18
d) 24

12. Which type of radiation has a positively charged particle?

a) Alpha
b) Beta
c) Gamma
d) All three

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13. Nitrogen has two isotopes. One isotope has a mass of 14.003 amu and a relative
abundance of99.63%, while the other has a mass of 15.000 amu and a relative abundance
of 0.37%. What is the average atomic mass for nitrogen?

a) 14.007 amu
b) 14.778 amu
c) 14.456 amu
d) 14.993 amu

14. Calculate the average atomic mass of the following element

a) 29.0
b) 32.0
c) 30.0
d) 34.0

15. Nuclear power plants have many disadvantages. One of those disadvantages is …

a) Reduced pollution to our atmosphere

b) Reduced C02 emissions
c) Very Explosive and radioactive waste.
d) Stable power

16. Nuclear energy uses _______ to turn turbines to power a generator.

a) Wind
b) Water
c) Steam
d) Solar

17. What is Half-life?

a) The amount of time it takes for some of the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay.
b) The amount of time it takes for half the electrons in a sample of the isotope to decay.
c) The amount of time it takes for half the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay.
d) The amount of time it takes to double the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay.

18. The half-life of Zn-71 is 2.4 minutes. If one had 100.0g at the beginning, how many
grams would be left after 2.4 minutes has elapsed?

a) 100.0g
b) 50.0g
c) 12.5g
d) 8.5g

19. If 10mg of iodine 131 is given to a patient, how much is left after 8 days? The half-life of
iodine-131 is 8 days.

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 a) 5.0mg
b) 1.25g
c) 10g
d) 10mg

20. In the chemical formula for an ionic compound, which item is written first?

a) positive ion
b) negative ion
c) subscript
d) the female

21. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IONIC COMPOUNDS?

a) High melting point

b) Conducts electricity.
c) Strong bonds
d) Low boiling points

22. Lead Chloride is an ionic compound, made up from Pb2+ ions and Cl- ions. Which is the
correct formula for this compound?

a) PbCl3
b) PbCl
c) PbCl4
d) PbCl2

23. What properties does an ionic compound have?

a) A low boiling point and it conducts electricity when dissolved in water

b) A high melting point and it conducts electricity when molten or dissolved
c) A high boiling point and it conducts electricity when solid
d) None of the above.

24. Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

a) Their ions are free to move.

b) Their ions are held in fixed positions.

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 c) They have many strong bonds which require a large amount of heat energy to
overcome these strong bonds.
d) They have weak bonds which require a little amount of heat energy to overcome these
weak bonds.

25. Low melting point and low solubility in water are general properties of
______________________ compounds

a) ionic
b) covalent
c) chemical
d) glucose

26. Carbon dating is based on the decay of _______________.

a) Carbon 14
b) Carbon 12
c) Carbon 13
d) Carbon 15

27. Which one from the lists is an industrial application of Radiation

a) Treatment of cancers
b) Medical diagnosis
c) Sterilization to kill bacteria in food
d) Investigating the effects of fertilizer on plants.

28. The ability of three types of radiation to pass through material is different. From the least
to most penetrating, they are ………….

a) Alpha – Beta – Gamma

b) Beta – Alpha – Gamma
c) Gamma – Beta – Alpha
d) Alpha – Gamma – Beta
29. The type of reaction that takes place in nuclear power stations is called ………….

a) Nuclear fission
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Nuclear decay
d) Nuclear decomposition

30. One of the properties of Diamond is ……………...

a) Is hard, high melting point, high boiling point, and non-conductor of electricity.
b) Is hard, low melting point, high boiling point, and non-conductor of electricity.
c) Is hard, high melting point, low boiling point and non-conductor of electricity.
d) Is hard, high melting point, high boiling point, and conductor of electricity.

SECTION B: TRUE & FALSE (10 MARKS)

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Write T if the statement is True or F if the statement is False in the line provided at the end
of each statement.

1) Gamma radiation has a positive relative charge. _____T___

2) Atomic number is the number of neurons. _____F___

3) The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons.

_____T___

4) One advantage of nuclear power is it’s reducing pollution.

_____T___

5) Alpha particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons.

_____T___

6) Radiation can be used to detect smoke to avoid fire in buildings _____T___

7) Isotopes have the same atomic number but different in mass numbers.

