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Enzymes Guided Notes

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed. They work by lowering the activation energy of reactions. Enzymes act on substrate molecules by binding to them at an active site, and use a lock-and-key mechanism to fit substrates like keys into locks. The rate of enzyme action is affected by factors like pH, temperature, and substrate/enzyme concentration.

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77 views4 pages

Enzymes Guided Notes

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed. They work by lowering the activation energy of reactions. Enzymes act on substrate molecules by binding to them at an active site, and use a lock-and-key mechanism to fit substrates like keys into locks. The rate of enzyme action is affected by factors like pH, temperature, and substrate/enzyme concentration.

Uploaded by

cristian gonzalez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name ________________________________________ Date _______________ Per _____

Enzymes: Biological Catalysts!

What is a Catalyst?

 A catalyst is a substance that _____________ up the rate of a _________________ ______________,


without __________________ the reaction itself
 Catalysts can be
o Inorganic- ____________
o Organic- ______________
 What are most catalysts? _______________________

Enzyme Facts:

 What is an enzyme?

 Most end in __________

 Enzymes work by lowering what?

o What does this mean?

How Enzymes Work:

 Enzymes act on molecules called


________________________

 They bind to their substrates at the ______________


__________

 Typically, enzymes are ______________ than their


substrates

 Enzymes fit into their substrates like a _________ fits into a _______- it is VERY _______________

 This is called the ________________________________ model of enzyme action


Steps of Enzyme Action:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Induced Fit Model:

 Enzyme is not ______________, and changes _______________ slightly when the substrate enters

 Still ______________________ to one substrate!

Coenzymes:

 Enzyme ______________
 __________ to enzyme and _______ it to fit with
the substrate
 Coenzymes:

 Cofactors:
Factors Affecting Enzyme Action

1. pH and Enzymes:
 Each enzyme has a _______________ pH in which it
will work
 Different enzymes work at __________________ pH
levels
 Pepsin, an enzyme in your _______________, works
best at a pH of _______
o Why?

 Amylase, an enzyme that breaks down _________________________, works best at a pH


of ___________
o Why?

2. Temperature and Enzymes:


a. All enzymes have an ____________________ temperature at which they will work most
effectively
b. Optimal temperature for humans is _______________
c. Optimal temperature for dogs is ______________

What Happens When Temperatures Get Too High?

 Enzymes change ___________


(kind of like melting!)
 When this happens, we say the
enzyme is
____________________
 If the enzyme is not shaped
correctly, it cannot _______ with
its ______________, and can no
longer do its job

Denatured
Protein
3. Concentration of Enzymes and Substrates:

a. As concentration of both the enzyme and the substrate __________________, the rate of
enzyme action ____________________________________, and then it will ____________
________

Why does this leveling off occur?

 If the concentration of the enzyme


increases, reaction rate will initially
increase. However, as all of the
___________________ is broken down,
the excess _____________ has
________________ to combine with, so
the _______________ _________ levels
off.

 If the concentration of the substrate increases, reaction rate will initially increase.
However, if there are _____ _______________ ________________ to act on the
increasing ___________________, the reaction rate will level off.

Summary Questions:

1. What type of biological molecule is an enzyme considered?

2. Why is enzyme action similar to the action of a key fitting into a lock?

3. What is the difference between a substrate and an active site?

4. Why are changes in pH and temperature critical to the proper functioning of an enzyme?

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