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DATA PRESENTATION:

TABULAR METHOD
BY: SUMAGANG, ENRIQUEZ, SARDAN, MAGLANGIT, ROMARATE, & ANG
TABULAR DATA PRESENTATION
Tabular data presentation is a method of organizing
and presenting data in a structured format using
rows and columns. In simple terms, it involves putting
information into a table-like format, where each row
represents a separate observation or entity, and
each column represents a different attribute or
characteristic.
BASIC EXAMPLES
STUDENT GRADES TABLE
BASIC EXAMPLES
EXPENSE DATA TRACKER
ADVANTAGES
Organized Information

Clear Structure

Efficient Comparison
DISADVANTAGES
Limited Visual Appeal

Complexity with Large Datasets

Potential for Misinterpretation


FORMS OF TABULAR
ANALYSIS
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
SPATIAL
TEMPORAL
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION

FREQUENCY TABLE
Description: Frequency tables summarize the number
of times each value or category occurs in a dataset.
Usage: They are commonly used for categorical data
analysis, allowing easy comparison of frequencies.
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION
FREQUENCY TABLE
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION
CONTINGENCY TABLE
Description: Contingency tables, alternatively known as
crosstab or cross-tabulation, visually present the
associations between two or more categorical variables.
Usage: They serve as a valuable tool for analyzing
dependencies or relationships between variables, commonly
applied in disciplines such as market research, social
sciences, and epidemiology.
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION
CONTINGENCY TABLE
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION

SUMMARY TABLE
Description: Summary tables provide an overview of
key statistics, such as means, medians, and standard
deviations, for one or more variables.
Usage: They are useful for summarizing and
comparing numerical data across different groups or
categories.
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION
SUMMARY TABLE
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION

DATA MATRIX
Description: Data matrices are rectangular arrays
that represent data in a tabular format, similar to a
spreadsheet. - Usage: They are used for data
storage, analysis, and visualization, providing a
structured format for organizing and manipulating
data.
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION
DATA MATRIX
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION

COMPARISON TABLE
Description: Comparison tables present data side-
by-side for comparison, highlighting similarities and
differences between different entities or variables.
Usage: They are commonly used in product
comparisons, feature comparisons, and decision-
making processes.
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION
COMPARISON TABLE
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION

TIME SERIES TABLES


Description: Time series tables display data collected
over consecutive time periods, such as days, months,
or years. - Usage: They are used to analyze trends
and patterns over time, valuable for forecasting,
monitoring, and decision-making.
TYPES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION
TIME SERIES TABLE
COMPONENTS OF A TABLE
GENERALLY A TABLE SHOULD BE COMPRISED OF THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS:
I. TABLE NUMBER
AND TITLE:
EACH TABLE SHOULD BE IDENTIFIED BY A
NUMBER GIVEN AT THE TOP. IT SHOULD ALSO
HAVE AN APPROPRIATE SHORT AND SELF
EXPLANATORY TITLE INDICATING WHAT
EXACTLY THE TABLE PRESENTS.
II. STUB:

STUBS STAND FOR BRIEF AND SELF


EXPLANATORY HEADINGS OF ROWS.
III. CAPTION:

CAPTION STANDS FOR BRIEF AND SELF


EXPLANATORY HEADINGS OF COLUMNS. IT MAY
INVOLVE HEADINGS AND SUB-HEADINGS AS
WELL.
IV. BODY OF
THE TABLE:
THE BODY OF THE TABLE SHOULD PROVIDE
THE NUMERICAL INFORMATION IN DIFFERENT
CELLS.
V. FOOT NOTE:

THE EXPLANATORY NOTES SHOULD BE GIVEN


AS FOOT NOTES AND MUST BE COMPLETE IN
ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THEM AT A LATER
STAGE.
VI. SOURCE OF
DATA:
IT IS ALWAYS CUSTOMARY TO PROVIDE SOURCE OF
DATA TO ENABLE THE USER TO REFER THE ORIGINAL
DATA. THE SOURCE OF DATA MAY BE PROVIDED IN A
FOOT NOTE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE TABLE.
A TYPICAL
FORMAT OF A
TABLE IS GIVEN
HERE:
COMPONENTS OF STATISCAL DATA
VARIABLES
OBSERVATIONS
DATA VALUES
FREQUENCY
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
VARIABLES
A VARIABLE IS A CHARACTERISTIC, ATTRIBUTE, OR QUANTITY THAT CAN BE
MEASURED OR OBSERVED AND CAN TAKE DIFFERENT VALUES. FOR EXAMPLE,
IN A STUDY ABOUT STUDENTS, VARIABLES COULD INCLUDE AGE, GENDER,
TEST SCORES, ETC.
OBSERVATIONS
OBSERVATIONS ARE THE ACTUAL VALUES OF THE VARIABLES RECORDED OR
OBSERVED IN A STUDY. EACH OBSERVATION REPRESENTS A SINGLE UNIT OR
INDIVIDUAL IN THE STUDY. FOR EXAMPLE, IF A STUDY INVOLVES 100
STUDENTS, THERE WOULD BE 100 OBSERVATIONS, EACH CORRESPONDING TO
A SINGLE STUDENT.
DATA VALUES
DATA VALUES ARE THE SPECIFIC VALUES THAT VARIABLES CAN TAKE. FOR
EXAMPLE, IF A VARIABLE REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF HOURS STUDENTS
STUDY PER WEEK, DATA VALUES COULD BE 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 20, ETC.
FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF TIMES A PARTICULAR DATA VALUE
OCCURS IN A DATASET. FOR EXAMPLE, IF THE DATA VALUES ARE 1, 2, 2, 3, 3,
3, 4, 4, 4, 4, THE FREQUENCY OF THE VALUE 3 IS 3 BECAUSE IT OCCURS
THREE TIMES IN THE DATASET.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
THESE ARE STATISTICAL MEASURES THAT INDICATE WHERE THE CENTER OR
MIDDLE OF A DISTRIBUTION IS. THE MAIN MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
ARE THE MEAN, MEDIAN, AND MODE.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEAN: THE MEAN IS THE AVERAGE OF ALL THE DATA VALUES AND IS
CALCULATED BY ADDING UP ALL THE VALUES AND DIVIDING BY THE
NUMBER OF VALUES.
MEDIAN: THE MEDIAN IS THE MIDDLE VALUE WHEN THE DATA VALUES ARE
ARRANGED IN ORDER. IF THERE IS AN EVEN NUMBER OF VALUES, THE
MEDIAN IS THE AVERAGE OF THE TWO MIDDLE VALUES.
MODE: THE MODE IS THE VALUE THAT OCCURS MOST FREQUENTLY IN
THE DATASET. THERE CAN BE ONE MODE, MORE THAN ONE MODE
(MULTIMODAL), OR NO MODE IF NO VALUE IS REPEATED.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
MEASURES OF DISPERSION (OR VARIABILITY) INDICATE THE SPREAD OR
VARIABILITY OF THE DATA VALUES. THE MAIN MEASURES OF DISPERSION ARE
THE RANGE, VARIANCE, AND STANDARD DEVIATION.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
RANGE: THE RANGE IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE LARGEST AND
SMALLEST DATA VALUES IN THE DATASET.
VARIANCE: THE VARIANCE MEASURES HOW FAR EACH DATA POINT IN THE
DATASET IS FROM THE MEAN. IT IS CALCULATED BY TAKING THE
AVERAGE OF THE SQUARED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EACH DATA POINT
AND THE MEAN.
STANDARD DEVIATION: THE STANDARD DEVIATION IS THE SQUARE ROOT
OF THE VARIANCE. IT PROVIDES A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF
VARIATION OR DISPERSION OF A SET OF VALUES.
CONCLUSION
IN CONCLUSION, TABULAR DATA PRESENTATION IS A CRUCIAL TOOL FOR
ORGANIZING AND ANALYZING DATA EFFICIENTLY. WHILE IT OFFERS CLEAR
ORGANIZATION AND FACILITATES COMPARISON, IT ALSO HAS LIMITATIONS SUCH
AS LIMITED VISUAL REPRESENTATION AND POTENTIAL FOR MISINTERPRETATION.
DESPITE THESE DRAWBACKS, ITS SIMPLICITY AND VERSATILITY MAKE IT
INDISPENSABLE FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND DECISION-MAKING. AS WE NAVIGATE
THE REALM OF DATA SCIENCE, TABULAR PRESENTATION REMAINS A VALUABLE
METHOD FOR DERIVING INSIGHTS AND INFORMING DECISIONS.

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