_____T___

8) Graphite conducts electricity whereas diamond does not

_____T___

9) A diamond is an allotrope of carbon used as a cutting tool and in jewellery. ______T___

10) A graphite is also an allotrope of Carbon used for making cores of pencils. ____T___

SECTION B: MATCHING (10 MARKS)

Write the letter of the definition of each vocabulary in the Answer column.

Answer Vocabularies Definitions

c 1. Radioactivity a. The amount of time it takes for half the nuclei
in a sample of the isotope to decay
f 2. Radioisotope b. is a technique to estimate the age of organic
materials up to 50,000 years old.
a 3. Half life c. is the release of energy and matter due to a

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 change in the nucleus of an atom.
b 4. Carbon-Dating d. is the use of heat produced during atomic
fission boil water and produce steam which
spin turbines blades that drive magnetic
generators to produce electricity.
e 5. Isotope e. An atom with different amounts of neurons
j 6. Penetrating g. isotopes that are unstable and release
radiation
i 7. Ionising radiation h. Also known as radiation pollution and is a
result of improper nuclear waste disposal and
nuclear power plant meltdowns or explosions.
d 8. Nuclear power i. is a form of energy by removing electrons
from atoms and molecules, turning them into
ions
h 9. Nuclear pollution j. The ability of each type of radiation to pass
through matter

SECTION C: SHORT & LONG ANSWERS (50 MARKS)

Use your knowledge to answer the following questions. Use the space provided for your
answer.

1. Complete the table below by using the words: No, Yes, High, Low. An example has
been done for you.

IONIC COVALENT METALLIC

COMPOUND COMPOUND COMPOUND
1) MELTING High low High
POINTS
2) ELECTRICITY Yes No Yes
CONDUCTIVITY (When in liquid
form)
3) BOILING High low High
POINTS
(4 MARKS)

2. In terms of structure and bonding why metallic, covalent, and ionic solids have high
melting points?

Ionic bonds are formed between ions of opposite charges. The oppositely charged ions have
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between them which result in a high melting point.
The molecules of covalent compounds are held by weak intramolecular forces. Thus, a very
small amount of energy is required to break the bonds between two or more molecules. That
is why they have low melting and boiling points. (2 Marks)

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 3. Write two (2) uses of each of the following allotrope of Carbon - Diamond and
Graphite?
Diamond

 Diamond is known to be the hardest substances on the Earth. It is used in making of tools
that are utilized for grinding, cutting, drilling, etc.
 Diamond is used in the manufacture of filaments made of tungsten used for light bulbs.
 It is used in the making of jewellery.
 Diamonds are used by most of the surgeons in the removal of the cataract from the eyes as
a high precision instrument. (2 marks)

a) Graphite -

 Graphite is used for making the cores of our pencils- It is black, soft and its layers can slide
over one another. The lid of the pencil is made by mixing the graphite with clay and water. The
more clay they put harder the pencil nib will be.
 Due to its softness, powder graphite is used as a lubricant for fast-moving parts of
machinery. (2 marks)

4. Explain why some of the covalent solids cannot conduct electricity, while the metallic
solids are good conductors of electricity?
A covalent bond is formed between non-metal atoms, which combine by sharing electrons.
Covalent compounds have no free electrons and no ions that conduct electricity .so they don't
conduct electricity. An ionic compound consists of ions held by strong forces in the solid
state. But when an ionic compound dissolves in water to form a solution, the constituent ions
get separated, and they disperse across the solution. This helps in conducting an electric
current through the solution.

5. Explain why ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity in solid state but can
conduct electricity in liquid state (in molten and solution)?
In solid state, ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces and are not free to move
about within the solid. Hence, ionic solids do not conduct electricity in solid state. However,
in molten state or in solution form, the ions are free to move and can conduct electricity.

6. Explain two (2) differences between a covalently bonded

(molecular) compound and an ionic compound?

Any two

1. Molecular compounds are formed when atoms are joined together by sharing of electrons while ionic
compounds are formed due to the transfer of electrons.

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 2. Molecular compounds are formed due to covalent bonding while ionic compounds are formed due to
ionic bonding.

3. Molecular compounds are formed between two non-metals whereas ionic compounds are formed
between metals and non-metals.

