CAUSES - SOLUTIONS

1 issue

→ Why is this happening and what can be done to tackle the situation?

→ What are the reasons behind this and how can we…..?

An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their own poorer
countries to work in developed countries. What are the reasons behind this trend? What solutions can
you suggest to deal with this situation?

Many criminals re-offend after they have been punished. Why do some people continue to commit
crimes after they have been punished, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?
 EFFECTS - SOLUTIONS
1 issue

→ What problems will this cause and what can be done to tackle the situation?

In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for
individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing
populations.

The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created
problems that did not exist before. What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and
what solutions can you suggest?
 APPROACHES
Causes – solutions
Body 1: 1 cause – 1 solution
Body 2: 1 cause – 1 solution
Effects – solutions
Body 1: 1 effect – 1 solution
Body 2: 1 effect – 1 solution
Causes – solutions
Body 1: 2 causes
Body 2: 2 solutions
Effects – solutions
Body 1: 2 effects
Body 2: 2 solutions
 BRAINSTORM
Causes
→ people’s daily lives/ activities/ customs
Effects
→ Individuals → time, money, benefit (mental, physical)
→ Society → social security
→ Governments → budget, policy
 ESSAY STRUCTURE
I. Introduction: 2

(1) Background → paraphrase đề

It is true that

In many parts of the world,

It is claimed that

It is commonly thought/ believed that

It is a common thought/ belief that

 ESSAY STRUCTURE
(2) Thesis statement → answer the questions

+ Causes – Solutions: There are several reasons behind this trend and actions should be taken to deal with the
situation.

+ Effects/ Problems – Solutions: Although this trend undoubtedly leads to many negative consequences,
actions can be taken to deal with the situation.
 ESSAY STRUCTURE
II. Body 1

+ Causes – Solutions: body 1 → 2 causes

(1) Topic sentence

It is understandable why + đề.

(2) One reason is that + cause 1.

(3) In fact, / This can be explained by the fact that….

(4) Another cause/ reason is that + cause 2, since/ as + explanation.

(5) As a result, / Therefore, …

 ESSAY STRUCTURE
II. Body 1

+ Effects/ Problems – Solutions: body 1 → 2 effects/ problems

(1) Topic sentence

Several problems can be anticipated when + đề.

(2) One major problem is that + problem 1/ effect 1.

(3) In fact, / This can be explained by the fact that/ This is because….

(4) Another problem is that + problem 2/ effect 2, which means that + result/ example.

(5) As a result, / Therefore, …

 ESSAY STRUCTURE
III. Body 2 → 2 solutions

(1) Topic sentence

Fortunately, several measures can be taken in order to tackle the situation/ solve the problem/ alleviate the problem/
eradicate the problem.

(2) The first solution is that + solution 1.

(3) In fact, / This can be explained by the fact that/ This is because….

(4) In addition to this, as/since + explain, solution 2.

(5) As a result, / Therefore, …

 ESSAY STRUCTURE
IV. Conclusion: 2 sentences

+ Causes – Solutions

In conclusion, it is obvious that there are two main reasons behind this tendency. Nevertheless, several steps
can be taken in order to deal with the situation. It is therefore advisable that + extra thought.

+ Effects/ problems – solutions

In conclusion, this tendency will bring about several negative consequences. Nevertheless, several steps can be
taken in order to deal with the situation. It is therefore advisable that + extra thought
 PRACTICE 1
An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their own poorer
countries to work in developed countries. What problems do this cause? What solutions can you suggest
to deal with this situation?

EFFECTS

- a lack of qualified doctors and teachers → low quality services offered at public hospitals and schools

→ the wealthier people → seek higher standard services at foreign-invested clinics and international schools

→ the major poorer population → tolerate the situation

→ may hinder the development of the poor countries as a whole

 PRACTICE 1
SOLUTIONS

- employee retention programs

→ more attractive remuneration packages and training opportunities

→ better working conditions → invest in state-owned educational and medical service centers

→ attract highly-skilled workers

 PRACTICE 2
Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What are the reasons? What are the
effects on society and family life?

CAUSES

- focus on their careers → specific jobs: having children physically impossible → flight attendant: travel frequently → no
time to rear their babies

- financially prepared → increased costs of raising children → put pressure/ a burden on young couple
 PRACTICE 2
EFFECTS

- FAMILY:

+ more mature: more experience → better parenting skills → well-rounded children

>< young couples

- SOCIETY:

+ manage better quality of life for children: a better education, better healthcare services → in the long run: healthy +
educated new generation → contribute to the country
 PRACTICE 3
Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address
these problems? What can individual people do?

EFFECTS (of human activities on the environment)

- Enormous energy consumption in production → environmental problems

→ Massive emissions released from fossil fuels for manufacturing → air pollution

→ Made worse by the widespread use of fuel-powered vehicles → Ex: VN

- Mass production of low-priced consumer goods

→ Cheap + easily accessible → a throw-away society → more waste → overload landfills + pollute water
sources
 PRACTICE 3
SOLUTIONS

- Allocate funding to green technology → lower reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources

→ Ex: renewable energy → cut down on the consumption of fossil fuels → reduce the amount of toxic exhaust
fumes

- Campaign to raise public awareness of environmental protection

→ Aware → more sustainable life choices

→ single-use plastic bottles to reusable containers

 PRACTICE 4
Recent research suggests that the majority of criminals who are sent to prison commit crimes after they are released.
Why is this the case? What can be done to solve this problem?