4. Molecular compounds are poor conductors of electricity while ionic compounds are good conductors
of electricity.

5. Molecular compounds can be found in any physical state ‘“ solid, liquid, or gas. Ionic compounds
are always solid and crystalline form

7. Calculate the atomic mass of silicon. The three silicon isotopes have atomic masses
and relative abundances of 27.9 amu (92.2%), 28.9 amu (4.7%) and 29.9 amu (3.1%).
(Round your answer to 3sig figs)

28.1 (2 Marks)
8. Copper is made of two isotopes. The mass and abundances are 62.9 amu (69.2%) and
64.9 amu (30.9%). What is the weighted average mass of these two isotopes? (Round
your answer to 3 sig figs)

63.6. (2 marks)
9. Copper used in electric wires comes in two flavours (isotopes): 63Cu and 65Cu. 63Cu
has an atomic mass of 62.9298 amu and an abundance of 69.09%. The other isotope,
65
Cu, has an abundance of 30.91%. The average atomic mass between these two
isotopes is 63.546 amu. Calculate the actual atomic mass of 65Cu.

(2 marks)

10. Explain why Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten/solution?

Ionic compound does not conduct electricity in solid state because the ions are fixed in the ionic lattice and
are not able to move. Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten/solution form since upon dissociation
the ions are free to move and hence can conduct electricity. (2 Marks)

11. Given the following ionic formulas, write out the compound's name:

1. NaCl: ____________Sodium Chloride________ (1 MARK)

2. CaBr2: ___________ Calcium Bromide_______ (1 MARK)
3. Fe2O3: ___________Iron (III) Oxide__________(1 MARK)

12. If 10 mg of iodine 131 is given to a patient, how much is left after 24 days? The half-
life of iodine-131 is 8 days.

1.25 mg. (2 marks)

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 13. Selenium -83 has a half-life of 25.0 minutes. How many minutes would it take for a
10.0mg sample to decay and only have 1.25mg of it remain? (2mrks)

75 minutes, for a 10.0mg sample of Selenium-83 to reduce to 1.25mg

14. The half-life of Zn-71 is 2.4 minutes. If one had 100.0 g at the
beginning, how many grams would be left after 7.2 minutes
has elapsed?

_____12.5g____________(2 Marks)

15. Combine each pair of ions to get the formula of the compound they formed

PART A

ANS:

NH4F LiCN
Sr2(CO3)2 Al3(PO)3

(4 MARKS)

PART B

______________________ _____________________
__________________

ANS:

Cu2O Sn2(SO4)4 K3P

(3 MARKS)

16. Is nuclear energy the best option for Kiribati to have instead of fossil fuels (diesel
engines)? (Explain your answer)

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Yes! Nuclear energy reduces emission of carbon dioxide in the environment. This will reduce
the effect of climate change.

17. Describe two(2) Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Station

a) Advantages:

1) Using nuclear power instead of burning fossil fuels would considerably reduce the use of valuable
fossil fuel. Imagine burning 3.2 million tonnes of coal produces the same amount of energy as
using 27 tonnes of enriched uranium.
2) Burning coal produces a huge amount of carbon dioxide which leads to global warming and
climate change, due to the greenhouse effect. Nuclear power stations do not produce any carbon
dioxide.
3) A coal-burning power station also produces a large amount of sulphur dioxide and leads to acid
rain.
4) A coal-burning power station also produces huge amount of solid waste mainly ash. This ash
contains toxic heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, and lead, which remain in the
environment.
5) Burning coal releases trace amounts of radioactive heavy metals including uranium and thorium.

b) Disadvantages:

1) the exposure of living cells to the harmful radiation causing cell death and cell mutation discussed
in the previous unit.
2) stayed for a very long time polluting the areas.
3) A nuclear weapon[a] is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear
reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions
(thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb types release large quantities of
energy from relatively small amounts of matter.

18. Calculate the atomic number and mass number of the following nuclei after they undergo
alpha decay, (3 marks)

a. ________237 mass no#_____

________93 atomic no#______ (1 mark)

b. __________236 mass no#_________

__________92 atomic no#_________ (1 mark)

c. ___________206 mass no#_______

____________82 atomic no#_______ (1 mark)

19. Calculate the atomic number and mass number of the following nuclei after they undergo
beta decay, (3 marks)

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a. ____22 mass #______
_____12 atomic #_____ (1 mark)

b. ______14 mass #_______

______7 atomic #______ (1 mark)

c. _______137 mass #____

_______56 atomic #____ (1 mark)

………………………END OF EXAM………………………..

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